Performance Analysis of Plate Punching and Bending Machine Combination

The plate punching and bending combination machine is a machine that belongs to the press type with the use of a punch and a die to make holes or bends in a plate work-piece. This machine uses a hydraulic drive with a maximum working pressure of 700 Bars, which is used as a punch force to work-piece. But, it is not known the value of working pressure this frame can withstand. Therefore, machine performance becomes unknown such as punch force that can be used, work-piece thickness, whole circumference and type of material that can be machined. In this paper, the analysis is carried out using simulation and experimental methods. The simulation method is carried out using Autodesk Inventor software to determine the critical location, which is then measured by experiment. The experimental method is carried out by measuring the stress and deflection. Voltage measurement on the frame is carried out using a strain gauge sensor and measurements are carried out using a dial indicator. The application of a safety factor is 1.5 based on the yield strength of ASTM A36 as the frame material. The deflection that has occurred is 1.15 mm, the maximum working pressure obtained is 27.7 Bars. The maximum punch force is 5441 N.

Calibration of Dial Indicator Using Calibration Tester with JIS B 7503 Standard

The measurement process is the most important part of the production process in the industrial world. Obtaining good measurement results can not be separated from using measuring instruments that are always maintained. Subsequence, the maintenance of calibration procedures must be carried out periodically based on a predetermined time limit. The calibration process is an activity to compare standard quantities between measuring instruments and testers that are in accordance with the measuring instrument and carried out periodically. The implementation of the calibration process often has generates an uneven value where this value is better known as the uncertainty value. This research objective is to determine the uncertainty value of the measuring instrument of a dial indicator using the JIS B 7503 Standard. The calibration can control the quality of the equipment used, and can show whether the tool is feasible or not to be used.

Indicator type device for aligning of pump shafts

An indicator centering device based on neodymium magnets is developed, which makes it possible to control the axial and radial clearances. The general methods of alignment used in production are considered. Keywords: shaft alignment, dial indicator, electric motor, pump, half-coupling [email protected]

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PREHEAT TERHADAP DISTORSI DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO SAMBUNGAN LAS TAK SEJENIS ANTARA BAJA KARBON ASTM A36 DAN BAJA TAHAN KARAT AUSTENITIK AISI 304 MENGGUNAKAN GMAW

Sambungan las pada umumnya adalah titik lemah dari suatu struktur dan sering menjadi lokasi kegagalan pada pengelasan logam tidak sejenis. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan performa dari sambungan las, salah satunya adalah pemanasan awal (preheat). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh temperatur preheat terhadap sambungan las logam tak sejenis antara baja paduan rendah dan baja tahan karat austenitik. Proses pengelasan dilakukan menggunakan las busur logamgas atau gas metal arc welding (GMAW) dengan elektrode ER70s-6 dan selama proses pengelasan dilakukan preheat pada temperatur 100oC, 150oC, dan 200oC. Temperatur selama proses pengelasan diukur menggunakan termokopel pada jarak 10 mm dari garis las. Setelah proses pengelasan dilakukan, pengukuran distorsi dilakukan menggunakan dial indicator. Pengamatan struktur mikro dilakukan pada daerah terpengaruh panas (HAZ), daerah las, dan daerah logam induk dari masing-masing pelat yang dilas menggunakan mikroskop optik. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran siklus termal, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur preheat meningkatkan temperatur puncak dan memperlambat laju pendinginan las. Perubahan siklus termal ini berpengaruh terhadap struktur mikro. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran distorsi, pelat yang dilas mengalai penurunan distorsi pada arah longitudinal dan transversal terhadap garis las seiring dengan meningkatnya temperatur preheat

Electrical conductivity of whole and shredded plant tissue

The article gives the electrical conductivity of whole and shredded plant tissue. An experimental study was made of the dependence of the resistivity value and the volume occupied by the pulp on the pressing time and specific pressures on the pulp while taking into account the amount of pressed juice. The electrical resistance (R) of whole and crushed plant tissue was experimentally studied, which, when processing the results, was recalculated to the specific electrical resistance (ρ) of the tissue. The specific pressure (P) on the tissue was determined using a reference manometer, and the deformation (ΔH) of the sample was measured with a dial indicator.

