SOLID MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT COSTS BETWEEN OUTSOURCING AND SELF-MANAGED SYSTEM AT HOSPITAL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Health service programs aim to improve the level of society’s health. On one side, it will give benefit public health, and on the other side, it will have a bad impact if the process is not managed appropriately. Health service activities produces wastes, one of which is solid waste. It is important to know the problem related to the process and cost of the solid medical waste management, which is part of the B3 wastes (hazardous and toxic wastes). The B3 waste management is under the supervision of public health facilities which have the security and cost responsibilities. The costs include investment cost, maintenance cost, cooperation cost or cost of the third-hand management, and consumable cost. This study compares solid medical waste cost between outsourcing systems and self-management systems in the X hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses descriptive research in a qualitative approach through observation, document review, and cost calculation for data collection. The study results show that the process of solid medical waste management has been running well. In addition, self-managed solid medical waste management is cheaper than outsourcing management.

PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE TOWARDS CHILDREN’S DENTAL AND ORAL HYGIENE

Dental and oral hygiene problem is the leading cause of daily activities disruption in children such as missing school, bad learning concentration, appetite and nutritional intake. Knowledge of dental and oral hygiene should be given at early age in family by the parents. The aim of our work was to determine relationship between parents’ knowledge and dental hygiene of the SDLB children (children with special needs). We undertook this research with analytical survey. A cross-sectional design was carried out. The sampling method was total sampling namely parents of children with special needs and the children as many as 80 people. Chi-Square test was performed to analyze the data. The results show that the knowledge of parents about dental and oral hygiene is not good (85%), while the dental and oral hygiene in children with special needs is poor (85%). Based on the Chi-Square Test, it produces a p-value of sig (2-sided) = 0.002 in the test, so it can obtain a p-value (probability value) from the test (p = 0.002 = 0.05) so that Ho is rejected. In conclusion, a relationship between parental knowledge and oral hygiene in children with special needs does exist.

TECHNICAL SKILLS OVERWHELMING SOCIAL SKILLS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING ON TEACHING METHODS

The teaching of occupational health nursing (OHN) requires an emphasis on which one should be dominant between technical and social domain, as practiced in the industrial health care services. The purpose of this research is determine which skill domain is more dominant between technical and social skills in the OHN teaching-learning system. This type of study is quantitative approach with cross-sectional study design. The populations were nursing students, nursing practitioners, and nursing lecturers. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling taken online with a sample size of 130 respondents of Indonesian nurses in Indonesia. The data collection tool used a mixed questionnaire in a Likert Scale based on the Health Belief Model theory. The data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test to see whether the results of this study were dominated by the technical or social skills domain. The validity and reliability test was carried out with a sample of 30 people. They were measured by looking at the r table and the Cronbach alpha value for each questionnaire statement, using the SPSS application with the Pearson Product Moment test. The T-Test result of SPSS shows 95 respondents (73.1%), perceived technical skills dominate the OHN work in industry, and 35 respondents (26.9%) in social skills, with a p-value of 0.000. In other words, the dominance of technical skills has a very close association to the teaching-learning system. The need for technical skills is much more dominant than social skills. OHN teaching needs to have an emphasis on technical skills, not the social domain.

PERCEPTIONS OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINES FOR SELF-MEDICATION AMONG PEOPLE IN DIENG PLATEAU CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Traditional medicines are commonly used in the community. One type of traditional medicines that is popular among people is "jamu". "Jamu" can be made from plants, animals, minerals, or a mixture of them that has been used for generations based on empiric experience. This study aimed to describe perceptions of the use of traditional medicines for self-medication among people in Dieng Plateau, Kejajar, Wonosobo, Central Java Province. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Respondents were adults more than 18 years old who had experience in using traditional medicines and were selected with non-random accidental sampling. Thirty-one (31) respondents signed informed consent. Data were collected using an interview guideline and analyzed using enumerative approach. Most of the respondents used traditional medicines for self-medication one to five times a month. They expressed that traditional medicine is like "Jamu", primarily liquid, with limited or no side effects. Traditional medicine was mostly obtained from local groceries at affordable prices. Most of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the use of traditional medicines. They have the willingness to use traditional medicines to deal with their symptoms or minor illnesses. Their satisfaction experience in using traditional medicine will motivate them to do so in the future. Based on the results, it can be said that traditional medicines have an important role in the health care system particularly for self-medication.

ESTIMATION OF HYPERTENSION RISK FROM LIFESTYLE FACTORS IN COASTAL POPULATIONS

The prevalence of hypertension in coastal areas was still high between 2007 and 2018 with the highest prevalence in 2007 at 53.3%. The purpose of this research was to analyze the prediction of hypertension based on the determinants of the lifestyle of the coastal population. The type of this research is using cross-sectional research design, with a total sample of 210 people in the coastal area of Medan Belawan. The data were collected using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire, body mass index measurement using a manual weight balance and a stature meter and blood pressure using an sphygmomanometer aneroid. The selection of candidates as predictive variables is carried out by chi-square test analysis, followed by multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression test and the formulation model to find predictions hypertension, namely age ≥ 45 years has a 3.040 times greater risk of suffering from hypertension than age 45 years (p = 0.001; 95% CI = 1.549-5.966) and obesity nutritional status has a large 2.284 times greater risk of suffering from hypertension than nutritional status was not obese (p = 0.028; 95% CI = 1.091-4.780). The results of the calculation of the probability from the modeling, it is found that if a person is ≥ 45 years old and has a nutritional status of obesity, the probability of suffering hypertension is 99.99%.

