Composition of the conjunctive microflora of the patients before outbulatory cataract surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Y.V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Podyninogina ◽  
L.V. Demakova ◽  
N.V. Ogorodova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Propionibacterium Granulosum ◽  
Key Words Cataract Surgery

Purpose. Study of the composition of the conjunctival cavity in healthy patients before elective outpatient cataract surgery. Material and methods. The contents of the conjunctival cavity were examined in 30 patients who were admitted to the ophthalmological departments of the Kirov Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital for the surgical treatment of cataracts as planned. Results. The growth of microflora was detected in 100% of the studied patients when examining crops from the conjunctiva. Most of the identified microorganisms are representatives of the normal microflora of the human skin and mucous membranes. Conclusion. 1. The structure of the conjunctival microflora in patients before elective cataract surgery has a wide spectrum – aerobes (Staphilococcus aureus, Staphilococcus epidermidis) and anaerobes (Propionibacterium granulosum), gram-positive (Corinebacterium spp.) and gram-negative (Klebsiella sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) microorganisms, as well as fungi of the genus Candida. 2. The most common representatives of the conjunctival cavity microflora are Candida fungi (72.4%), E. coli (65.5%), Enterococcus sp. (55.2%), Klebsiella sp. (55.2%), Strp.pyogenes (51.7%), which should be taken into account when prescribing antibacterial therapy in the pre – and postoperative period. Key words: cataract surgery, conjunctival microflora.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Newer and Conventional Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fosfomycin and Colistin, against Selected Gram-Negative Bacilli in Kuwait

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadha Alfouzan ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
David Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

Limited data are available on susceptibilities of these organisms to some of the recently made accessible antimicrobial agents. The in vitro activities of newer antibiotics, such as, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) along with some “older” antibiotics, for example fosfomycin (FOS) and colistin (CL) were determined against selected strains (resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial agents) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microbroth dilution. 133 isolates: 46 E. coli, 39 K. pneumoniae, and 48 P. aeruginosa were tested. Results showed that E. coli isolates with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 4/32 μ g / mL for FOS; 0.25/32 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.25/8 μ g / mL for CZA, exhibited susceptibility rates of 95.7%, 97.8%, 76.1%, and 89.1%, respectively. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae strains with MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μ g / mL for CL; 256/512 μ g / mL for FOS; 2/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 0.5/128 μ g / mL for CZA showed susceptibility rates of 92.3%, 7.7%, 51.3%, and 64.1%, respectively. P. aeruginosa isolates with MIC50/90, 1/1 μ g / mL for CL; 128/128 μ g / mL for C/T; 32/64 μ g / mL for CZA presented susceptibility rates of 97.9%, 33.3%, and 39.6%, respectively. Higher MICs were demonstrated against most of the antibiotics. However, CL retained efficacy at low MICs against most of the isolates tested.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteremic Gram-Negative Bacteria with Emphasis on Community-Acquired Resistant Isolates: Report from the 2019 Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Yu-Lin Lee ◽  
Min-Chi Lu ◽  
Pei-Lan Shao ◽  
Po-Liang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT A multicenter collection of bacteremic isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 423), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 372), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 300), and Acinetobacter baumannii complex (n = 199) was analyzed for susceptibility. Xpert Carba-R assay and sequencing for mcr genes were performed for carbapenem- or colistin-resistant isolates. Nineteen (67.8%) carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (n = 28) and one (20%) carbapenem-resistant E. coli (n = 5) isolate harbored blaKPC (n = 17), blaOXA-48 (n = 2), and blaVIM (n = 1) genes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of intra-abdominal infection isolates from Indian hospitals during 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Infection ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Very High

A total of 542 clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli from intra-abdominal infections were collected during 2008 from seven hospitals in India participating in the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Isolates were from various infection sources, the most common being gall bladder (30.1 %) and peritoneal fluid (31.5 %), and were mostly hospital-associated isolates (70.8 %) as compared to community-acquired (26.9 %). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (62.7 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3 %). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) rates in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were very high, at 67 % and 55 %, respectively. Most isolates exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics. The most active drugs were generally ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. However, hospital-acquired isolates in general, as well as ESBL-positive isolates, exhibited lower susceptibilities than community-acquired isolates. Further surveillance monitoring of intra-abdominal isolates from India is recommended.

scholarly journals Syndemics of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae: A Global Ecological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
General Population ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Prevalence

