Bounded Verification of Multi-threaded Programs via Lazy Sequentialization

Bounded verification techniques such as bounded model checking (BMC) have successfully been used for many practical program analysis problems, but concurrency still poses a challenge. Here, we describe a new approach to BMC of sequentially consistent imperative programs that use POSIX threads. We first translate the multi-threaded program into a nondeterministic sequential program that preserves reachability for all round-robin schedules with a given bound on the number of rounds. We then reuse existing high-performance BMC tools as backends for the sequential verification problem. Our translation is carefully designed to introduce very small memory overheads and very few sources of nondeterminism, so it produces tight SAT/SMT formulae, and is thus very effective in practice: Our Lazy-CSeq tool implementing this translation for the C programming language won several gold and silver medals in the concurrency category of the Software Verification Competitions (SV-COMP) 2014–2021 and was able to find errors in programs where all other techniques (including testing) failed. In this article, we give a detailed description of our translation and prove its correctness, sketch its implementation using the CSeq framework, and report on a detailed evaluation and comparison of our approach.

Towards a spatialized utopia: romanticism and everyday life in the Marxism of Henri Lefebvre

The presence of the spatial element in the reflections of Henri Lefebvre does not merely result from work involving the translation and adaptation of critical thinking developed up until his time. The realization that not even the highest expression of the critical tradition had sufficiently noticed this crucial dimension of life was one of the connecting points between theoretical advance, represented by the spatial orientation of critique, and the effort to renew the utopian horizon. A very distinct assimilation of the early work of Marx and the proximity to revolutionary romanticism, particularly of Nietzschean extraction, rendered a decisive impact on Lefebvrian conception. Practice, body, pleasure and instincts, recovering their place in the critical social imagination, went on to become the basis for the re-foundation of a theoretical-practical program that involved the formulation of the notion of the right to the city. The perspective of appropriation thus replaced the vague emancipatory statements of the subject's philosophies.

Analysis of Policy Responses to COVID-19: A Qualitative Study in Northern Iran

Background Preparation and financing of treatments, control of disease by limited resources, capacity building for the research and development related to the spread of disease, and measures to prevent and control the infection are known as the most important challenges encountered by the policy-makers involved in an epidemic outbreak. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the policy responses of Babol University of Medical Sciences (BUMS) to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Methods For this purpose, a qualitative study was performed to investigate the policy responses of BUMS to COVID-19 in Babol (northern Iran) from the beginning of January to the end of March, 2021. The statistical population included the experts, pundits, policy-makers and planners involved in four areas of management, treatment, healthcare, and health donation. Data collection was done according to interviews and policy documents, and the obtained data were analyzed based on the Walt and Gilson’s policy triangle framework. Results Interviews and policy documents were determined after several stages of review according to the Walt and Gilson’s policy triangle framework, and the main themes were determined as: policy context, policy analysis, policy-making process, actors and stakeholders, and ways to deal with COVID-19 outbreak. Each theme was divided into 18 sub-themes. Finally, the related topics were extracted from the sub-themes. Conclusions Considering the large number of patients waiting for treatment, most of the decisions and policies were directed to their treatment, and the subject of prevention was at the second priority of policy making. Moreover, there was no practical program or policy for tracking the asymptomatic carriers in the community.

Practical Programs to Achieve Hidayats of Quran in the Reality of the Nation

This study aimed to find practical programs to investigate Hidayats of Quran in the reality of the nation, and to achieve this goal the researcher used the inductive and then deductive method, and divided the research into an introduction, five sections and a conclusion, which included talking about the importance of Hidayats of Quran with an explanation of practical programs to achieve Quranic gifts in the reality of the nation These gifts are passed on when verified, and this study concluded the following results: Hidayats of Quran are of great importance and a decent life is not suitable without them, and we can deliver them to all members of the nation through a practical program based on effective contemporary methods and means. For the Hidayats of Quran to be realized in the reality of the nation, it is necessary to reach all its gatherings and sectors, including mosques, universities, schools, cultural and sports clubs, hospitals and prisons, places of events, means of transportation, camps, waiting halls, homes, etc. A team of scholars, preachers and preachers must be formed. It publishes the Hidayats of Quran and sets models that begin with what the Muslim cannot afford to receive from the Hidayats of Quran, and then they communicate with all the parties that can adopt or help in spreading these Hidayats of Quran. The most important things to achieve Hidayats of Quran in the reality of the nation are the establishment of devotional rites, and transactions The correct way, protecting the religion and its people, avoiding taboos, and avoiding suspicion.

