Attempt of Lawsuit by The Debtor to Delay The Implementation of The Auction of The Object of Liability

The auction lawsuit arises when there is dissatisfaction with the debtor where the claim before the auction is intended by the plaintiff to delay the auction and the lawsuit after the auction has very diverse motives that cause it. The type of research used is normative legal research with analytical approach and legislation approach. (statute approach). Data processing is carried out in a systematic way on written legal materials. The purpose of this study is to explain the causes and explain the legal protection for debtors as well as the legal consequences for delaying the implementation of the mortgage execution auction. The results of this study indicate that there is a loss experienced by the debtor for setting a low limit value in the implementation of the mortgage execution auction which is carried out by the KPKNL as the Auction Body. Every limit price determination is required to use or use an appraisal service in accordance with Article 36 number 93/PMK/2010 concerning Auction Implementation Guidelines. There are objections to the low auction limit value, the debtor files a lawsuit to the court to postpone the auction, so if the court has given a decision that has permanent legal force stating the auction being held is invalid and null and void.

ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНА ВЛАСНІСТЬ НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЗНАНЬ

Formulation of the problem. Creation of scientific and technical products is the purpose of scientific research and research and development activities performed by employees of research organizations and teachers of higher educational institutions. The effectiveness of these studies largely depends not only on the level of training, but also on the special qualities of performers, in particular on their intellectual level. In the conditions of knowledge economy and a wide range of forms of ownership, the level of intellectual property becomes important as a condition for successful solution of any problems. The aim of the article is to study the influence of the intellectual level on the quality of solving scientific and technical problems, in particular in the field of creating new technology. The object of research is the method of solving scientific and technical problems in the field of metalworking, provided that the high quality of products. As a basis for methodological supervisions, we have taken that analysis of international organizations and their recommendations on the transition to a new economy. The practical side of lined up relations became basis of methodological supervisions between a population and government bodies all levels. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the quality of scientific and technical products not only from the qualifications but also from a significant intellectual level of performers. The statement of basic materials. In the development and preparation of serial production of scientific and technical products, first of all, the limit price is calculated, which determines the limit of the value above which the consumer of the product becomes unprofitable to purchase it. Based on this slogan, we see that many countries have focused on people, as the main "engine" of all processes of the state’s activity both inside and outside. So, in order for a person to develop, and with it the state, it is necessary to ensure a social complex of needs, where education is the main thing. The originality and practical significance of the research is the proposed systemic linkage of the components of the knowledge economy. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that there are many unresolved social and economic problems where Ukraine will occupy the main place – unlocking human potential. To determine the limit price for the development of scientific and technical products, it is necessary to have data on the requirements of the relative value of these products and the value of the rate of return used in pricing the value of industrial designs.

The Optimal Limit Prices of Limit Orders under an Extended Geometric Brownian Motion with Bankruptcy Risk

In the Black and Scholes system, the underlying asset price model follows geometric Brownian motion (GBM) with no bankruptcy risk. While GBM is a commonly used model in financial markets, bankruptcy risk should be considered in the case of a severe economic crisis, such as that caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The omission of bankruptcy risk could considerably influence the setting of a trading strategy. In this article, we adopt an extended GBM model that considers the bankruptcy risk and study its optimal limit price problem. A limit order is a classical trading strategy for investing in stocks. First, we construct the explicit expressions of the expected discounted profit functions for sell and buy limit orders and then derive their optimal limit prices. Furthermore, via sensitivity analysis, we discuss the influence of the omission of bankruptcy risk in executing limit orders.

TANGGUNG GUGAT KREDITUR DAN PEJABAT LELANG ATAS PENENTUAN HARGA LIMIT LELANG DIBAWAH NILAI TANGGUNGAN

Main research material for Liability of Creditors and Upper Auction Officers Determination of Auction Limit Prices Under Depreciation Value, with the formulation of the problem What is the legal effect of auctioning objects whose auction limit is below the dependency and whether creditors and auction officials are accountable for auction limit pricing below the value of dependents. The conclusions are as follows: The act of creditor in determining the price of the auction limit below the value of the liability has fulfilled the whole element of article 1365 of the Civil Code so The legal consequence of auction object sales is that the auction price is below the value of the hold and if the object of the right of sale is sold under the value of the mortgage, the auction can be requested by the court. The creditor is liable for the price of the auction limit below the value of the creditor because the creditor as the seller does have the right to set the auction limit price but still must pay attention to the appropriateness of the specified auction limit price and the Auction Officer is not liable for the auction limit price below the hold value because the Auction Guidelines state that the auction limit price is not the responsibility of the KPKNL or the Class II Auction Officer

