Leadership Styles and Psychological Empowerment: A Meta-Analysis

Psychological empowerment has become a popular construct in organizational research and practice. Leadership ranks high among the best predictors of employees’ psychological empowerment, yet little is known about which leadership styles prove more effective than others. This meta-analysis investigates the effects of four leadership styles on psychological empowerment. More specifically, we test whether empowering leadership evokes more psychological empowerment than transformational leadership, servant leadership, or transactional leadership. We found that empowering, transformational and servant leadership contribute almost equally to psychological empowerment. No relationship was found with transactional leadership. In an explorative manner, we tested the effects on the different dimensions of psychological empowerment. We found that the leadership styles had a weaker influence on the competence dimension of psychological empowerment. We also investigated the effects of several moderators on the relationships with psychological empowerment: country culture (power balanced freedom (PBF)), study design (cross-sectional vs. multi-wave studies) and publication status (published vs. unpublished). We found no moderating effects of culture, which indicates the universally empowering effects of the leadership styles. The relationships between leadership and empowerment were somewhat weaker when data were collected at different measurement points, and publication bias does not seem to be an issue in this research field.

Follow the Guidance of Marxism and Uphold Cultural Confidence in Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Culture prospers the country, culture strengthens the nation, and culture is the foundation for a nation to settle down and live. Taking Marxism as the theoretical source of socialist cultural confidence with Chinese characteristics; Occupy the ideological and cultural position with Marxist culture; We should adhere to the confident guidance of Marxism on socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, inherit the fine traditional Chinese culture, explore the values of The Times, adhere to cultural openness, and exchange and learn from all rivers. We will promote the flourishing of socialist culture.

Adolescents and society

In the paper I touched on such a painful and necessary issue as upbringing, adolescence and society.The issue of upbringing occupies a special place in Georgian pedagogical thinking. It starts with Georgian folk pedagogy and ends with modernity.The merit of the Georgian chronicle writers in the formation of the Georgian national consciousness is also important.If not Georgian thinking in the 60-s of the nineteenth century , Georgia would probably not be what we have today. There was not a single issue related to the country, culture, education, so that he does not think, care and do not decide this issue based on the goals of the country and the people.“We belonged to ourselves” said Georgian chronicle writers and they really brought freedom back to the nation. All this continued in the Georgian society. In his morals, intellect and this power lives my country so weak today.When we talk about upbringing, we attach great importance to moral upbringing. This is the same morality or how a person should live.

Interactions between Culture, Regulatory Structure, and Information Privacy across countries

We analyze the relationships between country culture and country regulatory structure pertaining to information privacy concerns (IPC) in the context of social media applications. Drawing on prior research we develop a framework that integrates country culture and country regulatory structure and use it as the basis for a study that contrasts samples of 1086 professionals drawn from four countries – United States, United Kingdoms, India and Hong Kong – to assess effects of national culture and of a nation’s regulatory structure on IPC, attitudinal beliefs about information privacy and professionals’ behavioral reactions to IPC. We find that country culture has a strong bearing on explaining differences in individuals’ IPC concerns, attitudinal beliefs about privacy, and behavioral reactions to privacy much more than does country regulatory structure. Country culture remains a significant factor in the management of information privacy. The results also show that country regulatory structure remains deficient in allaying individuals’ concerns pertaining to information privacy.

Interactions Between Culture, Regulatory Structure, and Information Privacy Across Countries

We analyze the relationships between country culture and country regulatory structure pertaining to information privacy concerns (IPC) in the context of social media applications. Drawing on prior research we develop a framework that integrates country culture and country regulatory structure and use it as the basis for a study that contrasts samples of 1086 professionals drawn from four countries – United States, United Kingdoms, India and Hong Kong – to assess effects of national culture and of a nation’s regulatory structure on IPC, attitudinal beliefs about information privacy and professionals’ behavioral reactions to IPC. We find that country culture has a strong bearing on explaining differences in individuals’ IPC concerns, attitudinal beliefs about privacy, and behavioral reactions to privacy much more than does country regulatory structure. Country culture remains a significant factor in the management of information privacy. The results also show that country regulatory structure remains deficient in allaying individuals’ concerns pertaining to information privacy.

Resource possibilities of military sports games in patriotic education

Patriotic education is one of the priority tasks of the state and in modern conditions is of exceptional importance, due to a number of factors and society's requirements for the personality of a citizen-patriot. Such personality characteristics as initiative, love for the Fatherland, ability to participate in public life, readiness to defend the Motherland become necessary for the development and prosperity of the state. The effectiveness of patriotic education of student youth depends in part on the choice of modern forms and methods of education. Thus, there is a need to use modern methodological tools that will form and develop these characteristics. One such tool is military sports, which have a powerful potential in educating patriotism. The effectiveness of military-patriotic sports games in patriotic education is confirmed by increasing the level of patriotic education of participants, expanding the knowledge needed by a citizen-patriot, the formation of skills important for future defenders of Ukraine. This form of work stimulates the interest of student youth in patriotic activities, awakens the desire to develop and improve themselves. The use of military sports games in the practice of patriotic education contributes to the expansion of the arsenal of forms and methods of work in the activities of educational institutions and children's public organizations and increases the effectiveness of educational influences. Such games help to further motivate and interest children and students to study the history of their country, culture and traditions, understanding values, understanding the importance of defending the Fatherland, the importance of participation in the life of every citizen. their ability to test themselves in different roles, to show responsibility, to develop physical and moral qualities.

Substantial Personal Traits That Distinguish Entrepreneurs

Personality traits are believed to be born with each individual, but there is a greater possibility of developing such required skills with dedicated effort and trainings. Skills which are at high demand for an entrepreneur is very much subjective due to various factors such as the personal views, context of the industry, country, culture, and many other factors. This paper investigates about such substantial personal traits that distinguish entrepreneurs from others, using recent publications. It also analyzes some articles publicly available on personal traits of entrepreneurs and share the most popular traits an entrepreneur would need to stay on top of his role. The findings from literature review about entrepreneur characteristics argues out that, some traits are important regardless of the factors or the background of an entrepreneur is operating.

Identity and the Language in NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names

Humans have been migrating for centuries. This paper tries to delineate the formation of hybrid identities using the transnational theory of migration in a postcolonial context. Throughout the colonial and the postcolonial history, the voices of migrant experiences have been overlooked. They had accepted their position as silent spectators to their own stories without a voice, without opinion and without choice. Their Silence was being read as a form of acceptance and approval without delving much into the social, political and economic milieu of the era. This paper aims at understanding the dynamics of language and the choice of the migrant community to rise above their status as silenced subjects and oppressed people and share their experiences. It intends to explore the language differences and the search for an identity in NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names which tells the story of a diasporic African teenager who tries to grapple with the host country culture while still holding to the memories of her homeland and a yearning to go back home. The paper tries to understand the search and development of a hybrid and transnational identity of the migrant.