Hyvinvointi taustamusiikin kokemuksissa

Well-being in background music experiences: views of service sector employees on working with music Salespeople, waiters, security guards, and hotel workers hear an average of eight hours of music during their workday. In most cases, they do not get to choose the music themselves. According to companies providing and purchasing background music services for service sector workplaces and commercial spaces, the rationale behind its use is to increase sales. However, music is also a spatial element to ”work with”. In this article, we ask what it is like to work with music in service jobs and how employees see the contribution of music to well-being at work. Our material is a ”Background music in the workplace” questionnaire (747 answers) and a form interview material of employees of the Koskikeskus shopping center in Tampere, Finland (66 answers). Respondents report, among other things, whether they feel the music in the workspace is for a particular group of people; who chooses the music; and whether discussions and negotiations concerning music use take place, with other employees or with customers. We analyze the material, emphasizing the respondents’ statements about well-being as expressions of coping, well-being, strain, and satisfaction. We discuss the results with a qualitative study of the topic that emphasizes music as a social and spatial element in the sales situation (Payne et al 2017, Kontukoski & Uimonen 2019). Our data shows that well-being at work and perceived musical agency interact. Occupational well-being plays an important role in looking specifically at work-related well-being and background music. The workspace changes the meanings of music to those of professionality, rendering the employees’ personal relationships to music secondary.

Towards a spatialized utopia: romanticism and everyday life in the Marxism of Henri Lefebvre

The presence of the spatial element in the reflections of Henri Lefebvre does not merely result from work involving the translation and adaptation of critical thinking developed up until his time. The realization that not even the highest expression of the critical tradition had sufficiently noticed this crucial dimension of life was one of the connecting points between theoretical advance, represented by the spatial orientation of critique, and the effort to renew the utopian horizon. A very distinct assimilation of the early work of Marx and the proximity to revolutionary romanticism, particularly of Nietzschean extraction, rendered a decisive impact on Lefebvrian conception. Practice, body, pleasure and instincts, recovering their place in the critical social imagination, went on to become the basis for the re-foundation of a theoretical-practical program that involved the formulation of the notion of the right to the city. The perspective of appropriation thus replaced the vague emancipatory statements of the subject's philosophies.

Relation of the Green Structure and the Appropriation of Public Spaces in Large-Scale Residential Areas

More than a half of residents in some capital cities of the former Socialist block live in large-scale residential areas that had been built from the 1950s to the 1980s. The public space satisfaction in the areas is low, the residents rarely appropriate the yards and streets of the housing complexes. The aim of the paper is to provide a framework for the understanding of residents’ assessment of public space and its relation to the appropriation; the framework can be used for the development of building or landscape architecture projects focused at reconstruction of the public space. Public Space Quality Model is generated in the paper. The model includes three spatial categories that are defined by metrical values, configuration components and dominant spatial elements – elements that determine size, category, and the structure of a space. Using the observation method in the residential areas of the former East Berlin, the research concludes that the model demonstrates the highest precision of predictability of the appropriation intensity of the public space when the green structure is used as the dominant spatial element. A method accompanying the model is presented in the paper that permits to use specific types of trees or shrubs in particular distancing and concrete arrangements to create spaces of high, medium, or low appropriation level in large-scale residential areas.

The Spatial Symbolismin Ghassan Kanafani's Novel " Three Letters from Palestine: An Analytical Study

The researcher in this research paper explores and explains the symbolism of the place where the events took place in Ghassan Kanafani’s novel titled The Three Letters from Palestine. The researcher adopted the qualitative approach in an attempt to examine the symbolism of the spatial element in Three Letters from Palestine and its significance and the deep meaning behind the literal meaning of these symbols. The research reveals the symbolism of place employed in Kanafani's short story, through which he explains his connection to the homeland and concepts related to the Palestinian cause such as belonging to the place, identity, and the Palestinian heritage. This narrative method is one of the methods adopted by Kanafani in his writing, which was intended to link the reader with the events of the short story and its spatial elements.

