KEY FACTORS TO THE RATE DEPENDENCE OF EARLY AFTERDEPOLARIZATIONS: A SIMULATION STUDY

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in cardiac myocytes have been reported to be associated with a series of cardiac arrhythmias. The generation of EADs has a high correlation with the excitation period, leading to repolarization dispersion over the cardiac tissue. However, the mechanism of EAD rate dependence has not been thoroughly revealed. In this study, the simulation approach was used to investigate the mechanism underlying EAD rate dependence. The results indicated that the gating variable of the delayed rectifier potassium current ([Formula: see text]-gate) and the intracellular sodium ion concentration ([Na[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text] were key factors contributing to EAD rate dependence. Also, different mathematical models showed different types of EAD rate dependence, which needs to be considered in the future simulation research related to EADs.

A Study on the Validity of a One Degree of Freedom Model for Deepwater Subsea Lifts

The lowering into deepwater phase of the installation of subsea equipment is analyzed by a one degree of freedom model and also by a multiple degree of freedom model in order to determine the scenarios where the simplified model can be used accurately. The one degree of freedom system is based on the assumption that the lifting cable has a length that varies throughout the time as a function of the payout speed. On the other hand, the multiple degree of freedom system is constructed using the commercial software Orcaflex which uses the line feeding feature to evaluate the continuous lowering of the equipment during the operation. Firstly, possible critical scenarios for the use of the simplified model are obtained by evaluating the total time for longitudinal pressure waves to travel inside the cable and by analyzing the resonance frequencies of the system for different water depths, types of cables, and equipment. Secondly, the one degree and the multiple degree of freedom systems are compared. The results show that high water depth and high mass ratio tends to lead to more critical scenarios for the use of the simplified model, especially when the excitation period is low. Further, the dynamics of the system for different payout speeds is assessed considering the most critical scenario for the use of the simplified model. In this case, the differences between the models are not affected by the speed. It is concluded that the one degree of freedom model should not be considered as an accurate method to analyze subsea lifts for scenarios of high mass ratio, high water depth and low excitation periods, independent of the payout speed considered for the operation. Finally, guidance for the selection between both models is provided.

Revealing the Phenomena of Heat and Photon Energy on Dealing Matter at Atomic Level

Technology is in the way to reach in its climax but the basic understanding of science in many phenomena is still awaited despite the fact that nature witnesses. Scientific research reveals strong analogy between electron and photon. Atoms of solid state behavior that execute suitable electron transitions excite electron at target while absorbing heat energy at shunt level. De-excitation of electron under the pulling force of nearby unfilled state available at bare surface of atom results into depicting force energy shape-like Gaussian distribution called unit photon where inertia involved at each stage of changing state. The continuous cycles of excitation and de-excitation of electron confined within inter-state (filled to unfilled and unfilled to filled) result into generate force energy in wave-like fashion propagating in the inter-state electron’s gap of adjacent atoms in the lattice; in each unit photon, the force energy configures under electron’s trajectory while excitation period is due to inertia-levitation-inertia behaviors and force energy configures under electron’s trajectory while de-excitation period is due to inertia-gravitation-inertia behaviors. Silicon atom is considered as a model system of it. Uninterrupted confined inter-state electron-dynamics results into configure force energy that can travel immeasurable length where interruption from the point of generation termed it an overt photon –a long length photon. Such photons increase wavelength under decreasing energy when travelling in the medium other than inter-state electron’s gap where light glow is observed on attaining wavelength of their certain density in the visible range. They act as merged photons or squeezed photons while interacting (coordinating) to suitable medium, thus, on merging or squeezing convert into heat energy where atoms like silicon again configure them into force energy under the trajectory of electrons. Thus, heat energy dealing to suitable matter at atomic level transforms into photon energy. Involving levitation behavior in the course of exciting electron and gravitation behavior in the course of de-exciting electron validates that force of repulsion or attraction in certain materials engages the phenomenon of levitism or gravitism where inertia is exempted. Here, heat energy and photon energy explore matter at electron level. Thus, devise science to describe.

Identification of the Effective Control Parameter to Enhance the Progression Rate of Vibro-Impact Devices With Drift

This paper presents an experimental study to find out an effective parameter which is useful to enhance the progression rate of drifting vibro-impact systems excited by a harmonic force. It is assumed that the system performance would be better if the excitation force stays in a harmonious relationship with the natural motion of the impact mass. This hypothesis has been numerically analyzed and then experimentally verified. The phase lag between the excitation force and the motion of the impact mass is used to identify the best situation, where the system progression rate is maximal. It has been found that the highest progression rate of the system can be obtained when the phase lag is around one-eighth of the excitation period.

