Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Dan Waktu Inkubasi Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens

Enzymes are biocatalysts in living cells when cells metabolize. All living organisms are produced enzymes, both humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. One of the bacteria that has the potential to produce cellulose (EC 3.2.1.4) enzymes is Serratia marcescens. These bacteria can be isolated from water, soil and digestive tract. This research aims to find out the types of enzymes produced by S. Marcescens, to examine the effect of temperature and incubation time on selected enzyme activity. The type of enzyme test was qualitatively determined by S. marcescens growth on the amylolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic selective medium based on the clear zone. This research was used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the incubation time (T) which were 4 hours (T4), 8 hours (T8) and 12 hours (T12). The second factor was the treatment of incubation temperature (S) which were 40oC (S1), 50oC (S2) and 60oC (S3). Each treatment was repeated in 3 times. The data were obtained then analyzed using Anova (α = 0.05). If it is significantly different, furthermore proceed with the T test (BNT). The results showed that S. marcescens qualitatively produced only clear zones in the cellulolytic medium of 5.1 mm. The ANOVA results showed that incubation temperature (S), the interaction between incubation time (T) and incubation temperature (S) were did not have effect on cellulase activity, whereas incubation time (T) gives a significant effect on cellulase activity were obtained at the incubation time for 12 hours (T12) with a value of 0.27 U / mL

Analisis Komponen Penyusun Desain Kegiatan Laboratorium Enzim Katalase

The purpose of this study is to : (a) obtain an overview of the compatibility of the practical goals with the Basic Competencies developed in the design of laboratorium activities, (b) obtain an overview of the suitability of the practical goals and proceduaral steps with the concept to be achieved, (c) find out whether the design of laboratory activities used has supported knowledge construction based on an analysis of the componets in the design of laboratory activities. This research uses descriptive qualitative method through the ANCOR stages, namely Analysis, Trial, and Reconstruction of five catalase enzyme material laboratory design. The analysis carried out includes an analysis of the arious activities listed in the worksheet so that it can be seen how much these activities involve students in te science process, their relevance to the applicable curriculum, the relationship between the phenomena revealed and the concepts to be achieved and construct student knowledge. The instrument used is the modification of the instrument to analyze the suitability of pratikum activities with the curriculum and Diagram Vee to see whether the worksheet used constructs knowledge or not. The analysis included conceptual analysis, pratical analysis and knowledge construction analysis on various worksheet catalase enzyme tests. The catalase enzyme test practicum emphasizes students’ mastery of the catalase enzyme test material that is both principle and procedural, where students are required to be able to understand the properties of enzymes, factors that influence the work of enzymes, and the role of enzymes in metabolism. Thus it takes a series of competencies of students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes in mastering the catalase enzyme test material. For this reason, it requires a worksheet design that forms essential concepts so that they can achieve their goals and are in line with the demands of Basic Competence. Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk: (a) memperoleh gambaran mengenai kesesuaian tujuan pratikum dengan Kompetensi Dasar yang dikembangkan dalam LKS, (b) memperoleh gambaran mengenai kesesuaian tujuan pratikum dengan langkah – langkah prosedural dengan konsep yang akan dicapai, (c) mengetahui apakah LKS yang digunakan sudah menunjang konstruksi pengetahuan berdasarkan analisis komponen-komponen dalam LKS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Analisis Isi (Content Analysis). Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis terhadap ragam kegiatan yang tertera dalam LKS sehingga dapat diketahui seberapa besar kegiatan tersebut melibatkan siswa dalam proses sains, relevansinya dengan kurikulum yang berlaku, hubungan antara fenomena yang diungkap dengan konsep yang akan dicapai dan mengkonstruksi pengetahuan siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah modifikasi instrumen untuk menganalisis kesesuaian kegiatan pratikum dengan kurikulum dan Diagram Vee untuk melihat apakah LKS yang digunakan mengkonstruksi pengetahuan atau tidak. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis konseptual, analisis pratikal dan analisis konstruksi pengetahuan pada berbagai LKS uji enzim katalase. Pratikum uji enzim katalase menekankan pada penguasaan siswa terhadap materi uji enzim katalase yang bersifat prinsip serta prosedural, dimana siswa dituntut untuk mampu memahami sifat-sifat enzim, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kerja enzim, serta peran enzim didalam metabolisme. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan serangkaian kompetensi pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap siswa dalam menguasai materi uji enzim katalase. Untuk itu dibutuhkan desain LKS yang membentuk konsep – konsep esensial sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan dan sejalan dengan tuntutan Kompetensi Dasar.

