Enhanced Data Privacy Using Vertical Fragmentation and Data Anonymization Techniques

The use of online net banking official sites has been rapidly increased now a days. In online transaction attackers need only little information to steal the private information of bank users and can do any kind of fraudulent activities. One of the major drawbacks of commercial losses in online banking is fraud detected by credit card fraud detection system, which has a significant impact on clients. Fraudulent transactions will be discovered after the transaction is completed in the existing novel privacy models. As a result, in this paper, three level server systems are implemented to partition the intermediate gateway with better security. User details, transaction details and account details are considered as sensitive attributes and stored in separate database. And also data suppression scheme to replace the string and numerical characters into special symbols to overcome the traditional cryptography schemes is implemented. The Quasi-Identifiers are hidden by using Anonymization algorithm so that the transactions can be done efficiently.

Geomorphological analysis of alluvial relief forms of the Kur-Araz lowland

Based on the analysis of space images, it was determined that accumulative landforms prevail in the Kur-Araz lowland and in the foothills. Analysis of images taken at different times shows that these areas are types and subtypes of accumulative plains belonging to completely different genetic types. Key words: Arg GİS, horizontal fragmentation map, vertical fragmentation map

Commentary on morphometric map of characteristic features of relief surface in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The article discusses the features of surface fragmentation in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. For this purpose, vertical and horizontal fragmentation maps of the area were compiled using Arg GIS technology. The maps were visually analyzed. At the same time, a table was compiled based on the quantitative indicators obtained during the mapping. In this table, quantitative indicators have been replaced by appropriate quality indicators. Here, five quality indicators were obtained for horizontal fragmentation and four for vertical fragmentation. Quality indicators will help to obtain more detailed information about the area. Key words. Arg GİS, horizontal fragmentation map, vertical fragmentation map

Message Sent, Now What? A Critical Analysis of the Heat Action Plan in Ahmedabad, India

To protect public health, heat-related policies are increasingly being adopted by city authorities to address the unequal impact of heatwaves. Ahmedabad’s Heat Action Plan (HAP) is an acclaimed and successful policy response in India and beyond. While the pilot evaluation of the initiative suggests that almost a thousand deaths were avoided annually after its implementation, it is not yet clear whose lives were saved, and to what extent this statistic was due to the HAP, rather than other factors. By reviewing the published and grey literature centering on the HAP target groups, outreach strategies, and impacts on urban services, this paper points out major knowledge gaps concerning the potentials and impacts of the HAP, which may lead to the systematical exclusion of vulnerable and disadvantaged groups from the intended benefits. In this paper, it is argued that the effectiveness and inclusiveness of the HAP predominantly depend on its integration into urban development projects, which is a challenging task given the existing horizontal and vertical fragmentation in the planning of city projects. Moreover, urban plans and policies, including the HAP, are shown to be overly focused on technology, and as a consequence, they do not realize their limited scope in addressing the associated issues, which are fundamentally social, deep, and structural, such as spatial inequality in Indian cities.

Eras

Chapter 3 introduces a second dyadic pair of era influences: organizations and technology. Building on Bodrožić and Adler’s ‘The Evolution of Management Models: A Neo- Schumpeterian Theory’ (2017), the chapter traces the evolution of technology and business models over time, along with their spatial organization. The interplay between organizations and technology has profoundly influenced how developing countries have become integrated into the global economy since the late 1980s. The Fordist corporation was transformed through vertical fragmentation and horizontal integration, creating the information and communication technology–enabled network model, organized spatially through global value chains. This model is currently undergoing further transformation as the ‘digital economy’ moves through its revolutionizing and balancing cycles, and as key actors signal a retreat from trade.

Popular Reactions To External Threats in Federations

Exogenous threats pose a formidable coordination challenge to federations, as they compel governments at all levels to cooperate to prevent a collective risk. As the vertical fragmentation of powers complicates a coordinated response, we here argue that the central government becomes the focal point of the solution. In search of a more effective response against the threat, citizens coordinate their preferences around the centralization of authority boundaries in the federation. We test this argument using an on-line survey experiment in Spain, a country where the threat caused by COVID-19 has operated on top of non-negligible internal threats. The empirical analysis shows that exposure to vertical coordination failures prompt citizens to support a centralized redrawing of authority boundaries, though this effect is importantly conditioned by respondents’ ideology and territorial preferences. Our findings suggest that shocks may represent turning points for the stability of federations, as citizens demands for a redrawing of authority might be followed by beneficial or opportunistic adjustments of authority.