Screening of Fungi from Oil Palm Rhizosphere in Peat Soils and the Potential as Biological Agents against Ganoderma boninense

One of the diseases that attack oil palm plants is stem rot disease. Control efforts that can be done is to use rhizosphere fungi from oil palm plants in peat soils. This study aimed to select fungi from rhizosphere of oil palm plants in peat soil based on morphological characteristics and test their potential as biological agents against Ganoderma boninense. This research was conducted by exploration, observation and experiment by using complete randomized design (RAL). The parameters observed were macroscopic characteristics of fungi from oil palm rhizosphere, disease severity index, fungus inhibition power from oil palm rhizosphere to G. boninense, colony diameter and growth rate of high antagonist rhizosphere fungus, hyperparasitic type of fungus from rhizosphere of oil palm plant with G. boninense and the morphological characteristics of fungi from high antagonist rhizosphere in macroscopic and microscopic. The results showed that 12 rhizosphere fungi isolates and 4 isolates were antagonist to G. boninense. Isolate J5 has a high antagonist power of 70.26% and is a genus Trichoderma, isolate J7 belongs to the genus Trichoderma, isolate J10 genus Aspergillus and isolate J12 genus Mucor.

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PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i1.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Winarna Winarna ◽

Iput Pradiko ◽

Muhdan Syarovy ◽

Fandi Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Water Retention ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Ash Content ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

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PENGARUH KOTORAN AYAM DAN MIKORIZA Glomus aggregatum TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KEDELAI (Glycine max) PADA TANAH GAMBUT

Jurnal Protobiont ◽

10.26418/protobiont.v9i1.40621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhamad Iqbal ◽

Riza Linda ◽

Mukarlina Mukarlina

Keyword(s):

Peat Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Nutrient Level ◽

Glomus Aggregatum ◽

Peat Soils ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Peat soil in West Kalimantan has been contained low of nutrient level so it affects the growth of soybeans. One effort to increase the availability of nutrients in peat soils is by using mycorrhiza and chicken manure fertilizer. This research aims to determine the growth of soybeans by administering chicken manure and mycorrhiza on peat soils. The research was conducted from January to April 2019. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design Factorial consisting of 2 factors with 4 replications. The first factor is mycorrhiza fungi: M1 (0 gr/polybag), M2 (5 gr/polybag), M3 (10 gr/polybag), M4 (15 gr/polybag) and the second factor is chicken manure fertilizer: P1 (0 tons/ha) , P2 (5 tons/ha), P3 (10 tons/ha), P4 (15 tons/ha). The results showed that the single chicken manure application significantly affected all observed parameters with 15 tons/ha chicken manure fertilizer. Mycorrhiza fungi just a significantly effect on fresh weight and dry weight. Also, the combination of mycorrhiza fungi and chicken manure fertilizer just a significantly affected wet weight and dry weight with combination 5 g mycorrhiza and 5 tons/ha of chicken manure fertilizer.

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Efektifitas Dosis Biofungisida Pelet Trichoderma sp. Untuk Mencegah Perkembangan Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v4i3.11702 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ikhsan Ikhsan ◽

Hartati Oktarina ◽

Tjut Chamzurni

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Age Factors ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Observation Data ◽

Ganoderma Boninense ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Study Results ◽

Rot Disease

Abstrak. Ganoderma boninense adalah jamur patogen yang mengakibatkan tanaman yang belum menghasilkan dan tanaman menghasilkan pada kelapa sawit menjadi layu dan mati. Alternatif pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan jamur G.boninense pada bibit kelapa sawit adalah pengendalian biologis biofungisida pelet yang mengandung spesies Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma virens. Faktor yang menentukan berhasilnya bioungisida pelet adalah dosis yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis efektif biofungisida pelet untuk mencegah penyakit BPB. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Tiap unit terdiri dai 4 bibit yang masing-masing ditanam pada 1 kg/polibag. Perlakuannya menggunakan dosis biofungisida pelet spesies T. harzianum dan T. Virens yaitu 0, 1.5, 2.5 dan 3.5 g/polybag. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis sidik ragam akan dilakukan uji lanjut Beda nyata terkecil (BNT) apabila perlakuan berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian dari uji beberapa dosis biofungisida pelet spesies T. harzianum dan T. virens pada masa inkubasi dan Persentase tanaman terserang menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata dalam mencegah jamur G. boninense. Pada jumlah daun 120 HSI juga menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa dosis biofungisida pelet Trichoderma dan pengaruh faktor usia dari kelapa sawit.Effectivity Doses of Pellet biofungicides Trichoderma sp.To Prevent Fungal Development of Genoderma boninense In Oil Palm NusreriesAbstract. Ganoderma boninense is pathogenic fungi that attacks immature plants and plants producing oil palm be withered and died. Alternative control that can be done to prevent basal stem rot disease (BPB) which is caused by G. boninense on oil palm seeds is biological control of pellet biofungicides including T. harzianum and T. Virens species. The factor that determines the success of pellet biofungicide is the dose used. This study aims to determine the effective dosage of pellet biofungicides to prevent BPB. This research was using a Non Factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used doses of pellet biofungicide of T. harzianum and T. Virens species which are 0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 g / polybag. Observation data was obtained from the results of the using variance that will be carried out by the least significant differences (LSD) if the treatment is significantly different. The study results of several doses of pellet biofungicide T. harzianum and T. Virens species during the incubation period and the percentage of attacked plants showed a very significant influence in preventing G.boninense fungi. The number of leaves 120 HSI also showed a significant effect on several doses of Trichoderma pellet biofungicide and the influence of age factors from oil palm.

