Research on the Anthropogenic Impact on Climate Change

The article is a presentation of the results of studies and calculations of climate parameters associated with anthropogenic thermal pollution of the environment. They indicate that the increase of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide cannot be a cause of climate warming. The article provides information about the working principle of the natural mechanism of automatic maintenance of temperature climate parameters. The authors show that all of the gases molar mass of differs from the molar mass of nitrogen are the working bodies of the procedures for moving heat from the stratosphere to space. Water vapor is the only greenhouse gas, and to deal effectively with water vapor in the atmosphere is impossible. However, the work contains an assessment of the feasibility of some ways to assist the natural mechanism of removing heat to space. Some methods and tools of world energy development are suggested in the article. These methods could lead to a substantial reduction of anthropogenic thermal pollution of the planet.

POWER EQUIOMENT CONTROL SYSTEM OF A SHUNTING LOCOMOTIVE WITH AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL ALGORITHM

Work objective is to develop an algorithm for automatic speed regulation and to ensure its integration into the system of adaptive combined control of the power equipment of the locomotive TEM7A. Research methods: methods of the theory of automatic control, modern programming methods, trial trips. Research results and novelty. For the first time, the problem of automatic maintenance of "creeping" train speeds with high accuracy has been solved in the practice of domestic locomotive construction. It is established that the developed algorithm for automatic control of the humping speed and splitting up of shunting locomotive TEM7A allows maintaining a given speed in the range of operating speeds up to 8 km / h. Conclusion. The developed algorithm is integrated into the microprocessor control system of the power equipment of TEM7A shunting locomotive and does not require additional costs when through the locomotive operation. Maintaining a uniform speed of movement can also be used in the mode of manual control of the locomotive by the driver, while the value of the stipulated rate is set by the driver using the display module of the control panel.

Improvement of the calculation and experimental method of evaluation of carbonization of reinforced concrete structures of sewerage underground systems

Carbonization of concrete leads to a decrease in the alkalinity of concrete, an increase in the number of hydrogen ions in the pores, is one of the main factors that lead to corrosion of reinforcement, the formation of cracks and the subsequent reduction of load-bearing capacity of structures. The study of the depth of carbonization of concrete is to determine the pH of the pore liquid at different depths. There are devices with automatic maintenance of a given concentration of carbon dioxide, to determine the diffusion permeability of concrete to carbon dioxide, based on data on the rate of neutralization (carbonization) of concrete with carbon dioxide. Basically, this method is intended for use in the development of technology and design of concrete composition, providing long-term maintenance of structures in non-aggressive and aggressive gaseous environments, as chips are not prepared immediately before the test and after reaching the design age are placed in the installation with reagents for 7 days. But to determine the carbonization directly on the construction site or object often use the pH method, i.e. the indicator method of pH determination. To assess the concentration of hydrogen ions used acid-base indicators - organic substances – dyes, the color of which depends on the pH from the obtained results the algorithm of definition of depth of carbonization consists in the following actions. The improved formula of definition of depth of carbonization of concrete taking into account degree of aging and corrosion damages for what in the final formula the corresponding coefficients kst and kkor are entered: hcarb = {(2D˖C˖τ) / (mo˖kst ˖kkor)} 1/2, where the effective diffusion coefficient of CO2 in the concrete of the existing reinforced concrete structure, which is determined by the condition D = (mo˖δ2) / (2C˖t ). The thickness of the neutralized layer δ is determined experimentally on an existing structure using a physicochemical method (phenolphthalein solution or using depth gauges. .Concentration of CO2 in air C should be determined by chemical analysis of air samples taken directly from the structure or take ≈ 0.03%. Re. the ability of concrete mo is determined by the formula mo = 0.4 (C˖p˖f), taking the amount of cement, kg per 1m3, respectively, the strength of concrete. neutralization of concrete is equal to f = 0.5.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL LAYOUT OF POTATO PLANTERS’ COULTER GROUP

Structural layouts of coulters and their groups in potato planters are justified in the article based on the morphological features of the potato plant, its requirements for growing conditions and ensuring the quality of the planting process. The purpose of coulter groups is to form a bed for placing tubers with a loose layer of soil in 5-8 cm and sealing them with loosened soil to a certain depth. To substantiate the type of potato planter coulters that meet the requirements for potato growing conditions to the maximum extent possible, optimize the parameters of coulter groups that automatically ensure the stability of the coulter travel depth when imitating irregularities of the field microrelief. A comparative analysis of the impact on the soil of the most common anchor coulters with a blunt angle of soil entry and a sharp angle with an individual floating suspension is given, and indicators of the quality of their operation are described. It was found that coulters with an individual floating suspension and an acute angle of soil entry meet the requirements for potato growing conditions to the maximum extent possible. In order to ensure travel stabilization of such a coulter at a given depth when imitating field irregularities, a version of the coulter group has been developed that provides automatic correction of the coulter's angle of attack when changing its travel depth. Experimental studies have optimized the parameters of the coulter suspension that ensure automatic imitation of field microrelief irregularities up to 20 cm deep within the initial requirements for potato planting machines. Coulters with an individual floating suspension and a sharp angle of soil entry most fully meet the requirements for potato growing conditions to the maximum extent possible. A coulter group with a suspension aspect ratio of 150:200:400:400 cm and an acute angle of coulter entry into the soil provides automatic maintenance of the set coulter travel depth within the initial requirements (±2 cm) for irregularities in the field microrelief of up to 200 mm. In this case, the bottom and walls of the furrow are not compacted.