It is unclear how important it is to reduce fluoroquinolone consumption in the general population to prevent the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bystander selection). Methods We assessed bystander selection by using Spearman’s correlation to assess if the country-level prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was correlated with the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in four other gram-negative species - Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was positively associated with homologous resistance in all 4 species - A. baumanii. (ρ=0.61, P=0.0003, E. coli (ρ=0.67, P<0.0001), K. pneumoniae (ρ=0.52, P=0.0004) and P. aeruginosa (ρ=0.40, P=0.0206). Positive associations were also found between the national prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and fluoroquinolone consumption in the general population in the preceding year for 4 of the 5 species. Conclusions Gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance can be productively viewed as being part of a syndemic of fluoroquinolone resistance. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs may help retard the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Outbreak of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a case report and brief literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052110553
Author(s):  
Kasra Cheraqpour ◽  
Aliasghar Ahmadraji ◽  
Seyed Ali Tabatabaei ◽  
Bahram Bohrani Sefidan ◽  
Mohammad Soleimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Postoperative Endophthalmitis ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Source Of Infection

Endophthalmitis is the most serious complication of cataract surgery. A cluster of endophthalmitis is a devastating event for surgeons. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main causative pathogen of Gram-negative endophthalmitis, which can be suggestive of the occurrence of an outbreak. Ten patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed by one surgeon were analyzed in this study. At presentation, five patients had obvious clinical findings of endophthalmitis with visual acuity of light perception, two patients had poor light perception/no light perception of vision complicated by concomitant keratitis, and three patients had earlier signs of infection (e.g., a lower degree of anterior chamber and vitreous cells, better presenting visual acuity, and greater visibility of the fundus). Investigations revealed that the source of infection was growth of P. aeruginosa on the phaco probe. All of the surgeries had been performed by the same contaminated probe without sterilization between surgeries. This finding emphasizes the importance of strict adherence to sterility protocols during high-risk surgeries such as intraocular surgeries. Additionally, this report aims to emphasize to surgeons that negligence of simple but vital steps of sterility for any reason, such as limitations in time or equipment, can lead to catastrophic events.

scholarly journals Siderophore production by Gram-negative rods isolated from human polymicrobial infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Mokracka ◽  
Ewa Cichoszewska ◽  
Adam Kaznowski
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Siderophore Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

Siderophore production by Gram-negative rods isolated from human polymicrobial infectionsA total of 137 strains isolated from 67 mixed bacterial infections were examined for production and interchangeability of siderophores. The isolates comprised 109 strains belonging to 15 species of Enterobacteriaceae and 28 isolates of 6 species of non-fermenting rods. In 36 mixed infections (53.7%), the strains secreted siderophores of the same type. This concerned mostly strains belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae (46.3%), which produced enterobactin. We selected 37 pairs of strains that produced different siderophores. The strains examined were not able to use siderophores produced by the other isolate of the pair, except for 3 strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosathat used chelators excreted by enterobactin-producingE. coli.Our research indicates that in mixed polymicrobial infections the interchangeability of siderophores is possible, although it seems to be rare. More common is the production and secretion of the same chelator by strains participating in one infection, which definitely leads to an increase in the amount of iron chelator at the site of infection and, consequently, may enhance the virulence potential of bacteria, as the amount of siderophore seems to be directly related to the pathogenicity of a strain.

Features of cataract surgery in a public health institution during a pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Y.V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
◽  
L.V. Demakova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Key Words Cataract Surgery

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of the KGBUZ «KKOB» in the context of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 using the example of cataract surgery. Material and methods. Based on regulatory documents aimed at preventing the spread of COVID-19, internal orders were issued that regulated the work of our institution. The actions of the clinic's services were regulated when a building was converted into a «covid hospital», as well as when employees of the institution were transferred to work in a covid hospital. Results. New rules for organizing and conducting medical and diagnostic procedures have been developed. The number of cataract surgeries decreased in 2020 and in the first half of 2021. The duration of the stay of patients with cataracts in a round-the-clock hospital decreased, amounting to 3 days. The waiting times for surgical treatment of cataracts have remained practically unchanged. Conclusion. Despite significant changes in the work of the clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of surgical treatment for cataracts has decreased slightly. Thanks to the measures taken to reconfigure the processes, it was possible to keep the work of the institution at an acceptable level. Key words: cataract surgery, COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evernimicin Binds Exclusively to the 50S Ribosomal Subunit and Inhibits Translation in Cell-Free Systems Derived from both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. McNicholas ◽  
David J. Najarian ◽  
Paul A. Mann ◽  
David Hesk ◽  
Roberta S. Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Translation

