Civil-legal terms in contractual system

Objective: to develop the “term” concept in the contract system legislation and to identify the features of terms calculation, taking into account the wording of the Federal Law “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, and services for state and municipal needs” of 02.07.2021.Methods: general scientific and specific scientific research methods are used in the work.Results: the legislation on the contract system does not register the “term” concept, but establishes it in all procedures and for all participants of the contract system. Terms violation entails administrative liability for both legal entities and officials. The entire logistics of procurement activities is connected with terms. As a result of the study, the following features related to terms in the contract system were identified: a) the terms calculation in the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, and services for state and municipal needs must be carried out in accordance with Chapter 11 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; b) Monday to Friday, except for federal official holidays, as well as other non-working days established by the authorities of the Russian Federation, should be considered working days; c) taking into account the high administrative responsibility for these offenses, if possible, to add to the established minimum and to subtract from the maximum period at least one day for unforeseen technical failures, in addition to the calculated period; d) in the legal structure “from the day following the day”, when establishing the maximum preventive terms in the law, to calculate the terms from the day of the event, the minimum preventive terms – from the day following the specified event; e) in some cases, as, for example, when concluding a contract, the customer should not only comply with all the terms of the formula “not more”, but also plan so that at the last stage there is no contradiction between “not more” and “not less”; f) the calculation of the terms provided by Law for the placement of electronic documents and information in the UIS starts from the moment they are placed in the UIS. Individual documents are placed in the UIS through the Treasury, the territorial body of which has the right to form notifications about the passage of control of these objects of control during the next working day. At that, the placement of control objects in the UIS will be carried out on the next working day from the date of their referral for control to the appropriate Treasury body.Scientific novelty: the article for the first time examines the norms and rules for calculating the terms stipulated in the Federal Law “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, and services for state and municipal needs” as amended on 02.07.2021, and analyzes regulatory legal acts in the field of procurement that come into force on January 1, 2022.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the calculation of terms in the field of procurement.

Phanerozoic parasitism and marine metazoan diversity: dilution versus amplification

Growing evidence suggests that biodiversity mediates parasite prevalence. We have compiled the first global database on occurrences and prevalence of marine parasitism throughout the Phanerozoic and assess the relationship with biodiversity to test if there is support for amplification or dilution of parasitism at the macroevolutionary scale. Median prevalence values by era are 5% for the Paleozoic, 4% for the Mesozoic, and a significant increase to 10% for the Cenozoic. We calculated period-level shareholder quorum sub-sampled (SQS) estimates of mean sampled diversity, three-timer (3T) origination rates, and 3T extinction rates for the most abundant host clades in the Paleobiology Database to compare to both occurrences of parasitism and the more informative parasite prevalence values. Generalized linear models (GLMs) of parasite occurrences and SQS diversity measures support both the amplification (all taxa pooled, crinoids and blastoids, and molluscs) and dilution hypotheses (arthropods, cnidarians, and bivalves). GLMs of prevalence and SQS diversity measures support the amplification hypothesis (all taxa pooled and molluscs). Though likely scale-dependent, parasitism has increased through the Phanerozoic and clear patterns primarily support the amplification of parasitism with biodiversity in the history of life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.

The Energy Output from the Kuching Barrage in East Malaysia

Electricity generation from the sea has many advantages in comparison with other renewable energy resources. Power can be generated from new or existing barrages. Based on previous location research, a suitable system to produce tidal range energy from a potential site was developed in this paper. The main objective of this research is to calculate the energy output of the Kuching Barrage of Sarawak State of Malaysia. The daily flushing process of Kuching Barrage is conducted during the low tide period and therefore to put up the ebb generation process is appropriate. The calculated period of power generation is determined to about 6 hours. The annual energy output is calculated based on a theoretical method, with the average daily potential energy calculated to be 5.8MW and approximately 10.23GWh/year could be harnessed. This research can be beneficial for energy generation with the use of a double basin scheme for the construction of new barrages in East Malaysia.