MODELING OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF THE OPTICAL SPECTRUM AT THE LEAVE OF THE PLANT

Low levels of natural light in greenhouses and a short winter day require additional irradiation, and artificial maintenance of temperature and humidity, due to the significant cost of non-renewable energy. It is known that about half of the cost of production is accounted for by electricity. Therefore, the state level is gaining issues of conservation of electricity spent on lighting and irradiation of plants. One of the ways to reduce the cost of electricity for light crops is to improve the methods of calculating photosynthetic irradiation, followed by automatic maintenance of the effective level of irradiation. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption for photoculture of plants in protected ground structures and increase their productivity is to improve methods for determining and maintaining optimal illumination values with radiation of a given range, which will provide the most effective level of photosynthetic process of plant development with a subsequent increase in its productivity. In the given article, the modeling of the electromagnetic field of the optical spectrum at the level of plant leaf formation, which takes into account the scattered radiation and reflected by the surfaces of the walls and ceiling, is carried out. The proposed method increases the accuracy of determining the actual value of irradiance by taking into account the features of the brightness of the coating on the walls and ceiling and their reflection coefficient as a function of spatial coordinates. An example is given of using this method to determine and automatically maintain the actual photosynthetic irradiation in accordance with the standard value of light intensity in the production room of the greenhouse, which ensures effective plant development and, accordingly, maximum productivity.

Predictive Maintenance for Pump Systems and Thermal Power Plants: State-of-the-Art Review, Trends and Challenges

Thermal power plants are an important asset in the current energy infrastructure, delivering ancillary services, power, and heat to their respective consumers. Faults on critical components, such as large pumping systems, can lead to material damage and opportunity losses. Pumps plays an essential role in various industries and as such clever maintenance can ensure cost reductions and high availability. Prognostics and Health Management, PHM, is the study utilizing data to estimate the current and future conditions of a system. Within the field of PHM, Predictive Maintenance, PdM, has been gaining increased attention. Data-driven models can be built to estimate the remaining-useful-lifetime of complex systems that would be difficult to identify by man. With the increased attention that the Predictive Maintenance field is receiving, review papers become increasingly important to understand what research has been conducted and what challenges need to be addressed. This paper does so by initially conceptualising the PdM field. A structured overview of literature in regard to application within PdM is presented, before delving into the domain of thermal power plants and pump systems. Finally, related challenges and trends will be outlined. This paper finds that a large number of experimental data-driven models have been successfully deployed, but the PdM field would benefit from more industrial case studies. Furthermore, investigations into the scale-ability of models would benefit industries that are looking into large-scale implementations. Here, examining a method for automatic maintenance of the developed model will be of interest. This paper can be used to understand the PdM field as a broad concept but does also provide a niche understanding of the domain in focus.

Research on the Anthropogenic Impact on Climate Change

The article is a presentation of the results of studies and calculations of climate parameters associated with anthropogenic thermal pollution of the environment. They indicate that the increase of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide cannot be a cause of climate warming. The article provides information about the working principle of the natural mechanism of automatic maintenance of temperature climate parameters. The authors show that all of the gases molar mass of differs from the molar mass of nitrogen are the working bodies of the procedures for moving heat from the stratosphere to space. Water vapor is the only greenhouse gas, and to deal effectively with water vapor in the atmosphere is impossible. However, the work contains an assessment of the feasibility of some ways to assist the natural mechanism of removing heat to space. Some methods and tools of world energy development are suggested in the article. These methods could lead to a substantial reduction of anthropogenic thermal pollution of the planet.

Deformation modeling of remote handling EAMA robot by recurrent neural networks

Purpose Remote handling (RH) manipulators have been widely studied for maintenance tasks in fusion reactors. Those tasks always require heavy load, high accuracy and large work space for manipulators. Traditionally, the maintenance of fusion devices always depends on manual RH. With the development of calculating ability, the intelligent automatic maintenance makes it possible for a fusion device instead of the previous manual operation. As the flexibility of arm and the deformation of manipulator will cause problems, which are mainly inaccuracy and lower efficiency. This paper aims to study an effective way to promote the arm behavior to solve these problems. Design/methodology/approach By making use of the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak articulated maintenance arm as a platform, a series of experiments is designed to measure errors of kinematics and to collect the database of the flexible arm. Through studying the data and the arm structure, recurrent neural network (RNN) method was adopted to estimate the deformation of flexible arm and eventually compensate deformation in robot control to achieve higher accuracy. Findings By means of delicate RNN modeling, errors of kinematics have been reduced to a smaller order than the RH mode. This intelligent maintenance method will also reduce complexity of operations in maintenance. Originality/value This paper presents the use of an artificial intelligent algorithm to solve a nonlinear deformation problem of the flexible arm. The results demonstrate that it is efficient in dealing with this problem in fusion application. The RNN’s successful application has also shown that intelligent algorithms can be widely applied in fusion maintenance.