hepatoprotective agents
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2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidiebere Emmanuel Ugwu ◽  
Stephen Monday Suru

Abstract Background Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-characterized hepatotoxic agent. With rising cases of liver diseases, the identification, assessment, and development of hepatoprotective agents from plants source has become imperative. Main body With arrays of literature on plants with hepatoprotective potentials, this review sourced published literatures between 1998 and 2020 and systematically highlighted about 92 medicinal plants that have been reported to protect against CCl4-induced liver injury in animal models. The results show that herbal plants provide protection for the liver against CCl4 by downregulation of the liver marker enzymes and activation of antioxidant capacity of the liver cells with the restoration of liver architecture. We also provided the traditional and accompanying pharmacological uses of the plants. A variety of phytochemicals mostly flavonoids and polyphenols compounds were suggested to offer protection against liver injuries. Conclusion It can be concluded that there are a variety of phytochemicals in plant products with hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced toxicity in animal models.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Allu Haritha ◽  
Kakaraparthy Ravi shankar ◽  
Kondepudi Sai Susmitha ◽  
Karapu Reshma ◽  
Dwarapureddy Chandramouli ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3014
Author(s):  
A. I. Kochetkov ◽  
M. V. Klepikova ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova

Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death throughout the world and in Russia. Therefore, new possible risk factors for their development and progression are being studied. To date, information have been accumulated on unfavorable prognostic effect of elevated trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) levels on cardiovascular events, and the possible role of phospholipids (PLs) is being discussed. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature data on the potential relationship of TMAO and PLs with cardiovascular risk (CVR), as well as possible solutions to this problem. The search and analysis of publications was performed using Elibrary, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases in the period from their creation to 2021. It was found that high TMAO concentrations can have pro-inflammatory effects, stimulate atherogenesis and increase platelet aggregation. An increase in the blood TMAO levels increases the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death in patients with peripheral arterial disease and heart failure, and correlates with the extent of brain regions involved in stroke. The most important part in TMAO formation is taken by the gut microbiota, which metabolizes substrates, including PLs, to trimethylamine, which, when absorbed, is converted into TMAO in the liver. The analysis of available studies shows that the excessive intake of PLs into the gastrointestinal tract and the increased TMAO production are potentially interrelated with an increase in CVR. At the same time, PLs are currently used as drugs, in particular, as hepatoprotective agents. In view of this, large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to study the CVR profile in patients receiving such therapy. Currently, other hepatoprotective agents are available that are devoid of such potential risks, since they do not contain PLs. One of these agents is ursodeoxycholic acid, which has proven its effectiveness and safety, including in patients with high CVR in routine clinical practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sailaja ◽  
K. Sunitha ◽  
S. Ganapaty

The liver is a requisite organ in the body, maintaining various physiological functions. Liver damage or toxicity is due to consuming certain chemicals, dietary supplements, drugs, and alcohol at high doses in day-to-day life. Several phytoconstituents acts as hepatoprotective agents. Research advances in analytical techniques and knowledge of active components have allowed research scientists to study the relationship between the phytoconstituents and their activity on the human liver. The review article aims to compile data on promising active constituents that act as lead molecules for future natural products-based drug discovery. The online database, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, was explored for papers and studied the hepatoprotective activity. Some phytoconstituents act against the chemicals such as CCl4 , paracetamol, alcohol, oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity, etc.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zeng ◽  
Fangtao Luo ◽  
Zhihua Lin ◽  
Yinghong Chen ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Rash and cholestatic liver injury caused by methimazole (MMI) in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) and Graves’s disease (GD) are rarely reported, and there is a paucity of reports on the management of this condition. It is not clear whether propylthiouracil (PTU) can be used as a safe alternative in this case. Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with rash, severe pruritus and a change in urine colour after 2 months of GD treatment with MMI. Physical examination showed rash scattered over the limbs and torso, mild jaundice of the sclera and skin, short stature, facial moles, immature external genitals and diffuse thyroid gland enlargement. Liver function tests indicated an increase in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total bile acid, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The level of sex hormones suggested female hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The karyotype of peripheral blood was 46, X, i(X)(q10)/45, X. After excluding biliary obstruction and other common causes of liver injury, combined with rash and abnormal liver function following oral administration of MMI, the patient was diagnosed as having TS with GD and rash and cholestatic liver injury caused by MMI. MMI was immediately discontinued, and eleven days after treatment with antihistamine and hepatoprotective agents was initiated, the rash subsided, and liver function returned to nearly normal. Because the patient did not consent to administration of 131I or thyroid surgery, hyperthyroidism was successfully controlled with PTU. No adverse drug reactions were observed after switching to PTU. Conclusions While patients with TS and GD are undergoing treatment with MMI, their clinical manifestations, liver functions, and other routine blood test results should be closely monitored. When patients with TS and GD manifest adverse reactions to MMI such as rash and cholestatic liver injury, it is necessary to discontinue MMI and treat with antihistamine and hepatoprotective agents. After the rash subsides and liver function returns to nearly normal, PTU can effectively control hyperthyroidism without adverse drug reactions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
D. A. Petrukhina ◽  
I. V. Pletneva ◽  
B. B. Sysuev