Macro-Micro Analysis on 2-Layer Semiautomatic MIG Welding of AA5052 Material Using ER5356 Electrode

Lightweight structures have widely been used due to their weight saving. Aluminum alloys are among the alternative for their material, and they are mostly manufactured by employing welding process using the same filler material as the base metal. Aluminum welding process can be conducted employing 2-layer semiautomatic MIG when the thickness of the plate is no more than 5 mm. Porosity in aluminum alloy welding is considerably difficult to avoid due to hydrogen and oxygen environment. Macro-micro analyses on 2-layer semiautomatic MIG welding of AA5052 material using ER5356 electrode have been carried out. A pair of AA5052 plates of 400 mm x 75 mm x 5 mm were clamped at three points of one side and welded using 2-layer semiautomatic MIG welding using ER5356 filler such that angular distortion can happen. Welding speed of 6, 7, and 8 mm/s using electrical voltage of 23 Volt, current of 130 Ampere, filler diameter of 0.8 mm, and shielded using argon gas. After completion of the welding, angular distortion was measured using dial indicator possessing accuracy of 0.01 mm. Welding result was micro-Vickers (VHN0.1) hardness, tension and Charpy impact, as well as micro structure using OM and SEM-EDS. The highest tensile strength was found at welding speed of 7 mm/s, angular distortion of 6.780, average VHN0.1 of the BM, HAZ, and WM of 47.82, 49.14, and 51.75, respectively. Tensile strength of 156.5 MPa and joint efficiency of 70%, BM failure strain of 17%, Charpy impact of 0.26 J/mm2. SEM-EDX at spot shows that the amount of Mg is not significant for being Al2Mg3 precipitate such that Vickers hardness distribution do not show any difference among BM, HAZ, and WM.

Ring Expansion Testing Innovations: Hydraulic Clamping and Strain Measurement Methods

Ring expansion testing is one of the three accepted methods in API 5L for the measurement of yield strength for line pipe. The other two are flattened-strap tensile testing and round-bar tensile testing. A novel-concept ring expansion test machine has recently been commissioned which uses hydraulic pressure to clamp the top and bottom pressure-reacting plates rather than a traditional bolting arrangement. The benefit of hydraulic clamping is vastly reduced set-up times. This paper describes the design approach and the pitfalls that were overcome in commissioning the ring expansion test unit. Expansion measurements are taken using two different methods: a chain extensometer and an LVDT with a band wrapping the circumference of the pipe. Both approaches are used simultaneously to generate and compare two stress-strain curves for one pressure test. In addition, a 3-Point contact approach is developed to determine the hoop strain during pipe expansion. The 3-point contact approach is an attempt to infer the full hoop expansion behavior by measuring the radius change over a segment of the circumference. The device has two rollers which contact the pipe surface while a dial indicator midway between measures the radius change. As the pipe expands, the rollers maintain contact with the pipe surface while the dial indicator records the change in radius. Tests are performed on HFI, SAWL, and SAWH pipes ranging in outer diameter from 20-inch (508 mm) to 48-inch (1219 mm) and wall thicknesses from 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) to 0.969-inch (24.4 mm). The differences in the stress-strain behavior of these pipe forms are described and related to the residual-stress profiles generated by their respective manufacturing operations. The comparison to flattened-strap and round-bar tensile results are presented in a companion paper. The results of the 3-Point contact approach show that the radius change during early stages of expansion are not uniform around the pipe circumference and different patterns are observed in the HFI, SAWL, and SAWH pipe forms.

Alignment Methods in Rotating Equipment

This research provides an analysis about the need to implement innovative alignment techniques and to diversify the methods to carry it out, if there is outdated equipment, misalignment becomes more recurrent and this causes the equipment to present failures as high vibration, high temperature, product leaks, excessive energy consumption and wear of some equipment components. In turn, this text exposes the methodologies of alignment of axes by straight edge, dial indicator, and by laser alignment, and makes a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages between these three methods to conclude which of them brings greater benefits to the industry today.