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Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Peat Soils as Decomposer of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.47-53 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

. Gusmawartati ◽

. Agustian ◽

. Herviyanti ◽

. Jamsari

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Cellulolytic Activity ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Bacterial Colony ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Two Stages

The aim of the research was to find out potential strainsof cellulolytic bacteria isolated from two tropical peat soils and to studythe potency of the isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). The research was carried out in two stages: (1) isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from peat soils and (2) testing the potency of isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from two peat soils, i.e. a natural peat soil (forest) and a cultivated peat soil (has been used as agriculture land). Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria was conducted by preparing a series dilution of culture solutions using a streak plate method in a carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) selective medium.Isolates that were able to form clear zones surrounding their bacterial colony were further tested to study the potency of the isolates to decompose cellulose in oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic activity of the selected isolates were further determined via production of reducing sugars in an oil palm EFB liquid medium using Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that there are six isolates of cellulolytic bacteria that have been identified in two tropical peat soils used in the current study. Two isolates are identified in a natural peat soil (forest) and four isolates are identified in a cultivated peat soil. The isolates collected are identified as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonassp. and Staphylococcus sp. Among the isolates, an isolate of GS II-1 produces the highest concentration of reducing sugars, namely 0.1012 unitmL-1or 101 ppm, indicating that the isolate of GS II-1 is highly potential to decompose oil palm EFB. Therefore, the isolate of GS II-1 can be used as a decomposer in the bio-conversion processes of oil palm EFB.Keywords: isolation, bacteria, cellulolytic, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), peat soil

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Peat Soils Cultivated to Rice Field, Oil Palm and Vegetable

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2012.v17i2.105-114 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Hadi ◽

Dedi Nursyamsi Affandi ◽

Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽

Kazuyuki Inubushi

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Rice Field ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Peat Soil ◽

N2o Emission ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Weekly Basis ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Global Warming Potentials ◽

Water Nutrients

Presently, about 20% of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) fields in Indonesia are on peat soil, in addition to that otherarea of peat soil has been conventionally used for rice field and vegetables. To elucidate the global warmingpotentials of peat soils cultivated to oil palm, vegetable or rice field, field experiment has been carried out in SouthKalimantan. Air samples were taken from rice field, oil palm and vegetable fields in weekly basis for six month periodand analyzed for concentrations of N2O, CH4 and CO2. The global warming potentials (GWP) of the three gases werecalculated by multiplying the emission of each gas with their respective mole warming potential. This step wasfollowed by the addition of the three gases’ GWP to have the total GWP. The results showed that the emissions ofgreenhouse gases from peat soils changed seasonally and varied with the crops cultivated. Oil palm has resultedthe highest GWP, mostly contributed by N2O. There was no statistical different in total GWP of paddy andvegetable fields. The annual N2O emission from oil palm field was 4,582 g N ha-1 yr-1. Water, nutrients and organicmatter managements are among the potential techniques to minimize gas emissions from oil palm field which needfield trials.

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PEMANFAATAN ABU JENJANG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI SUMBER K PADA TANAH GAMBUT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI JAGUNG

Jurnal Solum ◽

10.25077/js.6.2.95-100.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Teguh Budi Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Corn Production ◽

Green House ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Oil Palm Ash

This research was conducted in Green House at Agriculture Faculty of Andalas University from September 2000 to Maret 2001. The objective of the research was to study of the ash of oil palm stem as K source and to determine optimum level to corn production on peat soils. The experiment was designed on Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of without oil palm ash, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 kg/ha and 100, 200 kg KCl/ha. The result showed that application of the ash of oil palm can increase pH and K soil content. The highest pH and K soil content was obtained with 1000 kg ash/ha namely 5,56 and 5,28 me/100 g. Application 400kg ash/ha can substitute 200 kg KCl/ha. The highest corn yield was obtained with application 800kg ash/ha but not significantly with application 400 and 600 kg/haKey words: ash, K resource, corn production

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Induced resistance by Bacillus subtilis on oil palm seedling infected by Ganoderma boninense