A 3D Cascaded Spectral–Spatial Element Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Most traditional hyperspectral image (HSI) classification methods relied on hand-crafted or shallow-based descriptors, which limits their applicability and performance. Recently, deep learning has gradually become the mainstream method of HSI classification, because it can automatically extract deep abstract features for classification. However, it remains a challenge to learn more meaningful features for HSI classification from a small training sample set. In this paper, a 3D cascaded spectral–spatial element attention network (3D-CSSEAN) is proposed to solve this issue. The 3D-CSSEAN integrates the spectral–spatial feature extraction and attention area extraction for HSI classification. Two element attention modules in the 3D-CSSEAN enable the deep network to focus on primary spectral features and meaningful spatial features. All attention modules are implemented though several simple activation operations and elementwise multiplication operations. In this way, the training parameters of the network are not added too much, which also makes the network structure suitable for small sample learning. The adopted module cascading pattern not only reduces the computational burden in the deep network but can also be easily operated via plug–expand–play. Experimental results on three public data sets show that the proposed 3D-CSSEAN achieved comparable performance with the state-of-the-art methods.

Public Transportation as a Spatial Marker

Potential benefits of public transportation as a spatial element are going to be examined. This can relate to permanent infrastructure such as rail tracks, physically separated bus lanes, subway stations etc. These are visually noticeable or otherwise significant built spatial elements and are relatively permanent, which might increase the popularity and use of a public transit service in an area by reassuring potential users of the authorities’ strategic commitment to providing high quality transit as well as by becoming part of an areas’ identity. Other physical elements and their design – signage, vehicle appearance, public space redevelopment along corridors etc. – are important in this regard as well, and could either enhance the benefits of permanent infrastructure, or they could be used alone to attempt to achieve the same positive effects. The degree to which these elements can be successful depends also on how they are distributed through space, which in this paper is linked to network or line structure. The network should be clear and easy to understand, enabling users to orient themselves, while also making it easier to apply physical elements which represent the system in space. Thus, the degree to which a public transportation service is represented in space through described elements and their spatial distribution, determines its strength as a spatial marker.

Soft actuated material: Exploration of a programmable composite

This paper describes the development of a programmable composite material and investigates its application in architecture as flexible and controllable surfaces. The composite leverages qualities found in the field of soft robots, that is, strength, precision, and the ability to change shape through vacuum actuation. It is an exploration of a range of applications for shape shifting composites within different phases of architecture. This research has deployed a controlled form-actuator of a designed surface as a reusable and flexible approach for concrete formwork and as a continuously changing spatial element, which aims to create a more engaging relationship between habitat and inhabitant. The design method linked to this composite aims to converge technology and material behavior and therethrough create a more linear process from design to construction. This paper elaborates on the design, simulation and fabrication methods, and their development through empirical research from individual actuatable cells to a controllable multi-cell surface and associated design tool.

An Analysis of Stiffness Matrices of Tube Elements to Assess the Correctness of Modeling Curved Elements of Pipeline Systems

Large-scale work to create a Russian engineering analysis system involves the implementation of a considerable number of specialized tasks, each of which requires an individual approach and specific solutions. The calculation of pipeline systems that can most easily be performed in the version using rods is no exception. Such an approach is the most effective in terms of increasing the speed of calculations, increasing the dimension of the tasks performed, and most importantly, in simplifying the modeling procedure. In this paper, the authors consider the option of determining the stiffness matrices of a spatial element for modeling of pipes, which underlie the full engineering analysis of pipeline systems. Verification examples that confirm the reliability and correctness of the obtained solutions are presented.

Person and deixis in Heiltsuk pronouns

Harbour (2016) argues for a parsimonious universal set of features for grammatical person distinctions, and suggests (ch. 7) that the same features may also form the basis for systems of deixis. We apply this proposal to an analysis of Heiltsuk, a Wakashan language with a particularly rich set of person-based deictic contrasts (Rath 1981). Heiltsuk demonstratives and third-person pronominal enclitics distinguish proximal-to-speaker, proximal-to-addressee, and distal (in addition to an orthogonal visibility contrast). There are no forms marking proximity to third persons (e.g., ‘near them’) or identifying the location of discourse participants (e.g., ‘you near me’ vs. ‘you over there’), nor does the deictic system make use of the clusivity contrast that appears in the pronoun paradigm (e.g., ‘this near you and me’ vs. ‘this near me and others’). We account for the pattern by implementing Harbour's spatial element χ as a function that yields proximity to its first- or second-person argument.