Fractality as a Fundamental Principle of Monument Poems Organization

Tere is a centuries-old tradition of writing monument poems, while their content and form changed under the influence of the artistic context of different literary eras and due to differences in the authors’ conceptual pictures of the world. Tis type of poetic texts is the object of research by Russian and foreign scholars, but the approach to the analysis of “monuments” is rather one-sided: they are studied from the point of view of preserving and developing genre traditions. Te article offers a new look into this phenomenon − the fractal principle of the monument poems organization. Te relevance of the problem is beyond doubt, since synergetic research makes it possible to illuminate in a new way the stages of a literary text formation due to the inclusion of various monument poems in the intertext of Russian literature. Poems-”monuments” with a fractal organization, act as a nonlinear synergistic self-organizing system. Self-similarity is the main property of fractals, causing fractal changes, which repeat themselves on different scales and take different confgurations. Using the methods of linguistic observation, conceptual analysis and the descriptive method, the author comes to the following conclusions: in classical texts a monument poem acts as a semantic fractal, since the texts practically do not change structurally and contain all markers of the conceptual fractal. Non-classical texts are represented as a structural fractal, because they preserve only general formal features of a conceptual fractal, its content is subject to transformation by the poet’s artistic intention, specifc historical time and other factors.

Cell Mechanics and Signalization: SARS-CoV-2 Hijacks Membrane Liquid Crystals and Cytoskeletal Fractal Topology

We highlight changes to cell signaling under virus invasion (with the example of SARS-CoV-2), involving disturbance of membranes (plasma, mitochondrial, endothelial-alveolar) and of nanodomains, modulated by the cytoskeleton. Virus alters the mechanical properties of the membranes, impairing mesophase structures mediated by the fractal architecture initiated by actomyosin. It changes the topology of the membrane and its lipid composition distribution. Mechano-transduction, self-organization and topology far from equilibrium are omnipresent. We propose that the actomyosin contractility generates the cytoskeletons fractal organization. We focus on three membranar processus: The transition from lamellar configuration in cell and viral membranes to a bi-continuous organization in the presence of ethanolamine. (The energy for this transition is provided by change of the folding of the viral fusion protein from metastable to stable state). The action of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein on the external mitochondrial envelope in contact with mitochondrial-associated membranes, modified by viral endoribonuclease, distorting innate immune response. The increased permeability of the epithelial-alveolar-pulmonary barrier involves the cytoskeleton membranes. The pulmonary surfactant is also perturbed in its liquid crystal state. Viral subversion disorganizes membrane structure and functions and thus the metabolism of the cell. We advocate systematic multidisciplinary exploration of membrane mesophases and their links with fractal dynamics, to enable novel therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Concept of fractal organization of organic business systems

Purpose. The purpose of the article is determining the possibilities of fractal approach, as the one that enables not only flexibility and viability, but also, management efficiency improvement, new competencies of the company formation, self-renewal ability formation and conflicts of interest between structural subdivisions in complex vertically integrated structures elimination, to the organization of implementation of organic business entities. Methodology / approach. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and specific methods of economic phenomena and processes cognition. Therefore, the following methods have been applied: logical generalization (in determining the properties and benefits of agricultural business systems of the fractal type); comparison (when the practice of functioning of properties of organic products is analyzed); abstract-logical (when features of the functioning of network structures in fractally organized business systems are designed); monographic (in the study of the recent concepts of the functioning of fractal organized business systems); graphic (for visual presentation of the cooperation network of vertically integrated structure members); heuristic (when formulating conclusions and generalizations, as well as when justifying the directions for future research of the business system). Results. The essence of fractal business organization and the properties of fractal type business systems have been identified which include heterarchy, structure complexity, self-organization, self-optimization, openness, as well as autonomy and elements. The fractally organized business systems benefits in agribusiness compared with agrarian business systems with a traditional structure and management system have been determined. The existence of objective prerequisites for organic farms fractalization has been substantiated, which is already inherent in some of fractally organized business systems properties. The properties and features of fractally organized business systems of network structures functioning have been defined. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time the substantiation of fractal type business systems formation in agriculture is proved, organic production in particular (previously expediency of fractal type business systems was studied only for industrial enterprises use). In particular, potential subjects of fractalization in organic production are identified, which include complex diversified agricultural business systems; the properties and advantages of fractally organized organic farms are identified and formalized, that are defined for a single fractal as well as a business system in general; the network structure of fractally organized organic farms is substantiated, particularly the relationship structure, network interaction rules, properties and values of fractally organized business structures in organic farming. In addition, the identification and formalization of the factors that affect Ukrainian organic production development got further development. Practical value / implications. To ensure the fulfillment of obligations by all parties as well as maintaining the basic principles of fractal organization in the field of goal-setting the function of the institutional environment is proposed. As PE “Gallex-Agro” is the vivid example of interconnections network that corresponds to the features of fractal business systems design, vertically integrated structure of member’s interaction network is designed at its case.