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

FIFI PUSPITA ◽

HADIWIYONO ◽

SUSILO HAMBEG POROMORTO ◽

DEWI INDRIYANI ROSLIM

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Ganoderma Boninense ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Basal Stem Rot ◽

Biological Resistance ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Important Disease

Abstract. Puspita F, Hadiwiyono, Poromorto S. H, Roslim D. I. 2020. Induced resistance by Bacillus subtilis on Ganoderma boninense infected oil palm seedling. Biodiversitas 21: 28-33. Basal Stem Rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat is the most important disease in oil palm plantations. The use of biological resistance inducer is a promising alternative disease-control. The research evaluated the potential and mechanism of endophytic Bacillus subtilis as resistance inducer agent of oil palm seedlings to infection of G. boninense. The Experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications namely of endophytic B. subtilis with four inoculum densities (0, 1011, 1012, and 1013 cfu.mL-1) on oil palm before inoculation of G. boninense. The observation variables were incubation period, disease intensity, growth and concentration of salicylic acid in leaf extract of oil palm seedlings. In addition, the ability of B. subtilis to produce IAA in liquid Pikovskaya medium enriched by tryptophan was assayed. The results showed that B. subtilis was potential as biological resistance inducer agents of oil palm seedlings to infection of G. boninense. The induced resistance was related to increasing growth, salicylic acid in leaf the seedlings and the capability was assayed to produce IAA.

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The Effectiveness Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine Compared to Trichoderma on Oil Palm Plantations That Infected by Ganoderma boninense

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v13n7p89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Roderick Bastian ◽

Supeno Surija ◽

Michelle Faustine

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Large Scale ◽

Severity Index ◽

Scale Production ◽

Ganoderma Boninense ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Area North ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Sample Experiment

Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense causes fall and death of oil palm crops, and will drastically reduce plantation productivity by up to 50% and become one of the most serious problems in oil palm cultivation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine (CHIPS®), as a biocontrol agent against the suppression of Ganoderma disease that infects oil palm trees in-field conditions. This research was conducted from early 2016 to the end of 2020 in a plantation located in Langkat area, North Sumatra by using 216 trees on 1 block as a sample experiment. Plants that infected with Ganoderma is treated with T1 treatment (MOAF™ & CHIPS®) shows the value of Disease Severity Index (DSI) decreasing to 37.50%, compare to T2 treatment (NPK Granular Fertilizer 13-6-27 & Trichoderma bio fungicides) which has DSI value of 100% in week 232 (in 2020) and C1 treatment (control) with the highest DSI value of 100% in week 212 (in 2020). The conclusions of this study shows that the treatment of T1 (MOAF™ & CHIPS®) is more successful in eradicating Ganoderma and have the highest profit ratio than any other treatments. The results of this study are useful as references for in-field inspection and large-scale production.

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Aplikasi Trichoderma viride menekan perkembangan Ganoderma boninense di main nursery kelapa sawit media gambut

Jurnal Agro ◽

10.15575/7143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 224-234

Author(s):

Yusmar Mahmud ◽

Zen Molish Purba ◽

Ahmad Darmawi

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Optimal Management ◽

Ganoderma Boninense ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Rot Disease

Pembibitan kelapa sawit sering terkendala akibat pengelolaannya belum optimal, sehingga mempengaruhi produksi kelapa sawit. Salah satu kendala kelapa sawit adalah penyakit busuk pangkal batang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense. Pengendalian penyakit busuk pangkal batang diperlukan teknik yang tepat terutama pengendalian yang bersifat ramah lingkungan, seperti Trichoderma viride. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan antagonisme jamur Trichoderma viride untuk menekan perkembangan Ganoderma boninense secara in vitro dan bibit tanaman kelapa sawit umur 7-9 bulan (main nursery). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2019 – Maret 2019 di Laboratorium Patologi, Entomologi dan Mikrobiologi dan di Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 25 g Trichoderma viride mampu menurunkan intensitas serangan Ganoderma boninense menjadi 22,90%. Sehingga pemberian dosis 25 g merupakan dosis yang efektif untuk menurunkan intensitas serangan Ganoderma boninense pada kelapa sawit umur 7-9 bulan (main nursery). Elais guienensis Jacq seedlings in nursery main are often constrained due to less optimal management, affecting the oil palm production. One that opposes oil palm is a rotten disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. Control of stem rot disease requires appropriate suspended technique which is environmentally friendly, such as Trichoderma viride application. Trichoderma viride was applied to supress the development of Ganoderma boninense in in vitro and Elais guienensis Jacq seedlings aged 7-9 months (main nursery). This research was conducted in January - March 2019 at Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology Laboratory and at Experimental Field of Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. This research method used a non factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The result proved that the application of 25 g of Trichoderma viride could supress up to 22.90% the development of Ganoderma boninense. Therefore dose of 25 g T. viride is more effective against Ganoderma boninense pathogen attack for Elais guienensis Jacq aged 7-9 months in main nursery.

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