ABSTRACT Evernimicin (SCH 27899) is a new antibiotic with activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive bacteria and activity against some gram-negative bacteria. Previous metabolic labeling studies indicated that evernimicin specifically inhibited protein synthesis inStaphylococcus aureus. Using a susceptibleEscherichia coli strain, we demonstrated that evernimicin also inhibited protein synthesis in E. coli. In cell-free translation assays with extracts from either E. coli orS. aureus, evernimicin had a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 125 nM. In contrast, cell-free systems derived from wheat germ and rabbit reticulocytes were inhibited only by very high levels of evernimicin. Evernimicin did not promote transcript misreading. [14C]evernimicin specifically bound to the 50S subunit from E. coli. Nonlinear regression analysis of binding data generated with 70S ribosomes from E. coli andS. aureus and 50S subunits from E. colireturned dissociation constants of 84, 86, and 160 nM, respectively. In binding experiments, performed in the presence of excess quantities of a selection of antibiotics known to bind to the 50S subunit, only the structurally similar drug avilamycin blocked binding of [14C]evernimicin to ribosomes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in a Regional Central Hospital in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixun Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhenzhong Liu ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: Considering the dynamic changes of MDR, we did an up-to-date study and analyzed the impact of MDR on the outcome of patients. Design: Collected MDR isolated from hospitalized patients between June 2018 and May 2020 and performed retrospective analysis. Setting: This study was conducted in a public regional central hospital in China.Patients: 1156 patients with MDR infections.Results: Total 1291 MDRS were isolated, intensive care unit (ICU) accounted for 32.3% as the most. The main samples were sputum (75.1%) and 89.6% MDR were Gram-negative. The most common MDR were Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing E. coli. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae. 35.6% were nosocomial infections and 64.4% were community-acquired infections. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality between patients infected with MDR and those with non-MDR (7.4% [32/432] vs 2.6% [17/655]; P = 0.001). The Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were mainly sensitive to tigecycline. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mainly sensitive to amikacin and levofloxacin. More than 80% of the Escherichia coli were sensitive to tigecycline and carbapenems. More than 90% of MRSA were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and quinoprptin / daptoptin.Conclusions: The MDRS are mainly gram-negative bacteria. ICU contributes most MDR and pulmonary infection is the main origin of MDR. MDR infection is an independent risk factor for death. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, should be paid more attention. This study is helpful to understand the distribution of MDR in hospital and the extent of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Regulatory Conservation and Divergence of ς32 Homologs from Gram-Negative Bacteria: Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (9) ◽  
pp. 2402-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Nakahigashi ◽  
Hideki Yanagi ◽  
Takashi Yura
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Heat Shock Genes ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shock Response

ABSTRACT The heat shock response in Escherichia coli is mediated primarily by the rpoH gene, encoding ς32, which is specifically required for transcription of heat shock genes. A number of ς32 homologs have recently been cloned from gram-negative bacteria that belong to the gamma or alpha subdivisions of the proteobacteria. We report here some of the regulatory features of several such homologs (RpoH) expressed in E. coli as well as in respective cognate bacteria. When expressed in an E. coli ΔrpoH strain lacking its own ς32, these homologs activated the transcription of heat shock genes (groE and dnaK) from the start sites normally used in E. coli. The level of RpoH inSerratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosacells was very low at 30°C but was elevated markedly upon a shift to 42°C, as found previously with E. coli. The increased RpoH levels upon heat shock resulted from both increased synthesis and stabilization of the normally unstable RpoH protein. In contrast, the RpoH level in Proteus mirabilis was relatively high at 30°C and increased less markedly upon heat shock, mostly by increased synthesis; this ς32 homolog was already stable at 30°C, and little further stabilization occurred upon the shift to 42°C. The increased synthesis of RpoH homologs in all these gamma proteobacteria was observed even in the presence of rifampin, suggesting that the induction occurred at the level of translation. Thus, the basic regulatory strategy of the heat shock response by enhancing the RpoH level is well conserved in the gamma proteobacteria, but some divergence in the actual mechanisms used occurred during evolution.

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