Introduction. Liver diseases with all the variety of clinical manifestations have common pathogenetic links at the cellular level. The group of hepatoprotective agents is represented by drugs that exhibit versatile mechanisms for protecting liver cells from the effects of damaging factors, the main of which are membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant, regenerative, detoxifying, choleretic and anti-inflammatory effects. The high therapeutic and hepatoprotective effectiveness of modern drugs is largely due to their metabolic effects, as well as their ability to bind free radicals and reactive oxygen species in the cell.Text. The purpose of this work is to form an analytical review of the literature on the assortment and concepts of improving the dosage forms of hepatoprotective agents. According to the analysis and systematization of modern publications devoted to the use of hepatoprotectors in the treatment of liver diseases, it is shown that it is necessary to develop new formulations and combinations of biologically active substances with the manifestation of versatile mechanisms of hepatoprotection, as well as to improve the composition and manufacturing technologies of existing traditional therapies. One of the current trends is the use of new substances in the development of traditional and innovative dosage forms. The search for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, antiradical and membrane-stabilizing activity that can be considered as effective hepatoprotectors continues. An integral task of pharmaceutical development is the creation of bioavailable drugs that have a prolonged effect and minimal side effects. A promising direction in pharmaceutical technology is the development of innovative drugs for the directed transport of biologically active molecules to the affected organ.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of modern data, priority directions for the development and improvement of existing formulations based on modern approaches to the production of innovative dosage forms are identified. The relevance of improving the dosage forms of hepatoprotectors presented on the pharmaceutical market is shown. Of particular interest is the development of innovative targeted delivery systems with effective and safe hepatoprotectors in various combinations, including those based on cinnamic acid derivatives.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Ponamarev ◽  
Alexander M. Lunegov ◽  
Irina V. Lunegova ◽  
Victor A. Baryshev ◽  
Konstantin F. Zenkov

In recent years, the problem of the increasing number of the hepatobiliary system disorders has acquired particular importance for veterinary medicine. These disorders have negative impact on normal physiology of an animal's body. It is important to continue the search for effective hepatoprotective agents. To test the pharmaceutical activity of new drugs, methods of modeling hepatopathies are constantly being improved. The study suggested a model of fatty liver dystrophy using strontium sulfate.


Author(s):  
Alexander A. Zvyagin ◽  
Natalya Yu. Fateeva ◽  
Timofey V. Chubarov ◽  
Olga A. Zhdanova

The article discusses the issues of steatohepatitis development, diagnosis, and management in children. Steatohepatitis is one of the forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed in 12–26% of children with obesity. The major pathogenetic factors are the following: oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, microbiota disorders, vitamin D deficiency. The information on the diagnostic algorithm is presented in accordance with the guidelines of the European and North American Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists. The characteristics of instrumental methods of steatohepatitis diagnostics (biopsy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computed tomography, elastography, biochemical tests) are given, as well as indications for their use in children are determined. The data on steatohepatitis management (including diet and physical activity) is presented. The use of hepatoprotective agents (ursodeoxycholic acid, essential phospholipids) and biologically active substances in children is discussed.


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