Spatial variation of date production in Al-Zahdi and Al-Khistawi in Iraq for the duration (2010-2019) and its future predictions

The study is part of agricultural studies that address the productivity problem of the two most prominent types of dates in areas known to have been cultivated since ancient times. Palm cultivation and date production are constantly deteriorating in most of its production areas, so the study summarized the spatial variation of the production of Al-Zahdi and Al-Khistawi in iraq's production provinces for the period (2010-2019), to determine the volume of production and future predictions using approved statistical methods. The study was followed by two main approaches (geospatial analysis method) to determine spatial variations in production (and the inference analysis method) as the simple linear regression model was chosen to find the predictive value of its production in the study area by relying on a time series of production quantity (2010-2019) by provinces and for the two categories through a set of results such as correlation value coefficient and F value of the overall morality of the regression equation and the value (t) of the partial parameters of the parameters. According to this model, the production of the two categories was predicted until 2025, and the results showed a spatial and temporal variation in production at the level of the producing provinces. The hierarchical cluster analysis was used to divide the provinces into clusters with common elements and characteristics in production and which is unique from the rest of the provinces by producing one of the categories, indicating the specificity of these provinces in their production in quantity and quality. Based on the data available from the Ministry of Planning/Central Bureau of Statistics/Directorate of Agricultural Statistics on production volumes at the level of the provinces producing for the calculated period. The study included many tables, charts and illustrative maps, the study also came up with a number of conclusions and proposals, and the study relied on many important sources in the topic.

Productive longevity of Holstein cows of the Leningrad population with different systems of housing

To identify the advantages of a tethering system (TS) or loose-housing system (LHS), a comparative analysis of the level of milk productivity and the duration of productive longevity of cows in the Leningrad Region was carried out for a livestock of 4,272 cows that left in 2015–2019. The following indicators were calculated: period of productive use (PPU) – age in days from the first calving to the retirement of the cow, lifetime milk yield (LTMY); milk yield (kg) for 1 milking day, for 1 day of PPU and 1 day of life (Efficiency of Milk Production – EMP) – calculated by dividing lifetime milk yield by the number of milk days, PPU or life. With TS the LTMY is higher by 10,634 kg, which is obtained for 107 additional days of their productive use, milk production for 1 day of milking, the day of use, EMP is higher by 8,2 kg, 6,7 kg and 4,6 kg, respectively, the majority of cows have an EMP level in the ranges of 10,01–15,00 kg of milk (32,0%) and 15,01–20,00 kg (38,2%), and 11,0% of animals have reached an EMP level of more than 20,00 kg of milk. With LHS mainly cows are concentrated in the ranges of 5,01–10,00 kg of milk (43,6%) and 10,01–15,00 kg of milk (46,6%). Desirable cows with LTMY over 30 thousand kg, and in this range, the EMP is almost 10 times higher with TS (43,9 instead of 4,5%). The results obtained cannot be attributed to the advantages of TS. This is confirmed by the great influence of the father on the EMP (factor «Sire» – 0,679) or the inherent genetic potential of productivity, and only by 0,268 system (factor «System of housing») and by 0,296 (factor «Farm») housing conditions on the farm. The «System of housing» influences more on milk yield per 1 day of PPU than on EMP and LTMY (0,342 instead of 0,268 and 0,110, respectively). The effectiveness of LHS is evidenced by the fact that when comparing animals with the same level of EMP under this system, they are used for a longer time and, accordingly, produce more milk per life. So, with a level of 5,01–10,00 kg of milk, cows have a LTMY of 18,1% more with LHS, which were used for 0,54 lactation with PPU for 211 days longer than analogs with TS. A similar trend is observed at the level of 10,01–15,00 kg (+20,8%, +1,17 lact., +461 days) and at the level of 15,01–20,00 kg (+11,3%, +1,18 lact., +499 days). Therefore, for profitable dairy production with a LTMY of more than 30 thousand kg of milk during the PPU of Holstein cows with a LHS, attention should be paid to the level of the inherent genetic potential of productivity (according to the analyzed sample, at least 8000 kg of milk), that is, to select bulls with high breeding qualities.

INDEKS MITOSIS PUCUK DAUN Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. VARIASI SINGLE PINK PADA BEBERAPA VARIASI WAKTU

