Game Analysis on Profits of Water Diversion Project Supply Chain Under the Overall Loss of Supply Chain in Undeveloped Areas

This paper compares and analyzes the effects of different amounts of government subsidies and subsidy patterns on water supply, pricing, and profit distribution, and takes water diversion project supply chain composed of water transfer company and the water work as the study object, using financial accounting method innovatively, establishing non-cooperative and cooperative game models of two under government subsidies. The results show that as the number of subsidies increased, the optimal amount of water supply and the profits increased, but the price of water work decreased. When the amount of subsidy stays same, the price of water plant also stays same. However, the price of the water transfer company is constantly changing, the higher the proportion of subsidies it received, the lower the price. In terms of data, the authors take a practical example – the Tao River Water Diversion Project to analyze. This paper’s limitation is that the conclusion is based on a single water transfer company and a single water plant as the research object. However, the actual situation of the water transfer project is that a water transfer company faces a complex supply chain network formed by many water plants and farmers’ water users’ associations.

Comparison and Suitability Analysis of Geosynthetics in Road Construction

Geosynthetics are with success used for many years within the construction of roads. They fulfill most classical perform like separation, protection, filtration, Drainage, sealing, and reinforcement. In recent time the scope of application has been extended considerably by the development of road pavement. Field evidences indicate that geosynthetic reinforcements will improve pavement performance by avoiding cracking, rutting, and patholes & by reducing deflection of paved surface. The rise in urbanization crystal rectifier to the inadequacy of the land for building, because of that land with high water content and low bearing capability had to be used. within the past history numerous|many alternative} strategies are projected thus on improve the unfavorable conditions prevailing in various locations like the locations with low bearing capability soil, water work conditions, land movements, etc. the appliance of geosynthetics has proved to be the foremost promising answer of all the alternatives. numerous forms of geosynthetics are wont to fulfill numerous functions like filtration, separation, drainage, reinforcement, mitigation of reflective cracks, by the utilization of one or combination of 2 or additional geosynthetics. This use of geosynthetics has conjointly contributed towards the goal of being one among the foremost economical and much applicable alternatives. This paper conjointly studies the characteristics and therefore the basic data of geosynthetics usually just in case of pavement like geotextile, geogrid, geonets, geomembrane, GCL Associate in Nursingd geo- composite having an unequivocal perform. It includes the comparison of the pavement made with the assistance of geosynthetics and therefore the standard pavements against numerous parameters like bearing capability, wetness content, economy, maintenance needed and therefore the life amount of the pavement. the utilization of geosynthetics is increasing at a awfully fast rate and is being accepted worldwide and therefore there rises the need for elaborate study. Keywords: Geosynthetics, Road Pavement, Water Work, Geomembrane.

Effect of unsteady flows on the development and magnitude of bed forms

<p>Sediment transport and associated morphological changes in alluvial rivers occur primarily under unsteady flow conditions that are manifested as well-defined flood hydrograph events. At present, typical bed forms generated by such unsteady flows is far less studied and, thus, more poorly understood, than equivalent bed forms generated under steady flow conditions. In view of this, the objective of this work is to investigate the development of morphological bed features, and specifically variability in the length, height and steepness of bed forms that develop in a mobile coarse-sand bed layer under unsteady flow hydrographs under zero sediment feed conditions. A series of laboratory flume experiments is conducted within which different flow hydrograph events are simulated physically by controlling their shape, unsteadiness and magnitude. Experimental results indicate that different categories of bed forms such as dunes, alternate bars or transitional dune-bar structures develop within the erodible bed layer when subject to varying hydrograph flow conditions. Examination of relative importance of three parameters used to describe the hydrograph characteristics (i.e. asymmetry, unsteadiness and total water work) on bed form dimensional descriptors (i.e. wavelength, height and steepness) reveals that hydrograph unsteadiness and total water work are the primary and second-order controls on bed deformations or corresponding bed form dimensions. By contrast, hydrograph asymmetry appears to have minimal or negligible influence on bed form development in terms of their type and magnitude. Based on these findings, a physical model was developed and tested to describe the effect of unsteady flow hydrographs with varying unsteadiness and total water work on the nature and size of resulting bed forms that are generated in sand-bed layers. </p>

Mycotoxigenic fungi distribution and Water Quality of raw and treated water from Ede-Erinle and Opa waterworks systems, Osun State Nigeria