Revealing the Phenomena of Heat and Photon Energy on Dealing Matter at Atomic level

Technology is in the way to reach in its climax but the basic understanding of science in many phenomena is still awaited despite the fact that nature justifies all those. Scientific research reveals strong analogy between electron and photon. Atoms that execute suitable electronic transitions, on absorbing heat energy at shunt level, excite their electrons. De-excitation of an electron under the gravitational force of its nucleus, where inertia is involved, results into depicting energy in the shape like Gaussian distribution. The wavelength of photon remains in inter-state electron’s gap where the source of generating energy in wave-like fashion is due to confined electron-dynamics of that atom eligible to execute electronic transition; energy configures under electron’s trajectory while excitation period is due to inertia-levitation-inertia behaviours and energy configures under electron’s trajectory while de-excitation period is due to inertia-gravitation-inertia behaviours. Silicon atom is a model system of it. Uninterrupted confined inter-state electron’s motion results into configure force energy that can travel immeasurable length where interruption from the point of generation termed it a photon. Such photons increase wavelength under decreasing energy. Here, I discuss that heat energy is due to merged photons or squeezed photons and photonic current is due to the configuring energy in inter-state electron’s gap under confined electron-dynamics of the atom. Force of repulsion or attraction in certain materials engages the phenomenon of levitism or gravitism where inertia is exempted. Structural motifs and dynamics are subjected to characteristic photons as long as atoms are dealing neutral behavior of field forces. A structural design delivers straight-forward application on dealing photons of certain wavelengths. Here, heat energy and photon energy explore matter at electron level. Thus, devise science to describe.

Revealing the Phenomena of Heat and Photon Energy on Dealing Matter at Atomic level

Technology is in the way to reach in its climax but the basic understanding of science in many phenomena is still awaited despite the fact that nature justifies all those. Scientific research reveals strong analogy between electron and photon. Atoms that execute suitable electronic transitions, on absorbing heat energy at shunt level, excite their electrons. De-excitation of an electron under the gravitational force of its nucleus, where inertia is involved, results into depicting energy in the shape like Gaussian distribution. The wavelength of photon remains in inter-state electron’s gap where the source of generating energy in wave-like fashion is due to confined electron-dynamics of that atom eligible to execute electronic transition; energy configures under electron’s trajectory while excitation period is due to inertia-levitation-inertia behaviours and energy configures under electron’s trajectory while de-excitation period is due to inertia-gravitation-inertia behaviours. Silicon atom is a model system of it. Uninterrupted confined inter-state electron’s motion results into configure force energy that can travel immeasurable length where interruption from the point of generation termed it a photon. Such photons increase wavelength under decreasing energy. Here, I discuss that heat energy is due to merged photons or squeezed photons and photonic current is due to the configuring energy in inter-state electron’s gap under confined electron-dynamics of the atom. Force of repulsion or attraction in certain materials engages the phenomenon of levitism or gravitism where inertia is exempted. Structural motifs and dynamics are subjected to characteristic photons as long as atoms are dealing neutral behavior of field forces. A structural design delivers straight-forward application on dealing photons of certain wavelengths. Here, heat energy and photon energy explore matter at electron level. Thus, devise science to describe.

Revealing Phenomena of Heat Energy, Levity, Gravity and Photons Characteristic Current to Light on Dealing Matter to Sub-Atom

Technology is in the way to reaching in its climax but the basic understanding of science in many phenomena is still awaited. Scientific research reveals strong analogy between electron and photon. Atoms that execute suitable electronic transitions, on absorbing heat energy at shunt level, excite their electrons. De-excitation of an electron under the gravitational force of its nucleus, where inertia is involved, results depicting energy in the shape like Gaussian distribution. The wavelength of photon remains in inter-state electron’s gap where the source of generating energy in wave-like fashion is due to electronic transitions under confined electron-dynamics; energy configures under electron’s trajectory in the excitation period is due to inertia-levitation-inertia behaviours while energy configures under electron’s trajectory in the de-excitation period is due to inertia-gravitation-inertia behaviours. Silicon atom is a model system of it. Uninterrupted confined inter-state electron-dynamics results into configure energy in a wave-like fashion that can travel immeasurable length and on interruption from the point of generation, it becomes a photon. Such photons increase wavelength on decreasing energy while travelling through inherently built gap of splitted inert gas atoms where they give light (glow) on reaching wavelength in the visible range. Here, I discuss that heat energy is due to merged photons, photons characteristic current are due to photons having wavelength in inter-state electron’s gap and light is due to photons, following the wavelength in the visible range. Force of repulsion or attraction in certain materials engages the phenomenon of levitism or gravitism where inertia is exempted. All structural motifs and dynamics are subjected to characteristic photons as long as atoms are under neutral behavior of field force. A structural design delivers straight-forward application on dealing photons at different wavelengths. Here, materials science explores matter at electronic level while absorbing heat energy and generating photon energy. Thus, devise science to describe.

Dynamic Stability and Post-Critical Processes of Slender Auto-Parametric Systems

High-rise structures exposed to a strong vertical component of an earthquake excitation are endangered by auto-parametric resonance effect. While in a sub-critical state, the vertical and horizontal response components are independent. Exceeding a certain limit causes the vertical response to lose stability and induces dominant horizontal response. This effect is presented using two mathematical models: (1) the non-linear lumped mass model; and (2) the one dimensional model with continuously distributed parameters. Analytical and numerical treatment of both leads to three different types of the response: (1) semi-trivial sub-critical state with zero horizontal response component; (2) post-critical state (auto-parametric resonance) with a periodic or attractor type chaotic character; and (3) breaking through a certain limit, the horizontal response exponentially rises and leads to a collapse. Special attention is paid to transition from a semi-trivial to post-critical state in case of time limited excitation period as it concerns the seismic processes.