PSI Open Fluor CAM script for measuring qE component of NPQ in Chlorella vulgaris v1

This is a simple protocol that consists of 1) 10 minutes preillumination with far red light 2) 5 minutes of illumination with actinic light 3) 5 minutes of dark adaptation with far red light qE is calculated as the differe between NPQ_Lss and NPQ_D5 qE=NPQ_Lss-NPQ_D5 qI=NPQ_D5 Protocol to be used with FluorCAM 7.0 on a PSI Open FC 800-O/1010-S. Act 2 - are the white light LED arrays ADD2 - is the far red LED array Camera is placed at ~20 cm above the measured sample. Light intensity uniformity across the 96 well plate was measured according to manufacturer instructions. !Important - protocol only works under weak far red light. Intense far red will interfere with the fluorescence measurement.

The use of electronic tongue (e-tongue) as a simple and rapid method for honey authentication

A simple and rapid test for honey authentication is required particularly for the food industry to assure the quality of honey. The conventional methods for honey authentication are costly, requires a long waiting time to obtain results, requires highly skilled personnel, and is difficult in terms of sample preparation. The electronic tongue can be utilized as an alternative technique for honey authentication. The electronic tongue frameworks are depended on an array of sensors with low selectivity while being sensitive to several components in the measured sample. The signals gathered by the sensors are processed through pattern recognition tools to produce prediction models that permit the grouping of the samples and the measurement of a portion of their physicochemical properties. Papers that were published from 2015 to 2020 from several databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed were collected to obtain abstracts and original articles related to the authentication of honey-based on sugar content as well as geographical and botanical origin. This review highlighted the electronic tongue as a simple and rapid test for honey authentication, several original papers also compare the validity of electronic tongue with the high-performance liquid chromatography methods as the gold standard.

Multiband and multifunctional polarization converter using an asymmetric metasurface

A compact and asymmetric multi-band reflective polarization converter metasurface has been offered in this paper. The proposed simple converter can effectively convert an incident linearly polarized EM wave to its orthogonal counterpart and circular polarized waves (RHCP and LHCP) at two frequency bands. The design consists of a square with two curves on the top right and lower left corners and a square Split Ring Resonator (SRR) responsible for linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular polarization conversions, respectively. The simulated results show that the converter successfully transforms a y-polarized incident wave to its orthogonal counterpart in a frequency range of 15.5–16.5 GHz with unity conversion at 16 GHz and circularly-polarized (RHCP) wave at 13 GHz and (LHCP) at 18 GHz, verified through the fabricated and measured sample. Wide angular stability up to 60° oblique incidence along with high efficiency reveals the good applicability of the structure. Moreover, the root cause of the cross-polarization conversion has been analyzed and confirmed through Bi-Mode Foster equivalent circuit and surface current distribution as well. Finally, a fabricated prototype is tested to validate the simulated results through measurement.

Characterizing bulk rigidity of rigid red blood cell populations in sickle-cell disease patients

In this work, we utilized a parameterization model of ektacytometry to quantify the bulk rigidity of the rigid red blood cell (RBC) population in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Current ektacytometry techniques implement laser diffraction viscometry to estimate the RBC deformability in a whole blood sample. However, the diffraction measurement is an average of all cells present in the measured sample. By coupling an existing parameterization model of ektacytometry to an artificially rigid RBC model, we formulated an innovative system for estimating the average rigidity of the rigid RBC population in SCD blood. We demonstrated that this method could more accurately determine the bulk stiffness of the rigid RBC populations. This information could potentially help develop the ektacytometry technique as a tool for assessing disease severity in SCD patients, offering novel insights into the disease pathology and treatment.

Xylocarpus granatum Mangrove Fruit Extract and Sodium Alginate Extract Lotion as Potent Wound Treatment Medicine

A preliminary study to gauge the antimicrobial potency of Xylocarpus granatum mangrove fruit extract and sodium alginate extract against pathogenic microbe from the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lotions made of mangrove fruit extract (Sample 1) lotion and of a mixture of fruit extract and sodium alginate extract lotion (Sample 2) were topically tested on incision cut wound on mice abdominal area. The lotion was applied daily for five consecutive days. Observation on the test subjects were conducted to determine the rate of blood agglutination, tissue recovery rate, and fibroblast development rate using histology. The results showed that X. granatum extract lotion displayed significant antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic microbe species and did not show any conflict with the microbial activity found in sodium alginate lotion. Lotion adhesiveness test measured sample 1 at 0.26 seconds and sample two at 0.16 seconds. Both samples were shown to be oily in water. Subject observation showed blood coagulation on the first day, onset of tissue recovery on the second day and by the third day the wound had undergone complete tissue recovery. Observation on the fifth day showed that fibroblast tissue on the subject with sample 2 treatment was more solid than that with sample 1 treatment. It was concluded that the mix of X. granatum mangrove fruit and sodium alginate extracts showed most potency in wound treatment.Key words: X. granatum; incision wound; lotions; skin; histology; fibroblast.