The making of cauliflowers: the story of unsuccessful flowers

The arrangement of plant organs, called phyllotaxis, produce remarkable spiral or whorled patterns. Cauliflowers present a unique phyllotaxis with a multitude of spirals over a wide range of scales. How such a self-similar fractal organization emerges from developmental mechanisms has remained elusive. Combining experimental assays with modeling, we found that cauliflowers arise due to the hysteresis of the bistable floral network that generates inflorescences imprinted by a transient floral state. We further show how additional mutations affecting meristem growth dynamics can induce the production of conical phyllotactic structures reminiscent of the conspicuous fractal Romanesco shape. This study reveals how the spectacular morphological modification of the inflorescences in cauliflower and Romanesco shape arises from the hysteresis of the genetic programs controlling inflorescence development.One Sentence SummaryThe molecular making of cauliflowers

Fractal Semiotics Modeling of Concept Cup in Religious Texts

The article considers the concept CUP as a special fractal-semiotic object in the field of the interaction of language and culture. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the increased interest in the application of a systematic approach to the study of a linguistic object, in particular to the use of a fractal approach to analyze the structure of a concept, including figurative and reflective components. The subject of the review is the fractal organization of the concept CUP in the speech-thought process. The mechanism of this concept, correlating between the mega-level (the spiritual semiosphere) and the micro-level (text), depends on the features of speech organizational patterns with which the synergistic principle of integrity is manifested. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it reveals the experience of representing the structure of the concept CUP, reconstructed on the basis of Russian contexts with religious content. The fractality of this structure is due to the non-linear nature of the development by a number of symbolized values (LSW) cup . Quantitative data makes it possible to trace the features of symbolization (a movement from subject to symbol) and to justify the possibility of using the concept of fractal as a linguistic approach. The material for the analysis was religious texts that are distinguished by a pattern of implicit meanings and hierarchical internal organization, such as interpretations of scripture, instruction on spiritual life, patristic heritage, and sermons. The aim of the work is to present the structure of the concept CUP and to reveal its specifics of a dynamic nature by taking into account external and self-referential signs, as well as to consider the corresponding patterns of thinking that are repeatedly represented in religious contexts. The analysis showed that the semantics of the concept CUP incorporate a large volume of symbolic meanings. It has been established that at the lexical level, the language unit cup is formed over time and an abstract complex meaning or invariant meaning would be activated. These complex invariants are more likely open conceptual schemes that are given importance depending on contextual conditions, and this occurs as a result of cognitive operations at the conceptual level.

Infants’ gaze exhibits a fractal structure that varies by age and stimulus salience

The development of selective visual attention is critical for effectively engaging with an ever-changing world. Its optimal deployment depends upon interactions between neural, motor, and sensory systems across multiple timescales and neurocognitive loci. Previous work illustrates the spatio-temporal dynamics of these processes in adults, but less is known about this emergent phenomenon early in life. Using data (n = 190; 421 visits) collected between 3 and 35 months of age, we examined the spatio-temporal complexity of young children’s gaze patterns as they viewed stimuli varying in semantic salience. Specifically, we used detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to quantify the extent to which infants’ gaze patterns exhibited scale invariant patterns of nested variability, an organizational feature thought to reflect self-organized and optimally flexible system dynamics that are not overly rigid or random. Results indicated that gaze patterns of even the youngest infants exhibited fractal organization that increased with age. Further, fractal organization was greater when children (a) viewed social stimuli compared to stimuli with degraded social information and (b) when they spontaneously gazed at faces. These findings suggest that selective attention is well-organized in infancy, particularly toward social information, and indicate noteworthy growth in these processes across the first years of life.