Analisis Komponen Penyusun Lembar Kerja Siswa Biologi SMA Pada Praktikum Uji Enzim Katalase

Students Worksheet is a very important guide for doing work in the laboratory which is often used by teachers and students. This study aims to analyze the existence of the constituent components and to provide an overview of the Students Worksheet Catalase Enzyme Test contained in the High School Biology textbooks. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with a samples of 8 Students Worksheet chosen by using purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was a LKS analysis instrument, table of work step and rubric test results based on the Vee diagram. The results showed that the Students Worksheet in terms of conceptual analysis as a whole was not in accordance with the applicable curriculum. For practical analysis as a whole it has shown quite good results even though there are still some Students Worksheet whose components are incomplete. Then the analysis of knowledge construction shows that the knowledge construction process has not been developed properly. In addition, from the results of the work step test there are still problems as in the choice of sentence instructions the steps of the work are less precise and less appropriate so that it can confuse students in their execution. In terms of completeness and component scores Students Worksheet based on the Vee Diagram, only a small portion of the catalase enzyme student activity sheet did not have the complete Vee Diagram component. Nevertheless, these components have different qualities which are indicated by the achievement scores of each component of Diagram Vee. Based on these problems, the Catalyst Enzyme Test LKS requires an analysis and improvement in terms of conceptual, procedural, and knowledge construction. Abstrak. Lembar Kerja Siswa merupakan suatu pedoman yang sangat penting untuk melakukan kerja di laboratorium yang sering digunakan oleh guru dan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan komponen penyusun dan memberikan gambaran tentang Lembar Kerja Siswa Uji Enzim Katalase yang terdapat pada buku paket Biologi SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 8 LKS yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah berupa instrument analisis LKS, tabel hasil uji langkah kerja dan rubrik berdasarkan diagram Vee. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lembar Kerja Siswa tersebut dari segi analisis konseptual secara keseluruhan kurang sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku. Untuk analisis praktikal secara keseluruhan sudah menunjukkan hasil yang lumayan baik walaupun masih terdapat beberapa LKS yang komponennya belum lengkap. Kemudian analisis konstruksi pengetahuan menunjukkan bahwa proses konstruksi pengetahuan belum terbangun dengan baik. Selain itu, dari hasil uji langkah kerja masih terdapat permasalahan seperti dalam pemilihan kalimat instruksi langkah kerja yang kurang tepat dan kurang sesuai sehingga dapat membingungkan siswa dalam eksekusinya. Dari segi kelengkapan dan skor komponen LKS berdasarkan Diagram Vee, hanya sebagian kecil LKS enzim katalase yang tidak memiliki komponen Diagram Vee lengkap. Meskipun demikian, komponen-komponen tersebut memiliki perbedaan kualitas yang ditunjukkan oleh capaian skor dari masing-masing komponen Diagram Vee. Berdasarkan permasalahn tersebut, maka LKS Uji Enzim Katalase memerlukan sebuah analisis dan perbaikan dari segi konseptual, prosedural, maupun konstruksi pengetahuan.

Gamma glutamyl transferase – an underestimated marker for cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome

Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme in glutathione and cysteine metabolism. GGT is a standard liver enzyme test reflecting biliary tract involvement. It also has a prooxoidant activity and a modulating influence on endothelia dysfunction. GGT is associated with the metabolic syndrome and is often elevated in patients with NAFLD. There is also a role for GGT activity in several aspects cardiovascular disease. There is an association between elevated GGT and cardiovascular mortality, atrial fibrillation, exacerbation of congestive heart failure . In addition there is an association with obstructive sleep apnea. We review the evidence available and suggest that there is a need for further assessing the use of GGT, together with the presence of the metabolic syndrome as a prognostic marker.

Universal Screening for G6PD Deficiency Detects More Cases Than Selective Testing

Background: Testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is traditionally restricted to jaundiced neonates, as well as to those whose risk factors provide sufficient grounds to suspect the deficiency. We assumed that in a multi-ethnic, multicultural society, routine neonatal screening for G6PD deficiency would detect more affected neonates. Methods: An observational, population-based, cohort study was designed to compare the incidence of G6PD deficiency between two groups of neonates using a validated qualitative enzyme test. Incidence of G6PD deficiency was calculated retrospectively for one group of neonates born between January 2005 and July 2012 (i.e., epoch 1), when only "at-risk" newborns were tested for the deficiency (i.e., group 1). Incidence was also calculated for a second, prospective group of neonates, who were all to be born between August 2012 and April 2014 (i.e., epoch 2), and were all screened for the deficiency irrespective of risk factors. Results: A total of 39,268 live-born infants were included in our study. In epoch 1, 6.8% of all newborns were tested for the deficiency, compared to about 87% in epoch 2. The incidence of G6PD deficiency was 0.4% (119/29,332) and 1.6% (156/9,936) in epoch 1 and epoch 2, respectively (p<0.05). Among females, there was a 6.6-fold increase in incidence of G6PD deficiency between epoch 1 (0.08% [12/14,410]) and epoch 2 (0.53% [26/4,881]), while among males there was a 3.4-fold increase in incidence between epoch 1 and epoch 2 (0.72% [107/14,922] and 2.47% [125/5055], respectively). Conclusions: As universal screening for G6PD deficiency detects more affected newborns than the selective, risk-factor-based testing does, we suggest that validation of our study and cost-effectiveness analyses may further the aim of introducing universal screening for G6PD deficiency for neonates born in multi-ethnic, multicultural society setting. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.