Experiences on production - usage reasoned malfunctions & development of X-ray tubes used in science and their effects on sediment measurements

<p>Surface fractures at the filament of X-ray tube increase more with metal fatique or wrong cooling  and heating processes. Fractured filament continue to work as repeating open circuit positions in random times with  turning fully conductive state in short time. We are explaining how open circuit flashes at the filament providing wrong measurement results. Their low voltage electric circuit conductive problems  repeat in milliseconds periods. At  the results, it gives the impression of healthy measurement values. Because that the measured sample absorbs photonic energy and direct it to neighbouring elements in continuous element  electron scattering  circulations , by the way that delayed secondary electron energy scatters hide all electron supply extinctions on the semi broken flament wire and indirect counts  continue by the detector from coming reflection energy. ( real counts are not from exact beam  target of sample surface during energy deprivations , and it is impossible to understand that the measurement is inaccurate because it causes similarity as discrete element counts in sedimentation layers ).  Filament voltage arcs do not warn machine with error reporting systems until to whole ruptured filament touch to anode walls or their far displaced edges of 2 broken filament positioning. Erroneous records take their place in the world of science if the lithology was not followed. We collected faulty measurement data from our experiences for indicate when and  how possible to facing such as events.</p><p>For eliminate  explained reasons at above , the tubes must be gently heated and  cooled. Excessive cooling or heating of the tubes or oxid placement and leakeage  at gasget contacts reduces the surface contact areas of the insilators with the corrosion by  condensing water around the rubber insulation gasgets , it causes cooling liquid leakage or increasing humidity at the tube housing block via following serial failures of HV unit such as increasing amounts of the broken tube events. During the replacement of insulating gasgets, enough care should be taken for gasket contact points as oiling  them with  silicone grease as a form of the thin film. High responsibility must be with continuous  result control  and reference correlations on the scientific sample. With this way we can eliminate possible  negative results by malfunctions on measurements.</p>

Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Structural and Conductive Elements

In this publication, we describe the process of fabrication and the analysis of the properties of nanocomposite filaments based on carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer for fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing. Polymer granulate was mixed and extruded with a filling fraction of 0.99, 1.96, 4.76, 9.09 wt.% of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) to fabricate composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm. Detailed mechanical and electrical investigations of printed test samples were performed. The results demonstrate that CNT content has a significant influence on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of printed samples. Printed samples obtained from high CNT content composites exhibited an improvement in the tensile strength by 12.6%. Measurements of nanocomposites’ electrical properties exhibited non-linear relation between the supply voltage and measured sample resistivity. This effect can be attributed to the semiconductor nature of the CNT functional phase and the occurrence of a tunnelling effect in percolation network. Detailed I–V characteristics related to the amount of CNTs in the composite and the supply voltage influence are also presented. At a constant voltage value, the average resistivity of the printed elements is 2.5 Ωm for 4.76 wt.% CNT and 0.15 Ωm for 9.09 wt.% CNT, respectively. These results demonstrate that ABS/CNT composites are a promising functional material for FDM additive fabrication of structural elements, but also structural electronics and sensors.

Efek Magnetoimpedansi pada variasi Ketebalan lapisan Cu sampel Multilapisan [Ni80Fe20(800nm)/Cu (x)nm ]4 Substrat Cu-PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Magnetoimpedance (MI) effect was observed on multilayer samples [Ni80Fe20_(800)nm)/Cu_{(<strong>x</strong>)nm}]₄Cu-Printed Circuit Board substrates. The multilayer system was grown through an electrodeposition process by modifying thickness of the Cu layer. The MI effect was analyzed by means of an impedance test under an external magnetic field at low frequency 100 kHz. The results found that MI ratio increased ± 1.02 fold with the reduction Cu layer (800 nm until 0 nm) from 2.39% to 3.44%. This condition is believed by differences resistance of magnetic layer to conductive layer in the multilayers system. The measured sample resistance value is inversely proportional to the function of “x” as the thickness of the conductive layer. This means that the reduction conductive layer can be improve magnetic properties for a multilayer [Nife/Cu]_N system. The analysis calculation of the sensitivity value also shows the potential increase sample sensitivity to 0.9746% / mT.</p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> <em>Magnetoimpedansi (MI) telah diamati untuk sampel multilapisan [Ni80Fe20_(800)nm)/Cu_{(<strong>x</strong>)nm}]₄substrat Cu-Printed Circuit Board. Sistem multilapisan ditumbuhkan melalui proses elektrodeposisi dengan memodifikasi ketebalan lapisan Cu. Efek MI dianalisis melalui pengujian impedansi dibawah medan magnet luar pada frekuensi 100 kHz. Hasil uji ditemukan rasio MI meningkat ±1.02 kali lipat dengan berkurangnya lapisan Cu (800 nm sampai 0 nm) dari 2,39 % menjadi 3,44 %. Kondisi ini diyakini oleh adanya perbedaan resistensi lapisan magnetik dengan lapisan konduktif pada sistem multilapisan. Nilai resistensi sampel yang terukur berbanding terbalik terhadap fungsi <strong>x</strong> sebagai ketebalan lapisan konduktif. Artinya berkurangnya lapisan konduktif dapat meningkatkan sifat magnetik sampel untuk sistem multilapisan [Nife/Cu]_N. Analisa perhitungan nilai sensitifitas juga menunjukan potensi kenaikan sensitifitas sampel tertinggi sampai 0,9746 %/mT. </em></p>

Visit Probability in Space–Time Prisms Based on Binomial Random Walk

Space–time prisms are used to model the uncertainty of space–time locations of moving objects between (for instance, GPS-measured) sample points. However, not all space–time points in a prism are equally likely and we propose a simple, formal model for the so-called “visit probability” of space–time points within prisms. The proposed mathematical framework is based on a binomial random walk within one- and two-dimensional space–time prisms. Without making any assumptions on the random walks (we do not impose any distribution nor introduce any bias towards the second anchor point), we arrive at the conclusion that binomial random walk-based visit probability in space–time prisms corresponds to a hypergeometric distribution.