Preparation and properties of an aromatic polyamide fibre derived from a bio-based furan acid chloride

A high-molecular-weight aromatic polyamide resin incorporating furan-rings (f-resin) was prepared by low-temperature solution polycondensation of bio-based 2,5-furandiformyl chloride and 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, in N,N-dimethylacetamide. Further, an aromatic polyamide fibre containing furan-rings (f-fibre) was obtained from the fresin by dry-jet wet spinning, and its structure and properties were investigated. The prepared f-resin showed good solubility and possessed good spinnability in solution. The mechanical, heat-resistance, and flame-retardant properties of the f-fibre were found to be excellent – comparable to or exceeding those of meta-aramid fibre (m-fibre). In addition, the furan acid chloride monomer is bio-based and is derived from abundant resources, unlike petroleum-based monomers. Therefore, f-fibre has good potential and broad application prospects as an environment-friendly and sustainable high-performance material.

A new economical technique for dyeing polyamide fibre/nanoclay composite with basic dye

Purpose This work aims to increase the dyeability of nylon 6 with basic dyeing through the treatment of the fibre with available and cheap nanomaterials, namely; nano bentonite using an economic and simple method. Design/methodology/approach Different amounts of nano clay, namely, nano bentonite were dispersed in distilled water using an ultrasonic homogenizer for 1 h. Nylon fabrics were treated with different concentrations of dispersed nano bentonite (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% wt/v). After half an hour, the samples were padded using SVETEMA laboratory padding system. The padding pressure was adjusted at 3 bar to allow a pickup of 100%. The padded samples were dried at 80°C for 5 min and cured at 160°C for 3 min using ROACHES laboratory thermos-fixation. The cured samples were then washed with running water and left to dry at room temperature. Findings The obtained results indicated that the modification of polyamide 6 fibres with nano bentonite had a great impact on their dyeing properties. The obtained shades, absorption behaviour and fastness properties were significantly enhanced. Based on these results, it was concluded that polyamide fabrics could be successfully dyed with basic dyes using economical dyeing conditions. Originality/value This paper introduces a new method the loaded the nano-clay on the synthetic fibres, which are nylon 6 to enhance the dyeability with cationic dyes using the physical method without changing the structure of the fibres.

Mechanical Behaviour of Cement Concrete using Fibres

Concrete is the most used material for the construction in the modern time of infrastructures. Concrete is strong in compression but it is weak in tension and shear. To minimise those problems, fibres were introduced in concrete to enhance its tensile strength and shear strength. In my present investigation, the mechanical properties of fibres reinforced concrete are studied by using steel fibre, glass fibre and polyamide fibre with a different weight fraction of fibres with respect to cement. The mix design of M25 concrete with W/C ratio of 0.42 is prepared and total thirteen mixes included one control mix was prepared and tested in the laboratory. The total quantity of fibres mixed in the concrete are in order of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 2.25% by weight of cement and one mix contains 0.33% of glass fibre, 0.33% of steel fibre and 0.33% of polyamide. The study shows that the mixed fibres provide better properties in controlling cracks and high strengths than single fibre and concrete without fibre. On increasing the percentage of fibres beyond 1.5%, the strength of the concrete matrix decrease due to mat form of fibres or non-uniform distribution of fibres and also decrease due to non-cohesiveness of the concrete particle to each other.

Automatic Artificial Hair Implant: Safety and Efficacy in Androgenetic Alopecia. A Prospective Study with a Highly Biocompatible Fiber

AIM: A multi - centre two years the long prospective open clinical study was conducted in five countries located in four different continents from May 2015 to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Automatic Biofibre hair implant in male and female androgenetic alopecia. Biofibre®is a CE/TGA certified medical grade polyamide fibre suitable for implantation.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 213 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were assessed pre -operatively by Hamilton scale grading and the percentage of scalp covered by hair. All the patients underwent Biofibre hair implantation by a standardised surgical technique followed by adequate post-operative care. Efficacy of the implant was evaluated by surgeons and patients bimonthly for the first year and trimonthly during the second year. Any adverse effects were recorded during these visits.RESULTS: At the completion of the study period, a total of 194 patients concluded the trial and the results were statistically evaluated. Both Hamilton scale grading and covered area percent improved at the end of the study, and subjective and objective evaluations revealed satisfactory results. Side effects were reported in only 18 cases (9.27%) which were easily controlled by either topical or systemic treatment in 8 to 10 days.CONCLUSION: Overall a successful result was noticed in 97.94% of patients with great psychological satisfaction.

Dyeing of polyamide fibre with cochineal natural dye

Purpose The aim of the paper was to study the effects of mordanting methods on the absorption behaviour of cochineal natural dye on polyamide fibres. Design/methodology/approach Iron sulphate and aluminium potassium sulphate salts were used as mordanting agents, and bottom mordanting, meta-mordanting and after mordanting methods were applied in the dyeing of polyamide samples with the cochineal natural dye. Colourimetric evaluations were carried out, and the principal component analysis was used to investigate the spectrophotometric properties of the dyed samples. Fastness properties of the dyed samples were also assessed. Findings The obtained results indicate that the method of mordanting has a great effect on the obtained shades, absorption behaviour and fastness properties. Based on the results, it was concluded that polyamide fabrics could be successfully dyed with cochineal and combination of dyeing with different mordanting methods, and different mordanting agents would develop the range of obtainable shades. Originality/value The textile and apparel industries have been widely criticised for their role in polluting the environment. So, the use of synthetic dyes has been limited and the use of natural dyes has increased. The literature survey indicates that there have been relatively few works investigating the dyeing of polyamide with cochineal natural dye. This research studies the effects of mordanting methods and mordant types on colourimetric and fastness properties of cochineal-dyed polyamide samples.

Manufacturing of amber particles suitable for composite fibre melt spinning

Polyamide fibre containing amber particles was fabricated. The amber particles were obtained by grinding technology using planetary ball-mills. Scanning electron microscopy and granulometry testing were used to characterise the structure and the size of prepared amber particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyse the chemical structure of the amber particles. The amber particles were characterised with average size up to 3 μm. The chemical composition of amber before and after the grinding remained unchanged. The amber particles were melt-extruded using polyamide 6 as the matrix. Melt spinning processing was used to fabricate polyamide-amber filaments. Pre-oriented yarns and fully drawn yarns were obtained after hotdrawing experiments. Reported experimental findings of amber composite fibre could be important for textile applications.