Two Stage Optimization Models of the NCSRPE of Programs from the Perspective of Work

Non-commercial resources provided by employers (NCRPE) are the imperative factor affecting the progress of engineering projects. However, the NCRPE with limited supply ability is rarely considered in the schedule optimization models in previous studies from the perspective of work. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the non-commercial single resource provided by employers (NCSRPE), the optimization principle, characteristics, and tasks. With the initial network, this paper researches the optimization model of the NCSRPE to minimize the supply capacity of the NCSRPE before the implementation and to reduce the actual demand of the NCSRPE to a level slightly below the supply capacity of the production system. NCSRPE optimization and re-optimization models are built based on this, and the Hybrid Particle Swarm Algorithm (HPSA) is used to solve the problem. The results show that the two models can effectively solve the optimization problem of program planning and adjustment under multiple independent stakeholders. Finally, resource balance before the implementation and the re-optimization of resource cutting during the implementation are carried out for artificial aggregate in Program X of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) based on the HPSA. A reasonable and practical program planning and adjustment within different stakeholders can be obtained.

The Kibbutz and the Ashram: Sarvodaya Agriculture, Israeli Aid, and the Global Imaginaries of Indian Development

In the first two decades of Indian independence, members of the Sarvodaya movement—India’s popular, non-state program for Gandhian social uplift—sought to partner with representatives of Israel’s developmental apparatus to build a communal agricultural settlement at Gandhi’s former ashram. Working against the lure of large-scale, Nehruvian development, Cold War politics, and cool formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, Indian votaries of small-scale rural uplift saw in Israeli collective agriculture the chance to give Gandhian “constructive work” a practical program rooted in voluntary, village-based socialism—a goal that eluded Gandhi himself. Israeli planners saw their work with Indian civil society as a means of securing the formal diplomatic sanction largely stymied by India’s relationship with the broader Muslim world. Gandhi’s vision of the Indian “village Republic” and the Israeli model of agrarian collectivism both owed their origins to nineteenth-century utopian thought, and both projects felt anachronistic by the time of their decade-long joint effort, whose initial promise succumbed to realpolitik and the hegemony of the developmental state. Yet their work foregrounds the enduring international stake that Indian civil society maintained in development and nation-building, long presumed to have withered with the arrival of the nation-state.

Epilepsy Transition in Ambulatory Care: Experiences and Benefits of an Epilepsy Transition Team

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages; however, at least 40% of children will continue to have seizures into adulthood. Children and youth with epilepsy (CYE) experience neurologic and extraneurologic changes that can negatively impact self-management skills necessary for optimal adult function. Those with intellectual disability have additional transition challenges. Improving the medical transition process for all CYE is vital and necessary. In this article, we will review some of the biologic, behavioral, psychologic, therapeutic, and social considerations for CYE complicating transition. We will then describe general approaches to transitioning CYE to adult care, specifically methods involving creating a framework with overarching transition aims in place, and share our experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia implementing these approaches. Our comprehensive model for a formal transition policy, team structure, and ongoing assessment supporting CYE transitioning into adult care is a practical program that can be integrated into clinical care. Proper investment in the transition process will translate into measurable, significant long-term benefits for all involved.

Shear Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with GFRP

"Fiber Reinforced Polymers FRP" provide good alternatives to regular reinforcing steel, as their resistance to environmental factors specifies them and provide durability, in addition to their appropriate prices. These polymers are of various compositions and forms, some of which have a basic composition of glass fibers, others contain carbon or additional materials. They have used instead of steel reinforcement as the main longitudinal rebar, also as laminates that can be attached to the concrete surfaces for shear or flexural resistance. In this study, "Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers GFRP" has tested for shear performance, where a practical program has applied. Three "simply supported beams" as control specimens have been prepared and tested, with the other nine beams with different combinations of reinforcement of steel and GFRP for flexure and shear resistance. Specimens have examined and the results have analyzed. The results showed that the use of GFRP as for main reinforcement with GFRP laminates instead of shear steel reinforcement increases the load capacity by 11%, also decreases the deflection by 46%.