PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN BIOCHAR DARI SERESAH GAMBUT UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR KEBAKARAN LAHAN DI DESA RASAU JAYA II

ABSTRAKLahan gambut di Desa Rasau Jaya II relatif luas yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian walaupun kondisinya marginal. Petani umumnya membakar lahan tersebut pada musim kemarau untuk meningkatkan kesuburan namun efek negatifnya adalah munculnya titik api dan polusi udara dari asap hasil kebakaran lahan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu teknologi agar lahan tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pertanian dengan risiko yang minimal terhadap lingkungan, seperti pembuatan biochar dengan teknik pembakaran terkontrol dari serasah gambut. Tujuan: (1) Meningkatkan pengetahuan petani mengenai pengelolaan lahan tanpa dibakar dan cara pembuatan biochar, (2) Meningkatkan keterampilan petani dalam pembuatan biochar, (3) Meningkatkan jiwa wirausaha terutama produk biochar. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode observasi, partisipator dan eksperimental serta survey dengan kegiatan penyuluhan, pelatihan, pembuatan dan aplikasi biochar yang dibuat dari serasah gambut serta evaluasi di Desa Rasau Jaya II. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut yaitu 97% peserta mengetahui dampak positif pengelolaan lahan tanpa dibakar dan mengetahui cara pembuatan biochar, 93% petani sudah terampil dalam membuat biochar, serta 93% petani juga tertarik untuk mengaplikasikan biochar dalam budidaya tanaman dan menjadikan produk usaha. Kegiatan ini telah meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan dan jiwa wirausaha dalam pertanian khususnya pembuatan biochar dan cukup potensial untuk meningkatkan perekonomian petani cabai di Desa Rasau Jaya serta mengurangi pembakaran hutan dan lahan. Kata kunci: arang; charcoal; histosol; peat. ABSTRACTThe peat land in Rasau Jaya II Village are relatively wide which could be used for agriculture potentially even though its in marginal condition. Generally, the farmers would burned the land in the dry season to increase fertility, but the negative effects are emergence of hotspots and air pollution from smoke. Therefore, a technology is needed so that the land can be used for agriculture with minimal risk to the environment, such as making biochar with controlled burning techniques from peat litter or twigs. Objectives: (1) Increase farmers' knowledge about eco-friendly peat land management and how biochar are made, (2) Improve farmers' skills in making biochar, (3) Increase entrepreneurial spirit, especially biochar. This community service activity used observation, participatory and experimental methods as well as surveys with extension activities, training, manufacture and application of biochar made from peat litter as well as evaluation in Rasau Jaya II Village. The results of this activity are that 97% of participants know about positive impact in peat land management without burning activity wich is relatively new for them , 93% of farmers are skilled in making biochar, and 93% of farmers are also interested in applying biochar in plant cultivation and making business products. This activity has increased knowledge, skills and entrepreneurial spirit in agriculture, especially in producing biochar and has the potential to improve the economy of chili farmers in Rasau Jaya Village and reduce forest and land burning activity.Key words: charcoal; charcoal; histosol; peat.

Socio-Economic Appraisal of Farming Households in Marginal Areas in Botolan, Zambales, Philippines

Farm households in four barangays in Botolan, Zambales were studied to make a socio-economic appraisal of their condition after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 and the massive flooding in 2009 that further marginalized their farms. A self-construct questionnaire was used for 150 farming households. Socio-economic data, farm management practices, production, and income per household were described, pooled, and analyzed descriptively. As of 2018, rice farming was the main source of household income despite the land being less suitable for rice and production area reduced. There was low productivity and a high yield gap compared with the province’s and the region’s yield levels. There was high input cost in rice farming due to various factors including the marginal condition of the farms. There was low income from rice farming during both seasons, but the yield was much lower during the wet season due to lower yield.

Predicting the Performance of Highway Embankment Slopes

Resilience of transportation infrastructure, such as highway embankments, is critical to avoiding commuter delays and costly repairs. The majority of highway embankments in Louisiana and Texas are in marginal condition because the high-plasticity clays that are used during construction will moisten with time to significantly lower strengths. The ring shear tests demonstrate that the Gamez and Stark [1] empirical correlations are applicable to Texas and Louisiana soils. The soil water retention curves at each site were fitted to the Van Genuchten model [2]. For example, the air entry values vary from 0.013 to 0.053 kPa-1 in Louisiana and from 0.008 to 0.01 kPa-1 in Texas. The implications of this wide range of air entry values is that the matric suction pressure required to saturate and desaturate controls the pore-water pressure build-up during a rainfall event.

