Importances zootechniques et parasites internes des porcs de race locale (Sus crofa domesticus) élevés au Bénin: synthèse bibliographique

En Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin, l’élevage du porc constitue une activité génératrice de revenu. Toutefois, les acteurs de ce secteur sont confrontés à de nombreuses difficultés dont le parasitisme qui entraîne une baisse de production et de productivité. Le présent travail a pour but de faire une revue de littérature sur les parasites qui affectent l’élevage des porcs en Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin. De l’analyse des données collectées, il ressort que trois types d’élevage sont pratiqués au Bénin : l’élevage traditionnel, prédominant et pratiqué à 65%, l’élevage semi-intensif ou semi moderne à 32% et enfin l’élevage intensif ou moderne à 3%. L’amélioration des conditions d’élevage et particulièrement l’alimentation du porc indigène d’Afrique est favorable à l’expression de son potentiel zootechnique. Malgré l’optimalisation des rations, les performances zootechniques du porc local restent encore faibles par rapport à celles des races améliorées. Très peu d’étude sont abordé la prévalence des parasites internes du porc au plan national, mais parmi les parasites rapportés, on a noté : Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, le genre Hyostrongylus et d'autres parasites internes du porc. Il s’impose de mener une étude sur les parasites du porc au Bénin afin de déterminer la prévalence des différents parasites et le danger que ces derniers représentent pour le développement de cette filière. English title: Zootechnical importance and internal parasites of local pigs (Sus crofa domesticus) raised in Benin: bibliographic synthesis In Africa, and particularly in Benin, pig farming is an income-generating activity. However, the actors of this sector are confronted with many difficulties, including parasitism which leads to a decrease in production and productivity. The aim of this study is to review the literature on parasites affecting pig farming in Africa, articularly in Benin. From the analysis of the data collected, it appears that three types of livestock production are practised in Benin: traditional livestock production, which is predominant and practised at 65%, semi-intensive or semi-modern livestock production at 32% and finally intensive or modern livestock production at 3%. The improvement of breeding conditions and particularly the feeding of the indigenous African pig is favorable to the expression of its zootechnical potential. Despite the optimization of rations, the zootechnical performance of local pigs is still low compared to that of improved breeds. Very few studies have addressed the prevalence of internal parasites of pigs at the national level, but among the parasites reported were: Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, the genus Hyostrongylus and other internal parasites of pigs. It is necessary to conduct a study on pig parasites in Benin in order to determine the prevalence of the different parasites and the danger that they represent for the development of this sector.

The growth rate of repair young pigs of Irish origin, depending on the combination of the original breeds

The article studied the growth dynamics of purebred and local gilts from birth to 180 days of age. The growth rate of these animals during the rearing period and the regularities of the difference in the growth rate of purebred and local pigs were also investigated. The uneven growth dynamics of both purebred and local replacement gilts has been established. The pigs obtained from the direct and reverse variants of crossbreeding of parental breeds grew more dynamically in comparison with their peers obtained from the purebred variant of breeding of the original breeds. Among purebred gilts, by weaning, the live weight of the Landrace breed increased more dynamically, while after weaning, the animals of the large white breed stood out with a greater intensity increase in live weight. Local gilts did not have a significant difference in the increase in live weight depending on the crossing option, although there was a tendency for a higher increase in live weight with age in pigs from Large White queens and Landrace boars compared to the reciprocal crossing option. During the period of rearing gilts, the highest growth rates were observed in local sows, both from the direct and reverse variants of crossing the animals of the original breeds. Purebred animals of both original breeds were inferior in growth intensity during the period of breeding to their local counterparts 3.0 – 6.3%. Among purebred animals, the least intensive growth during the period of breeding was the Landrace pigs, which were inferior in these indicators to the analogs of the Large White breed by 3.2%, and to the local pigs of both combinations by 6.3%. The advantages in live weight of local replacement gilts are due to their greater growth intensity in the period from weaning to testing at 180 days, which in turn is due to various forms of heterosis manifestation. Key words: mumps, parent breeds, purebred breeding, crossing, heterosis, live weight, growth rate.

The Eruption Patterns of The Teeth of Nigerian Local Pigs. Part 1: Profile of Deciduous Teeth

Background: The pigs, domesticated about 6000 years ago, are highly prolific omnivores belonging to the Family Suidae and Order artiodactyla along with their other hooved counterparts. They qualify as models for various translational research studies (including dental studies) because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. There is however a dearth of information as regards the deciduous dental eruption profile (sequence and timing of eruption) of the Nigerian local pigs (NLP). This study was designed to determine the deciduous eruption profile in the NLP to assist in the management of the breed and in a bid to making the NLP more obvious as suitable animal models in dental research. A total of 51 healthy piglets (from postnatal day 1) were used for this. Their oral cavities were examined every other day for 29 weeks for signs of dental eruption. Looking at Mandibular (Md) and Maxillar (Mx) eruptions for Incisors (I), Canines(C), Premolars (P) and Molars (M), the modular sequence in the NIP was Md/ Mx I3(at birth), C (at birth) →Md I1→Md P3→MxP3 →MxI1 → Md I2 →MdP4 →MxP4 →MxP2→ Md I2 →MxI2 . Result: It was observed that variations in eruption timing exist amongst individuals and sexes while variation in eruption sequence exists between NLP and various breeds of pigs based on the literature.Conclusion: The results of this study will be particularly important to farmers, and researchers into NLP especially those using pigs in Nigeria as a model for translation research.

Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Performance of Local and Exotic Pigs

AN experiment involving 30 Local and 30 Large White pigs was conducted to study the effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on rate and efficiency of gain, carcass and bone characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Rate and efficiency of gain and carcass quality were not significantly different among local pigs fed varying levels of calcium and phosphorus when the same calcium; phos-phorus (Ca : P) ratio was maintained at all dietary levels. In contrast, exotic pigs receiving similar diets had a significant improvement in rate of gain. Dietary calcium and phosphorus levels affected metacarpal length, weight and also metacarpal and turbinate ash in both breeds. Growth rate and carcass quality of local pigs were however, lower than those of exotic pigs on similar diets .

Ectoparasites of Local Pigs in Western Nigeria

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African Swine Fever (ASF): Threat of Excintion to Nias Local Pig Farm

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a disease that infects pigs. Common symptoms caused by ASF attacks on pigs are bleeding in the feces and ears as well as sudden weakness of livestock, unable to stand, and death of livestock. ASF virus is not zoonotic so it does not affect human health. This virus has entered Indonesian territory, including the Nias Island, where most of the people cultivate local pigs. The ASF outbreak on local pigs in Nias resulted in the death of many pigs. This paper discusses the spread and death of local pigs due to ASF attacks in Nias. Data compiled from the field and the Animal Husbandry Office in 2020 in the Nias islands, it is known that the pigs that died due to the ASF outbreak reached 120,592 a pigs. Meanwhile, the fact found are that the handling of infected pigs cannot be done optimally, because until now, effective treatment and vaccination for the treatment and prevention of ASF infection has not been found. Therefore, in order to prevent the spread of the plague from becoming more widespread, the current methods that can be applied are the application of biosecurity in the cattle sheds, isolation of infected livestock and the role of the government in regulating the entry and exit route for pigs in the Nias region.