Fractal Genomics of SOD1 Evolution

To understand the fundamental processes of gene evolution such as the impact of point mutations and segmental duplications on statistical topography, Superoxide Dismutase-1 (SOD1) orthologous sequences (n=50) were studied. These demonstrated scale invariant self-similarity patterns and long-range correlations (LRC) indicating fractal organization. Phylogenetic hierarchies changed when SOD1 orthologs were grouped according to fractal measures, indicating statistical topographies can be used to study gene evolution. Sliding window k-mer analysis showed that majority of k-mers across all SOD1 orthologs were unique, with very few duplications. Orthologs from simpler species contributed minimally (<1% of k-mers) to more complex species. Both simple and complex random processes failed to produce significant matching k-mer sequences for SOD1 orthologs. Point mutations causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis did not impact the fractal organization of human SOD1. Hence, SOD1 did not evolve by a patchwork of repetitive sequences modified by point mutations. Instead, this study proposes that SOD1 gene sequences evolved by regulated interweaving of unique oligomer sequences that led to LRC, signifying convergent evolution.Summary StatementSOD1 has long-range correlations which resulted not from point mutations, segmental duplications or patching together sequences from simpler organisms. Instead, SOD1 underwent convergent evolution by repeated unique sequence assemblies.

Conclusion

The book concludes with a close examination of De Palma’s Femme Fatale as the exemplary experiment with a pure cinematic philosophy of the image and its praxis within visual, aural and narrative structures. The fragment is now intensified into a pure abstract geometric form in which the formal fragment takes on the qualities of a fractal organization in spatial and temporal relation. The fragment is analyzed in Femme Fatale in relation to shot scale (the close-up), the intensified split-screen sequence, the collage image (the concluding frame of the film), and Ryuichi Sakamoto’s reflexive imitation of Ravel’s Boléro theme. The book concludes with a hypothesis that the irreducible fragment of a pure cinematic form is suggestive of what Tarkovsky once called “the absolute image.”

How does Ca modify the surface reactivity of Fe-OM aggregates against Arsenic binding?

&lt;p&gt;Iron-Organic Matter (Fe-OM) aggregates produced by redox alternation in wetlands are a key factor in the control of metallic pollutants mobility. Their ability to adsorb metal(loid)s depends on the size, morphology and structural arrangement between Fe and OM phases, which are mainly controlled by the OM occurrence. The physical, chemical and morphological organization of such aggregates is influenced by the physico-chemical conditions prevailing in the environment. Calcium (Ca) is a common major ion in natural waters which exhibits high affinity for OM. It can thus modify the size and the structural organization of Fe-OM aggregates and, subsequently, their &amp;#160;ability to bind metal(loid)s. Among metal(loids), arsenic (As) is of major importance because of its high toxicity and its high affinity towards Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides. Moreover, Fe-OM aggregates are an important factor controlling the mobility of arsenic (As) in the environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mimetic natural Fe-OM aggregates were synthesized at various Fe/OM and Ca/Fe ratios. After a fine characterization of the size and structural organization, Fe-OM-Ca associations were used to perform As binding sorption experiments at 2 As/Fe ratios. The suspensions were stirred during 24h and subsequently filtrated ant ultra-filtrated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study demonstrates that Ca strongly influences the Fe-OM aggregates physical organisation. For low Ca/Fe ratio, Fe phases exhibit a fractal organization in which Fe phases are composed of oligomers, and primary nano-aggregates (around 6 nm) which aggregate in larger Fe secondary aggregates (&gt;200 nm). Both are embedded in the OM matrix composed of isolated molecules and OM aggregates. For high Ca/Fe ratios, OM, Fe oligomers and primary nano-aggregates form a large continuous network where Fe phases are connected by OM large molecules. With the increasing Ca/Fe ratio, the amount of Fe oligomers decreases to the benefit of larger primary nano-aggregates (increase of their geometrical radius). Ultrafiltration experiments demonstrated that DOC, Fe, Ca and As follow the same size distribution. Surprisingly, As sorption increases with the increasing size and amount of primary nano-aggregates and the formation of the large network. SAXS analyses revealed that in such network, the distance between primary nano-aggregates increases as compared to their distance in secondary aggregates. All this results suggest that, with the increasing Ca/Fe ratio, although the primary nano-aggregates size increase, their structural distance allows to rise the availability of their binding site for As.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates that Ca not only controls the Fe-OM structural organization but also its subsequent capacity to bind toxic elements such as As. These results are of major importance since such parameter was never so clearly evidence. They show that the actual representation of the physical organisation of Fe-OM aggregates and its reactivity have to be renewed as well as the geochemical models.&lt;/p&gt;