POTENTIAL OF JAMBLANG (Syzygium cumini L.) LEAF EXTRACT ON BODY WEIGHT OF WISTAR RATS METABOLIC SYNDROME MODEL

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) leaves contain several phytochemical compounds. These phytochemicals are thought to have roles as antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant agents. This study aims to prove that there is an effect of giving ethanolic extract of jamblang leaves on body weight (BW) of metabolic syndrome (MS) Wistar rats induced by high-fat high-fructrose diet (HFFD) and injection of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Nicotinamide (Na), to determine different doses effect on the weight of Wistar rats. Laboratory experimental research with pre-post test control group. Samples were 8 weeks male Wistar (Rattus noverigicus) weighing 150-200 grams chosen by purposive random sampling method. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Normal group, metabolic syndrome group, 3 treatment groups MS were given jamblang leaf extract 100 mg/KgBW, 150mg/KgBW, 200mg/KgBW for 28 days. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and repeated ANOVA test. The study showed an ethanolic extract of Jamblang leaves can reduce weight loss in Wistar rats with a metabolic syndrome model, and that the best dose used in this experiment is 150 mg/kgBW per day in Wistar rats with a metabolic syndrome model.

ACCURATE DETECTION OF VIRAL SEROTYPE DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER THROUGH AEDES SP MOSQUITOES USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-PCR)

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) caused Dengue virus which transmitted through the bite of the Aedes sp. Detection of dengue virus serotypes is essential for epidemiology as well as potential disease pathogens. RT-PCR method was more effective in mosquitoes, because the virus contained in the mosquito body is passed on to the next generation (trans ovarian). The purpose of this research is to know the serotype of DHF virus accurately through vector mosquito using RT-PCR method in Mataram City, so that vector control, early diagnosis and management of DHF disease could be done quickly and precisely. This research was a laboratory explorative research with cross sectional design that determines serotype of DHF virus through vector mosquito using RT-PCR method in Mataram City. The population of this study were Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes from eggs. Collected from houses located in Community Health Center Mataram city worked area with high dengue cases: Pagesangan, Karang Taliwang, Karang Pule, Tanjung Karang, Mataram, and Selaparang especially around the house’s sufferers. The results showed that only the mosquito group from the worked area of the Mataram Community Health Center showed the ribbon image with the base pair in accordance with serotype 1 (DENGUE 1), the other negative.

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF SEXUAL TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a very dangerous problem, especially with the transmission of STIs. The incidence of STIs is still high because people's knowledge of STIs is still low, and people are still ashamed to admit to STI sufferers so that STI cases are still high. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of risk factors of sexually transmitted infections in North Sumatera province (secondary data analysis for the 2017 IDHS). This study conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2017 IDHS in North Sumatra Province. This research was conducted on 1717 women of childbearing age in North Sumatra Province. This study used the Chi-square test and Prevalent Rate (PR). The results of this study show chi-square analysis results showed a relationship between the source for STI knowledge: health professional (p 0.001), knowledge of the source for STI knowledge: a religious institution (p 0.001), male STI symptoms (p 0.001) with sexual transmitted infections symptoms with a p-value 0.001. A woman of childbearing age who has a partner with STI symptoms has a 26.088 times greater risk of suffering from an STI than a woman of childbearing age whose partner does not have STI symptoms. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are related to STI knowledge: health professional, knowledge of the source for STI knowledge: a religious institution, male STI symptoms. Symptoms of STIs in women of childbearing age partners are closely related to the incidence of STIs in women of childbearing age.

PATIENT SATISFACTION ANALYSIS BASED ON SERVICE QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND TRUST IN HEALTH FACILITIES

Health centers have an important role to provide the best service to the community. One of the problems in the outpatient installation of the Tambelangan Health Center is the decrease in the number of patient visits. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of service so that patients put their trust and then reuse the service until they feel satisfied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of service quality and trust on patient satisfaction. This research is included in the type of analytic observational using a cross-sectional approach. The sample size is 100 patients who seek treatment at the outpatient installation of the Tambelangan Health Center. The sampling technique was carried out by systematic random sampling. Data were obtained directly through the perception of the patient's assessment of the perceived service quality, their trust in the facilities and services received and including the satisfaction that the patient felt through the questionnaire instrument. The data obtained were then analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results showed that all patients (86%) stated that the overall dimensions of service quality were good, and almost all patients (81%) stated that they had believed and almost all respondents (84%) stated that they were satisfied with the service at the Outpatient Installation of the Tambelangan Health Center. Furthermore, service quality has a significant effect on patient satisfaction (p-value = 0.022) and trust has a significant effect on patient satisfaction (p-value = 0.006). The conclusion of the study shows that service quality and trust can affect patient satisfaction.

PERCEPTION OF CANCER PATIENTS ON CHEMOTHERAPY SIDE EFFECTS

Chemotherapy causes various side effects that can affect the patient's physical or non-physical condition. Patients' perceptions or ratings of these side effects vary. This study aimed to identify cancer patients' perceptions of the side effects of chemotherapy they are undergoing. The descriptive study was conducted on 84 samples, namely cancer patients aged 20 years who had undergone chemotherapy at least once before. Data collection using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out descriptively with frequency distribution. The results showed that the perception of the physical side effects of chemotherapy that was considered very disturbing by the patient (severe symptoms) was nausea (59.5%), feeling of weakness (36.9%), hair loss (35.7%), vomiting. (29.8%), loss of appetite (28.6%). %), weight loss (27.4%), insomnia and skin discoloration (19% each), headache (16.7%) and fever (15.5%). When the perception of non-physical side effects was fear of death, affecting work/household duties and feeling fear (15.5% each), feeling anxious about my life, and the presence of family members I have to take care (14.3% each). The most disturbing side effects of chemotherapy are physical problems. The health service is expected to increase interventions to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy.