Effects of Different Fluting Medium Geometries on Von-Mises Stress and Deformation in Single Fluted Board: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Paperboard box produced in large volume for packaging purpose either to pack light or heavy product. When a heavy product is packed, high strength and structural stability against compression and deformation of the paperboard box are demanded. This paper investigates the effects of different shape of fluting mediums on the von Mises stress and deformation using finite element analysis (FEA) tool. Solidworks and ANSYS software were used to design a 3-D model and perform static structural analysis, respectively. The result from the analysis and simulation revealed that common s-shape geometry experienced the lowest von Mises stress and deformation. Honeycomb geometry experienced the highest von Mises stress of 0.19576 MPa while triangle fluting medium recorded the highest deformation at 1.8695E-4mm.

Batteries aid nickel value, stainless steel reduces it

Subject Nickel market outlook Significance The nickel price has risen by nearly 50% since the start of 2016 but is still worth only around one fifth of its value a decade ago. Trends in physical inventories in Shanghai and London are diverging. China’s refined production fell by 20% in the first three quarters of 2017 and stockpiles in Shanghai halved. In contrast, stock levels at warehouses managed by London Metals Exchange remain higher, covering a quarter of annual demand. Nickel supply and demand are largely in balance but leading commodity traders, including Glencore and Trafigura, warn of an upcoming shortage. Impacts If a substantial shortage develops in the type of nickel crucial for electric vehicles (EVs), prices could rise, raising final EV prices. Environmental regulations will tighten, constraining refining additions; Vale and Norilsk are already unable to continue new projects. Rising prices for European benchmark ferrochrome nickel will encourage stainless steel producers to focus on nickel-heavy product classes. After a nickel receipt forgery at one of Glencore's subsidiaries, authentication procedures will tighten and product delivery will slow.

Separation Process of Fine Coals by Ultrasonic Vibration Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed

Ultrasonic vibration gas-solid fluidized bed was proposed and introduced to separate fine coals (0.5–0.125 mm fraction). Several technological methods such as XRF, XRD, XPS, and EPMA were used to study the composition of heavy products to evaluate the separation effect. Results show that the ultrasonic vibration force field strengthens the particle separation process based on density when the vibration frequency is 35 kHz and the fluidization number is 1.8. The ash difference between the light and heavy products and the recovery of combustible material obtain the maximum values of 47.30% and 89.59%, respectively. The sulfur content of the heavy product reaches the maximum value of 6.78%. Chemical state analysis of sulfur shows that organic sulfur (-C-S-), sulfate-sulfur (-SO4), and pyrite-sulfur (-S2) are confirmed in the original coal and heavy product. Organic sulfur (-C-S-) is mainly concentrated in the light product, and pyrite-sulfur (-S2) is significantly enriched in the heavy product. The element composition, phase composition, backscatter imagery, and surface distribution of elements for heavy product show concentration of high-density minerals including pyrite, quartz, and kaolinite. Some harmful elements such as F, Pb, and As are also concentrated in the heavy product.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Vanadium in Syrian Oil Using 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide Reagent

New, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of V(V) in crude oil and its heavy product. The method is based on the formation of colored complex between V(V) and 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide (DPCI). The method involves the reaction of V(V) with DPCI in presence of buffer solution of pH 6.8 to form colored complex with λmax at 530 nm. The fixed time method (2000 Sec) was adopted for constructing the calibration curve. The linearity range was found to be (2-12) mg/L. The correlation coefficient was 0.9999 and the limit of detection was found to be 0.349 mg/L. The method is feasible with the calibration equations obtained, which makes this method more applicable. Statistical treatment of the experimental results indicates that the method is precise, selective and accurate. The method was successfully applied for determination of V(V) in Syrian crude oil and its heavy product.

RULA Analysis of Work-Related Disorder among Packaging Industry Worker Using Digital Human Modeling (DHM)

Musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) is the common health problems for the industrial workers. This health problem can contribute to long term effect on the production performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the posture of industrial worker in packaging industry using the RULA assessment in CATIA P3 V5R14 software. The working posture was reconstructed and developed in the CATIA P3 V5R14 software and then RULA assessment was conducted. From the RULA analysis, several awkward postures were detected to be high in risk factors. The postures in risk are postures 1,2 and 5 which mainly involve lifting heavy product and excessive bending. As a conclusion the RULA assessment was able to detect the problematic postures and further improvement can be conducted to avoid discomfort or further health complication.

Conveying Characteristics of a New-Type Dry Separator

The bed stiffness and install angle of the separator were determined by experiment. The high stiffness distributor with 6.5° reverse angle is suitable. Heavy product conveying velocity and efficiency were investigated at various air flows and throwing indexes. The results show air flow and throwing index have significant effect on velocity and efficiency in the conveying. When the conveying time was 20s, with the increasing of air flow and throwing index, the velocity and efficiency improved accordingly. Accordingly, when the conveying time was up to 40s, the efficiency tended to be stable and was above 90%.

Compressive Performance Investigation between Thin Honeycomb Paperboard and Corrugated Paperboard of Flute A

Thin honeycomb paperboard(THPB) is an emerging carton material instead of corrugated paperboard(CPB) recently, public research results and comparative data have not yet found at present. CPB of flute A is selected as contrast material in the paper since its thickness and density are similar to THPB, then properties of two kinds of paperboard are researched and compared according to test methods of edgewise compressive strength for sandwich structure, flatwise crush strength and edgewise crush strength for corrugated paperboard. The results showed that the compressive capacity of THPB in edgewise compressive, flatwise crush and edgewise crush performance is higher than that of CPB of flute A. THPB can be applied to carton for large and heavy product, especially for the package under multidirectional compression.

Application of Hydrogen Storage Materials in Hydrogenation of Coal-Derived Preasphaltene

The hydrogenation of preasphaltene (PA), from Chinese Xiaolongtan lignite liquefied heavy product, was investigated with hydrogen storage materials in a batch autoclave. The effects of reaction conditions such as hydrogen storage materials and temperature on the yields of gas+oil, asphaltene, char and the conversions of preasphaltene were discussed. Preliminary studies indicate that increasing temperature not only improves hydrogen donor performance of hydrogen storage materials but also enhances conversion of feedstock PA and gas+oil yield. The conversion of PA and the yield gas+oil get to 72.02% and 41.46%, respectively, under 5% MgH2, 5MPa initial hydrogen pressure, temperature 420°C and reaction time 30min. Meanwhile MgH2 is stronger than NaBH4 in hydrodeoxygenation of PA under the same conditions. Elemental and FTIR analyses were used to illustrate the structural characteristics of feedstock PA and remaining preasphaltene (RPA).

Friendly-Contention Ads Using Multiple Endorsers: Assessing Source Effects On Attribute Perceptions And Brand Attitudes

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Our study is a preliminary investigation of multiple-source friendly-contention ads in which various endorsers argue about the brand's main benefit(s).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results demonstrate that such an ad convinced viewers that originally seemingly inconsistent attributes and benefits could both be found in the advertised brand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Further, the tested advertising format produced more favorable brand attitudes than did an equivalently informative single-source ad version.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The argumentative ad appears entirely appropriate in industries where a company wishes to target heavy product users.</span></span></p>