Psychological Electoral Neighbourhood Effects

Using combined data from the British Election Study, British Social Attitudes Survey, Census, and the Cambridge Personality and Social Dynamics Research Group, a preregistered large-n regression design demonstrates the continued presence of neighbourhood effects in British elections. In addition to conventional demographic approaches, neighbourhood effects of personality dimensions and ideological orientations are demonstrated. For example, living in an area high on Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is positively associated with one's likelihood of voting Conservative, regardless of one's own RWA. These findings are consistent with models in which aggregate psychological phenomena influence individual decision making, either in elections, or in domestic migration preferences. The research furthers the integration of social psychological theory with electoral analysis, but further work is required to understand the causal mechanism behind neighbourhood effects.

Distribution and Location Stability of the Australian Ophthalmology Workforce: 2014–2019

Objective: To investigate the ophthalmology workforce distribution and location stability using Modified Monash Model category of remoteness. Methods: Whole of ophthalmologist workforce analysis using Australian Health Practitioner Registration Agency (AHPRA) data. Modified Monash Model (MMM) category was mapped to postcode of primary work location over a six-year period (2014 to 2019). MMM stability was investigated using survival analysis and competing risks regression. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Australia. Participants: Ophthalmologists registered with AHPRA. Main outcome measures: Retention within MMM category of primary work location. Results: A total of 948 ophthalmologists were identified (767 males, 181 females). Survival estimates indicate 84% of ophthalmologists remained working in MMM1, while 79% of ophthalmologists working in MMM2–MMM7remained in these regions during the six-year period. Conclusion: The Australian ophthalmology workforce shows a high level of location stability and is concentrated in metropolitan areas of Australia. Investment in policy initiatives designed to train, recruit and retain ophthalmologists in regional, rural and remote areas is needed to improve workforce distribution outside of metropolitan areas.

EXPRESS: Redesigning the Exploration of Semantic Dynamics – SSD Account in Light of Regression Design

The Semantic Settling Dynamics model (Armstrong & Plaut, 2016) postulated that the seemingly inconsistent effects of lexical ambiguity are, in fact, a systematic manifestation of the specific dynamics that arise as a consequence of the amount of time spent in processing. The model has thus far been tested by prolonging lexical decision and comparing homonymous, polysemous, and unambiguous words in a factorial design. Here, we kept the strategy of task manipulation but tested the model by using continuous measures as indices of the level of lexical ambiguity and their slopes as indices of the effect size. We expressed the size of the polysemy effect as the slope of the effect of entropy of sense probability distribution and the size of the homonymy effect as the redundancy of sense probability distribution. Comparing lexical decision tasks with the shorter and longer time spent in processing, we observed the predicted decrease in the effect of the polysemy level as well as the predicted increase in the effect of homonymy level.

Peran Personal Development Competitive Attitude dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior Terhadap Manajemen Konflik pada Karyawan Event Organizer

The dynamic phenomenon of EO requires collaboration between members to run events, especially when facing conflicts that arise. The collaborative conflict management style can be referred to as a solution-orientation conflict management. In connection with this phenomenon, personal development competitive attitude and organizational citizenship behavior is known to play a role in improving conflict management solution-orientation among EO employees. This research is a quantitative study with multiple regression design. The population of this study were event organizer employees in Surabaya. The sample in this study amounted to 114 event organizer employees obtained through online surveys. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. This study uses a personal development competitive attitude scale (PDCA) designed by Ryckman et al. (1996), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (OCB) designed by Podsakof et al. (1990), and the Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument (OCCI) designed by Putnam et al. (1982). The results of hypothesis testing state the role of personal development competitive attitude and organizational citizenship behavior in conflict management solution-orientation. In this study the variable organizational citizenship behavior has a bigger role than personal development competitive attitude. The results of the research can be used as knowledge and input for the company and EO employees.

Diversification Strategies among Rural Farm Family Households in Different Agro-climatic Zones of J&K Union Territory, India

Aims: The diversification of a portfolio is an alternative strategy for households to minimize their income variability and to ensure a minimum level of income. Study Design: Multi-stage sampling, binary logistic regression and logit regression design were used for the study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Jammu & Kashmir State (Union Territory) in the year of 2016-17 with a total sample size of 630 farming families drawn from the four agro-ecological zones. Methodology: From each selected villages, 15 farming families were drawn randomly without replacement and out of 15 farm families only 10 families were retained for analysis. Results: An average gross income from on-farm enterprise was Rs. 77,623 per annum and from off-farm activities the average income was Rs. 1,17,643 per annum. Education, size of family members and fragmented land holdings were the push factors which motivated the farming family households to diversify towards other activities. Conclusion: The study further suggested that there is a need to develop education and skill development training among the farm family households, as it will surely provide a positive impact on the ability to diversify their other livelihood options.

Formula Fertilization Promotes Phoebe bournei Robust Seedling Cultivation

Phoebe bournei is a rare and endangered woody species and the success of its plantation development is dependent upon proper seedling cultivation. This study explored the regulation of N, P and K fertilizer and the interaction of these macronutrients on the growth of Phoebe bournei seedlings. To determine the optimum rate and ratio of N–P–K fertilizer in seedling cultivation, we used the unique “3414” incomplete orthogonal regression design to evaluate the effects of N–P–K fertilization on seedling morphological development. One-year-old Phoebe bournei bareroot seedlings were grown for one growing season under the defined fertilization regime, with their morphological development determined by measuring seedling attributes—root, stem, leaves and total biomass, root collar diameter and seedling height. These attributes were then combined to calculate the following indices: height-diameter ratio, shoot-root ratio and the seedling quality index (QI). Results showed that the N–P–K fertilizer had significant and beneficial effect on seedling cultivation. N effect was highest, followed by K and P. The three-way N×P×K interaction effect was strong, and the two-way interactions effect was highest for N×P, followed by P×K and N×K. At the “2” level of N (0.532 g·plant−1), P (P2O5, 0.133 g·plant−1), and K fertilizer (K2O, 0.356 g·plant−1), seedling growth and biomass accumulation were at their maximum. Unary, binary, and ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function equations of QI were established. Through comparative analysis, the ternary quadratic model was the optimal model and through a simulation–optimization, the optimal N–P–K fertilizer rates were 0.373~0.420 g·plant−1 (N), 0.086~0.106 g·plant−1 (P2O5), 0.243~0.280 g·plant−1 (K2O), with a N–P–K ratio of 1:0.20:0.43~1:0.65:0.75.

dCATCH—A Numerical Package for d-Variate near G-Optimal Tchakaloff Regression via Fast NNLS

We provide a numerical package for the computation of a d-variate near G-optimal polynomial regression design of degree m on a finite design space X ⊂ R d , by few iterations of a basic multiplicative algorithm followed by Tchakaloff-like compression of the discrete measure keeping the reached G-efficiency, via an accelerated version of the Lawson-Hanson algorithm for Non-Negative Least Squares (NNLS) problems. This package can solve on a personal computer large-scale problems where c a r d ( X ) × dim ( P 2 m d ) is up to 10 8 – 10 9 , being dim ( P 2 m d ) = 2 m + d d = 2 m + d 2 m . Several numerical tests are presented on complex shapes in d = 3 and on hypercubes in d > 3 .

Dose–response relationship between dietary choline and lipid accumulation in pyloric enterocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in seawater

Foamy, whitish appearance of the pyloric caeca, reflecting elevated lipid content, histologically visible as hypervacuolation, is frequently observed in Atlantic salmon fed high-plant diets. Lipid malabsorption syndrome (LMS) is suggested as term for the phenomenon. Earlier studies have shown that insufficient supply of phospholipids may cause similar symptoms. The objective of the present study was to strengthen knowledge on the role of choline, the key component of phosphatidylcholine, in development of LMS as well as finding the dietary required choline level in Atlantic salmon. A regression design was chosen to be able to estimate the dietary requirement level of choline, if found essential for the prevention of LMS. Atlantic salmon (456 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 392, 785, 1177, 1569, 1962, 2354, 2746 and 3139 mg/kg choline chloride. Fish fed the lowest-choline diet had pyloric caeca with whitish foamy surface, elevated relative weight, and the enterocytes were hypervacuolated. These characteristics diminished with increasing choline level and levelled off at levels of 2850, 3593 and 2310 mg/kg, respectively. The concomitant alterations in expression of genes related to phosphatidylcholine synthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid transport and storage confirmed the importance of choline in lipid turnover in the intestine and ability to prevent LMS. Based on the observations of the present study, the lowest level of choline which prevents LMS and intestinal lipid hypervacuolation in post-smolt Atlantic salmon is 3·4 g/kg. However, the optimal level most likely depends on the feed intake and dietary lipid level.