Access or Ownership? The effect of car attributes and collective psychological ownership on the preference for car subscription services

Alternative transportation services for urban commuters expand with car subscription services. Car subscription services give drivers access to cars without ownership for a relatively longer time period (e.g., months) than other sharing economy transportation services. Based on a mix of between- and within-subject design online experiment involving 274 participants, this study investigates traditional and upcoming subscribed car features namely, mileage limit, price, self-driving capability, advanced safety systems, and the moderating influence of collective psychological ownership of these features on people’s preference for car subscription services. The results suggest that these features significantly impact people’s preference toward this service. Collective psychological ownership was found to moderate the influence of self-driving capability and advance safety systems on people’s preference for car subscription services. Individuals with high collective psychological ownership preferred subscription cars with self-driving capability and were more concerned with the lack of advanced safety systems in a subscription car. Car subscription companies need to consider traditional (price and mileage limit), and upcoming features (self-driving capability and advance safety systems) when offering their services. More importantly, the moderating influence of collective psychological ownership on these features means that car subscription companies should account for people’s psychological disposition when considering additional car features.

Projekt ustawy o książce z 2015 roku

THE FIXED BOOK PRICE BILL OF 2015Fixed book prices are applied in some European countries. A fi xed book price is the price, set by the publisher, at which the book is to be sold. This solution is to limit price competition among the sellers in order to protect traditional bookshops and promote non-price competition on the book market. In Poland the book market is not regulated in such a way. In 2015 a fi xed book price bill, prepared by the Polish Chamber of Books, was submitted to the parliament. However, the bill was not adopted, because the parliament’s term ended. The author of the article examines the work of publishers and booksellers on the bill on the basis of the available reports by professionals and journalists, the contents of the bill as well as the course of the legislative process, drawing on records of meetings of parliamentary committees. In addition, the author presents opinions about the bill expressed from early 2013 until late 2015. The opinions come from interviews and articles written by journalists.

Assessing the Impact of Field-of-Use Restrictions in Patent Licensing Agreements: The Ethical Pharmaceutical Industry in the United States, 1950–1962

There are a number of strategies employed by companies to limit price competition, including patenting. This article investigates patent licensing restrictions as a strategy to erode price competition, using mainly information gleaned from the 1960–1962 Kefauver Committee hearings. The article deals with the pharmaceutical industry, which is one of the few sectors in which patents are essential to the development and introduction of innovations. The current study adds to a body of literature that has yielded mixed results with respect to the role of patents in this industry. The main contribution of this research is that restrictive licensing clauses, specifically field-of-use restrictions, are found to be relevant in eroding price competition in the institutional market. However, in the retail ethical market, price competition was absent even when no field-of-use restrictions were included in licensing contracts, although product competition was relevant between patented drugs.

Energy and economic analysis of the carbon dioxide capture installation with the use of monoethanolamine and ammonia

In the study an accurate energy and economic analysis of the carbon capture installation was carried out. Chemical absorption with the use of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia was adopted as the technology of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from flue gases. The energy analysis was performed using a commercial software package to analyze the chemical processes. In the case of MEA, the demand for regeneration heat was about 3.5 MJ/kg of CO2, whereas for ammonia it totalled 2 MJ/kg CO2. The economic analysis was based on the net present value (NPV) method. The limit price for CO2emissions allowances at which the investment project becomes profitable (NPV = 0) was more than 160 PLN/Mg for MEA and less than 150 PLN/Mg for ammonia. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to determine the limit price of CO2emissions allowances depending on electricity generation costs at different values of investment expenditures.

The Limit Price Strategy Analysis of Integrated Medicine Supply Chain Based on Government Regulation

Considering the integrated medicine supply chain, and introducing the government limit pricing and subsidy mechanism, the pricing strategy of integrated medicine supply chain was studied in this paper. And the optimal strategy in the face of market fluctuations caused by unconventional emergencies based on government regulation was given. The study shows that, under different subsidy levels, the optimal production volume, retail price and profit of the supply chain are related to production cost, market size, government regulation and government subsidy; governments limit price regulation on medicines is welfare for both consumers and retailers, and it is favorable for medicine supply chains normal development.

Entry Prevention Through Strategic Capacity Expansion And Pricing

In this paper, market and cost data from the titanium dioxide industry are used to analyze firm limit pricing. One firm in that industry had a cost-reducing technological advantage over all others. By strategically expanding its own capacity, this firm could have established an equilibrium market price or limit price that would have prevented its rivals from expanding. The method of achieving this goal and the methods feasibility are discussed.