Nurient Management Trial on Foxtail Millet at Sundarbazar, Lamjung

Foxtail millet is an indigenous crop known for its rich nutritive value, drought tolerance ability and low input requirements. Though it is grown in marginal condition, it can give the best production with the proper nutrient management for its cultivation. In this respect, an experiment was conducted in Agronomy farm of Lamjung Campus, Sundarbazar during March-June 2017. The main objective of the experiment was to explore the performance of local foxtail millet under different level of nutrients. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and seven treatments viz. FYM 6 t/ha, FYM 6 t/ha+60:30:20 kg NPK/ha, 60:30:20 kg NPK/ha, FYM 6t/ha+30:20kg PK/ha, FYM 6t/ha+60:30 kg NK/ha, FYM 6 t/ha+60:30 kg NP/ha and Control (no fertilizers). Results revealed that highest grain yield (2.47t/ha) (152% higher than control), was obtained from FYM 6 t/ha+60:30:20 kg NPK/ha which was followed by 60:30:20 kg NPK/ha (2.45 t/ha) and were statistically at par with each other. The highest grain yield in FYM 6 t/ha+60:30:20 kg NPK/ha was supported by higher no. of grains per panicle (2870), more test weight (1.79 gm) and more harvest index (19.3%). However, the straw yield (12.6t/ha), biological yield (15.02t/ha) along with B: C ratio was found slightly higher in 60:30:20 kg NPK/ha. The growth characters viz. plant height, flag leaf area and panicle length of all the treatments were significantly higher than Control (T7). The treatment having balanced plant nutrients (T2) produced significantly higher yield and can be recommended to mid-hill farmers for obtaining good yield.

Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Untuk Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica) di Kecamatan Pollung Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan

The aims of this study was to evaluate the suitability of land for Arabica coffee crops in Pollung District of Humbang Hasundutan Regency. There are sixteen land map units (SPL) determined based on the soil type map, slope map and altitude map resulting from topographic map with scale of 1: 50.000, then grounding on soil type map data, slope map, and altitude map (overlay). Assessment of land suitability class based on the criteria from Bogor Land Research Center. The land evaluation method is the matching method. The results showed that the highest potential land suitability class on Arabica coffee plant was SPL 7 very suitable (S1) and SPL 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16 suitable with marginal condition with limit factor is rooting medium (S3rc)

LEVANTA VÔO SIRIPIPI

Comingo from Certeza and belonging to Diáspora, ORlanda Amarílis does notmake concessions when dealing with national identity and self cultural orientation what is stressed in the images of the foreign space as well as the images of the foreigner in the Archipelago. This article proposes a reflection on those images where text and cultural context amalgamate in the construction of an identity process, within a discursive practice which ruptures the pact of Realism celebrated above all with alterity in order to unveil the self through mythic tradition where he individual assumes the colective character. This is now the author's work published during the post-independence period is inscribed in the culture, in the History and in the social evolution of an Archipelago which makes slaves and of a foreigner who interferes and puts people in a marginal condition, thus reinforcing nationalism.

Kinetic ion gradient instability: bifurcation properties of a simple, kinetic ηi-unstable slab model

The so-called ηi instability is driven by the ion-temperature gradient and affects both particle and energy transport. Using a simple kinetic model, first the onset of the instability is investigated by linear theory. In contrast to most treatments in the literature, a non-local analysis is performed. It turns out that the local approximation is only a very rough approximation, and may drastically overestimate the instability conditions. A numerical solution of the full model confirms the non-local stability analysis. In addition, it allows one to follow the nonlinear development of the instability. Using a numerical scheme based on the Lagrange structure of the equations of motion, the saturation values are obtained. A constriction of the density profile is accompanied by a broadening of the ion-temperature profile. The normal form of the bifurcation is obtained, together with the scaling of the anomalous transport (in terms of the deviation from the marginal condition).