AbstrakHibiscus rosa-sinensis L. atau kembang sepatu merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan merepresentasikan sifat poliploidi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Indeks Mitosis (IM) dan jumlah kromosom pucuk daun H. rosa-sinensis pada beberapa variasi waktu. Indeks Mitosis dan waktu pengambilan pucuk sangat diperlukan untuk studi kromosom karena pada tahap tersebut karakter-karakter kromosom dapat diamati dengan jelas dan mudah dihitung. Waktu pengambilan pucuk yang dilakukan yaitu pada 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 WIB. Pembuatan sediaan kromosom dilakukan menggunakan metode squash menggunakan pewarna Aceto-orcein. Tahapan perlakuan meliputi perendaman pucuk daun di dalam air dingin selama 3 jam, fiksasi dalam larutan Carnoy selama ±24 jam, dan hidrolisis dalam larutan HCl 5N selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IM tertinggi meristem pucuk daun H. rosa-sinensis variasi single pink besar muncul pada pukul 10:00 sebesar 94%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu sampling yang optimal untuk analisis kromosom H. rosa-sinensis L. variasi single pink besar adalah pukul 10:00 dengan jumlah kromosom 2n= ca. 69-111. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk studi kromosom selanjutnya serta acuan untuk sampling variasi lainnya.Abstract Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is an ornamental plant that has many benefits and represents the character of polyploidy. The purpose of this study is to find out the Mitotic Index of leaf shoots Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on several shoots sampling times. The Mitotic Index and the timing of shoots sampling time are very necessary for chromosome studies because at this stage chromosomes characters can be clearly observed and easily calculated. Period time of collection the leaf shoots is from 08:00 AM to 16:00 PM, with two hours interval each at 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 . The chromosome preparation was carried out by using the squash method and aceto-orcein staining. The treatment steps included soaking the leaf shoots in cold water for 3 hours, fixation in Carnoy solution for ± 24 hours, and hydrolysis in 5N HCl solution for 30 minutes. The results showed that chromosomes were clearly visualized during the phase with the highest Mitotic Index. In addition, the percentage of Mitotic Index was found to be in line with the percentage of cells in late prophase. Among several sampling time variations, the highest Mitotic Index of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf shoots appeared at 10:00 at 94% with the chromosome numbers of 2n= ca. 69-111. According to the data obtained, it is concluded that 10 AM is the most optimum sampling time that can be used as the basic information for further chromosome studies.

Using Geographic Information Systems for Study of the Natural Fire Risk on the Territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region

This chapter presents a software complex to assess the fire hazard of a territory. The structure includes four subsystems: (1) collection and processing of ground-based remote monitoring data for environmental objects, including daily actual and forecast data of hydrometeorological stations, data on non-forest vegetation fires, and information on the state of vegetation in different time periods and locations of sources of fire; (2) a forecast of the spread of vegetation fires consisting of their calculated period and place of occurrence and calculated time of probable spread of grass fire to the nearest forest area; (3) a probabilistic forecast of fires to determine the areas of vegetation with high forest fire risks on a given day by using the author's method; and (4) planning strategies for the activities of fire services. The verification of this work was carried out on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region.

Development of methods for modeling dynamic thermo-hydraulic conditions for assessing the quality of functioning of heat supply systems

A simulation dynamic model of thermo-hydraulic conditions of heat supply systems (HSS) is presented. The model makes it possible to analyze in time HSS operating conditions with arbitrary configuration and structure, dissimilar loads of heat consumers, taking into account the transport lag of the coolant, cooling along the length of the pipelines, under different weather conditions, disturbances in the system and a given control scenario in the control nodes. To assess the quality, indicators of the degree of heat supply to consumers are proposed. Formulas are given for determining the total, average and average expected deficit (excess) of heat, as well as heat losses in the network, for a calculated period of time under the given control rules. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the operating conditions by the coefficient of efficient use of energy for the billing period. To take into account the real cost of heat, a mathematical model and a method for calculating nodal prices are presented.

Peritoneal mesothelioma and asbestos exposure: a population-based case–control study in Lombardy, Italy

ObjectivesAsbestos is the main risk factor for peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM). However, due to its rarity, PeM has rarely been investigated in community-based studies. We examined the association between asbestos exposure and PeM risk in a general population in Lombardy, Italy.MethodsFrom the regional mesothelioma registry, we selected PeM cases diagnosed in 2000–2015. Population controls (matched by area, gender and age) came from two case–control studies in Lombardy on lung cancer (2002–2004) and pleural mesothelioma (2014). Assessment of exposure to asbestos was performed through a quantitative job-exposure matrix (SYN-JEM) and expert evaluation based on a standardised questionnaire. We calculated period-specific and gender-specific OR and 90% CI using conditional logistic regression adjusted for age, province of residence and education.ResultsWe selected 68 cases and 2116 controls (2000–2007) and 159 cases and 205 controls (2008–2015). The ORs for ever asbestos exposure (expert-based, 2008–2015 only) were 5.78 (90% CI 3.03 to 11.0) in men and 8.00 (2.56 to 25.0) in women; the ORs for definite occupational exposure were 12.3 (5.62 to 26.7) in men and 14.3 (3.16 to 65.0) in women. The ORs for ever versus never occupational asbestos exposure based on SYN-JEM (both periods) were 2.05 (90% CI 1.39 to 3.01) in men and 1.62 (0.79 to 3.27) in women. In men, clear positive associations were found for duration, cumulative exposure (OR 1.33 (1.19 to 1.48) per fibres/mL-years) and latency.ConclusionsUsing two different methods of exposure assessment we provided evidence of a clear association between asbestos exposure and PeM risk in the general population.