Analisa Rugi-Rugi Daya Dan Jatuh Tegangan Pada Saluran Transmisi 150 kV GI Pati Bay GI Jekulo Menggunakan ETAP 12.6.0

<p><em>In the electric power system, the transmission system is a pathway to transmit electrical energy from the generator to the substation or from the substation to another substation which allows power losses and large voltage drops if the transmission length is relatively far and the overload is very high. affect the reliability of the transmission system. Analysis of power losses and voltage drop on the 150 KV high voltage transmission system at the Pati substation to the Jekulo substation. The analysis was carried out by conducting a survey at the research location then doing manual calculations and calculations using ETAP 12.6.0 software. The research method used was that the researcher collected voltage and current data at 10.00 and 19.00 WIB in one month and the transmission system supporting equipment specifications to be simulated in ETAP 12.6.0 from Pati and Jekulo substations in order to make comparisons between manual calculations and ETAP. 12.6.0.The conclusion of this study is the calculation of power losses manual calculation and simulation of ETAP 12.6.0 has a difference of 2.5% with the value of manual calculation power losses of 685.5 KW and the power losses from The simulation results reached 266.6 KW and the calculation of the presentation of power losses in the transmission line of GI Pati - GI Jekulo reached 6.8% exceeding the service percentage variation limit due to losses according to SPLN No. 72 of 1987 a maximum of 5% at least -10%.</em></p>

Bond Modelling for the Assessment of Transmission Length in Prestressed-Concrete Members

Transmission of the prestressing force to concrete by prestressing tendons is a topic of discussion within the fib Task Group 2.5: Bond and Material Models. Particularly, the extensive use of pretensioned prestressed-concrete (PC) requires adequate knowledge of bond development at the steel–concrete interface after prestress release. The transmission length, representing the distance from the free-end of the beam necessary to transmit the fully effective prestressing-force to the surrounding concrete, is a design parameter of paramount importance for PC members detailing. This contribution presents the analytical modelling of the transmission length based on the thick-walled cylinders (TWC) theory, considering anisotropic behaviour of the concrete. To derive the optimal friction coefficient between steel and concrete, the theoretical model has been calibrated according to an experimental database of transmission lengths collected from the literature, encompassing 130 data points from 7 different campaigns. Additionally, local behaviour has been analysed by assessing radial cracking and bond stress development along the transmission length.

Advantages of Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing Over Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

An analysis on Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing (SEFDM) is contrast with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) considering the impact on Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and nonlinearities within fibre. With respect to OFDM the sub-carriers in SEFDM signals are compressed adjacent to each other at a rate of frequency lesser than the symbol rate. At the receiver end we have utilized the Sphere Decoder which is used to recover the data to remunerate the Interference created by the compressed signals (ICI) faced in the system. This research shows the advantages by using SEFDM and evaluates its achievement. PAPR. when compared with OFDM, while effects of non-linear fibres are considered. The use of various formats of modulation going from 4-QAM to 32-QAM, shows that the SEFDM signals have a noteworthy increment in the transmission length with respect to ordinary signals.

Impact of Different Modulation Data Formats on DWDM System Using SOA With Narrow-Channel Spacing

In this paper, the transmission performance of 64×10 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing system using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with 0.4nm channel spacing has been demonstrated with different modulation data formats. The suitability of various data formats like nonreturn to zero rectangular (NRZ-rectangular), nonreturn to zero raised cosine, return to zero raised cosine, return to zero rectangular, return to zero supergaussian and return to zero soliton for an optical transmission link at ‒40dBm signal input power is evaluated. The results have been carried out by evaluating the value of quality factor, bit error rate (BER), eye closure and received optical power. It is found that using NRZ-rectangular data format, the signal can travel up to a transmission length of 260 km with acceptable BER (1.10e-09) and Q-factor (15.0 dB), respectively.

PERENCANAAN SETTING PENGAMAN SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI 150 KV DENGAN DIBANGUNNYA GIS TANAH LOT

In an effort to increase electricity supply PT PLN (Persero) build GIS Tanah Lot in Nyitdah Village Tabanan regency. The new GIS development makes the network transmission system High Voltage Air Line 150 kV changed. Changes in this transmission system impact on the channel safety settings due to changes in transmission length and impedance value. Prior to the analysis of the impedance setting, the Distance Relay Distance Zone with current, working time and OCR Relay coordination (Over Current Relay) firstly analyzes short circuit flows two phases and three symmetric phases using ETAP PowerStation program. After calculation of distance relation setting, the value of channel impedance in Tanah Lot GIS is 2,4 + j 6,96 ? with Zone 1 setting (80%): 0,200 + j 0,588 ?, Zone 2 (120%): 0,30 + j 0.882 ?, and Zone 3 (220%): 0.68 + j 2.30 ?. OCR (Over Current Relay) release time setting is indicated by releasing delay (tD>) for Tanah Lot GIS - Antosari and Tanah Lot GIS - The vessel has a value of 0.48 with an actual working time release of 1.134 seconds.

Evaluation of Water Content in Milk Using Microwave Transmission Approach with Horn Antenna

<span>As the diary industries delivery the milk to consumer bottles in pouches the thickness of the milk is varied with each company. The microwave transmission line approach with horn antenna is introduced as an effective method for the assessment of milk for the first time with different frequency. The electrical permittivity is an intrinsic parameter of a material that can be used as an index of delivered water content. For the permittivity calculation, we use horn antenna transmitter and receiver in microwave frequency .The microwave travelled via the milk according to its thickness. A design of horn antenna and its minimum distance transmission length is followed to evaluate the thickness of milk. The dissipated power is calculated with the help of VSWR meter in decibel. The results are plotted with different microwave frequency with unique wave length with unique concentration of water with milk. Mat lab is used to plot the graph. The effects exhibit that the milk thickness makes the wave travel of microwave produces the decibel value changes at the output. The measurements demonstrate that the permittivity of milk increases with increased added water. A relationship between the added water content and the permittivity of milk -water mixture is established, which should be a powerful tool for detecting milk thickness.</span>