This present study seeks to investigate the impact of environmental variables on the mycotoxigenic fungi distribution in different stages of water treatment from Ede-Erinle and Opa water work systems. The sampling stations were grouped into raw, treated and distributed stations for each of the waterworks system and samples were collected on bi-monthly basis for one annual cycle, spanning through the rainy and dry seasons. A total number of 30 fungal species which belonged to 7 classes were isolated from both Ede and Opa water works systems during the study. This included 23 species from Ede water works and 14 fungal species from Opa water works system. Ascomycetes contributed 41.6% out of total fungal classes identified from Ede waterworks system followed by zygomycetes (33.3%), Deuteromycete (12.5%) while Penicillium and Mucor contributed 20.83% out fungal genera identified and aspergillus (16.67%). Zygomycetes accounted for 30.77% out of total fungal classes isolated from Opa waterworks system followed by ascomycetes (23.05%), Eusacomycetes and Dothideomycetes contributed 15.38% while Apsergillus, auerobasidium, rhizopus and cladosporium had the highest percentage contribution of 15.38% among the fungal genera identified. There was strong correlation between total Heterotrophic fungal distribution and water temperature and pH in water samples from Ede-Erinle waterworks systems that influenced the growth of mycotoxicin fungal while the nutrient parameters such as nitrate and phosphate influenced the abundance of fungi in water samples from Opa waterworks systems. In Ede-Erinle and Opa waterworks systems, the highest mean values for water temperature and phosphate were observed from distribution water while the mean concentration of pH and total heterotrophic fungal counts were higher in raw water samples. However, nitrate was higher in the treated water sample during the study. The presences of mycotoxigenic fungal such as Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp from the treated and distribution water from Ede and Opa water work system after the water has undergo treatment process could pose serious health risks to consumers because they can cause aspergillosis, mucormycosis and penicilliosis infections respectively in human.

Measurement for the Hydrodynamic Coefficients of the Model of an Ultra-Deep Water Work-Class ROV in the O-Tube Facility

Remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) play an important role in offshore engineering, marine research, submarine rescue, etc., whose hydrodynamic coefficients are significant to their manoeuvrability and stability. The measurements for the hydrodynamic coefficients of an ultra-deep water work-class ROV were conducted using the O-tube facility. The O-tube has a test section with dimensions of 1 m × 1 m × 17.6 m, in which the current velocity up to 3 m/s can be generated. A 1/10 ROV model was held in the centre of the cross-section via a supporting bar with diameter 25 mm. The force signals were acquired from a load cell that could sense three-dimensional forces and moments simultaneously. The measurement strategy was validated via an alternative cuboid model. The three-dimensional forces and moments were obtained subsequently with respect to the bow, stern, top, bottom, and port faces of the ROV model under two steady incoming flow velocities. The results show that the drag coefficient varies within 0.8–1.2 for different faces and the bow face design has significant influence on the drag and pitch moment coefficients when piloting forward.

Solvent and catalyst free synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by grindstone chemistry

The present communication describes the solvent and catalyst free synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in excellent to nearly quantitative yields from 2-aminopyridines and a wide variety of ω-bromomethylketones using a grindstone procedure at 25-30 °C for 3-5 min. This green strategy has several noteworthy advantages such as wide spread substrate scope, short reaction times, water work up and the products do not require any chromatographic purification. Further, it is simple to perform, highly economical and therefore the process is easy to scale up.

A Study on Causes and Effects of Migration from Rural to Urban: A Case Study of Bijapur Colony- Ligapayyankakadu, Mulki

Migration is the movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or semi-permanent residence. Migration is from a rural area to the urban area in search of new job avenues, improve their economic condition and to improve the standard of living once they go back to their native. Migration denotes a person living outside his or her native place especially from a rural area to urban. Many leave their homes because there are not enough employment opportunities, low yielding land, more family members depend on the small land, food, water, work or other fundamental requirements like health benefits, education. Another important aspect is that the consequences of environmental catastrophes, such as drought, floods, low prices for their products, disease to the product can also force thousands to leave their native countries. Today people are moving towards cities seeking employment opportunities. In this paper, the researcher wants to study about causes and effects of migration with the case study. The objectives are to know the reason for migration and the effects of their migration. 50 respondents were covered out of 1400 migrated people from Bijapura colony, Lingappayana Kadu, Mulky, under simple random sampling method. Questionnaires method was used to collect the data. Both primary and secondary data was included.

Water management from the environmental certification perspective: a new proposal of criteria and weight rates for application in Brazilian regions

ABSTRACT Several countries have developed tools with criteria and evaluations to grant, through the environmental certification, a more sustainable undertaking, with quality and productivity for its users. The tools were developed for different needs and objectives, which makes it difficult to make a direct comparison, in addition to having specific demands for each region. This study aims to make a comparative analysis between some tools of greater international knowledge and to propose new parameters for the water use and management category, taking into account the design and operational phase, the water distribution, and the demands for 2025. Consequently, this study proposed the creation of an exclusive environmental tool for the management and water use, providing a seal that may be applied to any project and adopted by water work systems as an incentive to reduce the consumption of drinking water, to use alternative sources, and to decrease liquid effluents.