Macrofungi Cultivation in Shady Forest Areas Significantly Increases Microbiome Diversity, Abundance and Functional Capacity in Soil Furrows

Cultivating macrofungi is an important management measure to develop economy in shady forest areas; however, its effect on soil ecology, especially microbial abundance and structure, remains insufficiently studied. Herein, in a subtropical forestland, soil chemical and enzyme analyses, metagenomic sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to evaluate the impact of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation on soil microbiomes in three niches: soil below fungal beds, soil from furrows, and control forest soil with no influence from mushroom cultivation. Nutrients were accumulated in the soil below fungal beds with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOC, total C, total N, available P, and the activities of glucosidase and cellobiosidase. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and PERMANOVA results indicated that the structure of the microbiomes had been significantly (p < 0.05) shaped among the different niches. Soil furrows were microbial hotspots characterized by the higher microbial diversity and richness. Moreover, the increased microbiome abundance (assessed through qPCR) and the high number of significant stimulated functional types (based on MetaCyc genome database) indicated an enhanced functional capacity in furrows. Together, these results provide a comprehensive understanding of the microbial assemblies and the differently influenced soil properties in mushroom cultivation areas.

Problems of Transformation of Household Savings into Investments

In modern conditions, searching for investment sources to develop economy is very relevant. The authors of the article focus on household savings as one of the most significant sources of investment, seeing that their investment function is not fully implemented in modern Russian practice. The article represents a dynamic study of population savings for over the past ten years and identifies the reasons for their decline. The authors analyze changes in the structure of savings and their investment directions and come to the conclusion about their inefficient use due to the predominance of passive ways of savings and insufficient use of the opportunities of a stock market. It is also determined the reasons that prevent the transformation of these savings into investments and the ways for solving these problems. The article considers an individual investment account as the most promising investment mode which is getting more and more popular. A special role in the transformation of household savings is assigned to the state, which must create the necessary conditions and provide access to the tools of the stock market for a large number of private investors.

New Approaches to Rural Development in Russia

As many other countries, Russia suffers from fast depopulation of rural areas and decline of rural economy. For years, the state policy for mitigate negative consequences of these processes was considering agriculture as the main pillar of rural development and most of governmental finding was oriented to its support. Recently, the new state strategy for rural development was formulated, and in 2019 an ambitious national program approved. It assumes different options for rural territories to develop economy and achieve welfare, depending on natural and human resources availability, remoteness and other features. The paper presents a review of the current state of rural areas of the Russian Federation. It focuses on the main issues the countryside faces at the national level and also reveals regional differences in rural development. The study is based mainly on the author’s analysis of national statistical data sources, including the Russian Agricultural census of 2016, and the results of conducted survey. Possible effects of the measures of the new state policy of rural development such as encouraging community-based initiatives and promotion of housing construction through preferential rural mortgage loans programs are analysed. Finally, the authors provide a brief description of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural development in Russia and attempt to forecast its further implications.

Research on the operation of cultural capital in regional economy Take Xijiang in Guizhou as an example

In the process of globalization, the integration of world tourism is becoming more and more obvious. With the rapid development of China’s tourism industry, Tourism in many provinces and cities has become a pillar industry or key industry, The various risks it faces are also gradually highlighted. Driven by regional economy, the capitalization operation of national culture is considered to be an effective way to protect national culture and develop economy in ethnic areas. However, national culture has brought many social problems in the process of concrete operation. This paper discusses the realistic dilemma of cultural capitalization in the tourism development of Miao villages in Xijiang, This paper points out that only by clarifying the relationship between the stakeholders in the operation of cultural capital and further clarifying the marketing strategy of cultural capital operation can we ensure the sustainable development of national culture capitalization.

Research on the Historical and Regional Cultural Elements in Cityscapes of Yili, Xinjiang

Xinjiang, since it became affiliated with the central plain dynasty once again in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, has been committed to city building and construction in batches, aiming to reinforce military defense and develop economy through reclaiming outlying wasteland. Yili is a area of renown in history that remains geographically essential to the military defense of China’s northwestern border. Starting from its regional culture, this paper analyzes the cultural elements incorporated in its historical cityscape planning, which principally encompass geographical landmarks, ethnicities, religions among other cultural landscapes, and elucidates the necessity of integrating regional culture and landscape design, in an attempt to furnish approaches to exploring and carrying forward traditional regional culture, preserving cultural landscapes unique to this area, and displaying the peculiar enchantment.

Isolation of Cellulosic Material from Agro-wastes and their Derivatization

Isolation of cellulosic materials from agricultural wastes such as skin of various fruits have been carried out. Isolated cellulosic materials have been converted into their acetate and carboxymethyl cellulose derivatives. The derivatives have been characterized by titrimetric method, pH- titration and FT-IR spectroscopy. The characteristic features of these derivatives suggest the possibilities of their commercial utilization. Hence, this will reduce the environmental pollution and help to develop economy of the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v63i1.21767 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 63(1): 43-46, 2015 (January)

Multiresolution Network Temporal and Spatial Scheduling Model of Scenic Spot

Tourism is one of pillar industries of the world economy. Low-carbon tourism will be the mainstream direction of the scenic spots' development, and theωpath of low-carbon tourism development is to develop economy and protect environment simultaneously. However, as the tourists' quantity is increasing, the loads of scenic spots are out of control. And the instantaneous overload in some spots caused the image phenomenon of full capacity of the whole scenic spot. Therefore, realizing the real-time schedule becomes the primary purpose of scenic spot’s management. This paper divides the tourism distribution system into several logically related subsystems and constructs a temporal and spatial multiresolution network scheduling model according to the regularity of scenic spots’ overload phenomenon in time and space. It also defines dynamic distribution probability and equivalent dynamic demand to realize the real-time prediction. We define gravitational function between fields and takes it as the utility of schedule, after resolving the transportation model of each resolution, it achieves hierarchical balance between demand and capacity of the system. The last part of the paper analyzes the time complexity of constructing a multiresolution distribution system.

Understanding and Implementation of Green GDP in China

The concept and background of green GDP was described and successful experiences in foreign countries were introduced that give cities in China much enlightenment according to the concept of green GDP and successful experiences, and when many cities such as Hanchuan city in China develop economy environmental cost is considered that benefit to economy and society sustainable development.

Research on Countermeasures Used in Low-Carbon Economy to Promote the Sustainable Development in Fujian Province of China

Low-carbon economy is a new path which our country is taking to develop economy. As one of the provinces in the southeast coast of China, Fujian develop a low-carbon economy directly relating to the transformation of its economic growth, conservation of energy, improvement of productivity, innovation of technology and so on. We can say that the development of low-carbon economy directly affects the sustainable development of economy and society in Fujian province of China. Therefore, firstly, we believe that government and enterprise should optimize the allocation of resource and improve the utilization of resource. Secondly, the tax policies are supposed to adjust to stimulate the development of environmental protection industry. Thirdly, government should accelerate the construction of infrastructures. Fourthly, the legal system needs to be built and perfected so as to promote the development of low-carbon economy. At last, the investment of techniques is supposed to increase to a certain degree, and the ability of innovation and management of enterprises should be promoted to adapt the development of low-carbon economy of Fujian province.