Performance Analysis of Plate Punching and Bending Machine Combination

The plate punching and bending combination machine is a machine that belongs to the press type with the use of a punch and a die to make holes or bends in a plate work-piece. This machine uses a hydraulic drive with a maximum working pressure of 700 Bars, which is used as a punch force to work-piece. But, it is not known the value of working pressure this frame can withstand. Therefore, machine performance becomes unknown such as punch force that can be used, work-piece thickness, whole circumference and type of material that can be machined. In this paper, the analysis is carried out using simulation and experimental methods. The simulation method is carried out using Autodesk Inventor software to determine the critical location, which is then measured by experiment. The experimental method is carried out by measuring the stress and deflection. Voltage measurement on the frame is carried out using a strain gauge sensor and measurements are carried out using a dial indicator. The application of a safety factor is 1.5 based on the yield strength of ASTM A36 as the frame material. The deflection that has occurred is 1.15 mm, the maximum working pressure obtained is 27.7 Bars. The maximum punch force is 5441 N.

Equilibrium Model of Movable Elements of Micromechanical Devices with Internal Suspensions

In this work model of mirror elements equilibrium of the micromechanical components is developed, the behavior analysis of the mirror element of micromechanical mirrors in case changing of control voltages of electrostatic actuators is carried out, an expression for determining the maximum value of deflection voltage at which the snap-down effect will take the following form is obtained in case of the influence of the coefficient of the electrostatic rigidity of electrostatic actuators. The developed equilibrium model of mirror elements and the obtained results of modeling can be used at design of micromechanical mirrors with internal suspensions.

Picosecond-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at low signal contrast using a hard X-ray streak camera

A picosecond-resolving hard-X-ray streak camera has been in operation for several years at Sector 7 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Several upgrades have been implemented over the past few years to optimize integration into the beamline, reduce the timing jitter, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. These include the development of X-ray optics for focusing the X-rays into the sample and the entrance slit of the streak camera, and measures to minimize the amount of laser light needed to generate the deflection-voltage ramp. For the latter, the photoconductive switch generating the deflection ramp was replaced with microwave power electronics. With these, the streak camera operates routinely at 88 MHz repetition rate, thus making it compatible with all of the APS fill patterns including use of all the X-rays in the 324-bunch mode. Sample data are shown to demonstrate the performance.

Extremely Large Deflection Actuators for Translation or Rotation

In this paper we propose a new type of piezoelectric microactuator to produce extremely large translational (> 100 microns) or rotational deflections (> 10 degrees). Many micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) are capable of deflecting 1 to 10s microns using the electrostatic or thermoelectric phenomenon. The problem with electrostatic actuators is that they are usually constrained to operate in clean environments, which limits their utility to physically interact with the environment. The problem with thermal actuators is that they usually require a relatively large amount of power since they rely on heat. Achieving large deflection actuators without such constraints may find applications in biomedical engineering, optics, micro/nano-assembly, scanning probe microscopy, etc. What is novel about our piezo actuator is we exploit lateral deflection to create an actuator that forms an ‘S’ shape upon actuation. We then explore the use of this S-drive for large translational and rotational actuators. For feasibility analysis, we consider nonlinear deflection, voltage limit due to dielectric breakdown, strain limit, and gravitational effects.

Electromechanical Modeling of the Low Frequency MEMS Energy Harvester

An analytical electromechanical model is proposed to predict the deflection, voltage and the power output a proposed low frequency micro harvesting structure. The high natural frequencies of the existing designs of MEMS vibrational energy harvesters are serious drawbacks. A zigzag design is proposed to overcome this limitation. The mode shapes of the free vibration problem are first calculated together with the natural frequencies of the structure. The piezoelectric direct and reverse effect equations together with the electrical equations are used to relate the voltage output of the structure to the base vibrations magnitude and frequency. The closed form solution of the continuous electromechanical vibrations precisely gives the power output as a function of base acceleration spectrum. The usefulness of the design is proved by the significant increase of the power output from the same base accelerations, providing a method of designing a MEMS harvester with low natural frequency.