Play and Moral Education in the Choruses of Plato’s Laws

Among the educative games of Plato’s Cretan city, choral performances have a prominent role. This paper examines the function of play (παιδιά) in the choral education in virtue in Plato’s Laws. I reconstruct the notion of play as it is elaborated throughout this dialogue, and then show how it contributes to solving the problem of virtue acquisition in the Athenian’s account of moral education through songs and dances. I argue that play in the Laws is best understood an imitative activity that is intrinsically pleasurable, ordered by rules and patterns of repetition, and undertaken for its own sake by a player whose psychic condition is childish. Thus interpreted, we are in a better position to see why choruses must be engaged in playfully. Because the self-likening (ὁμοίωσις) process choral performances aim at requires pleasure and because pleasure normally obtains when there is a concordance between one’s character and the imitations, virtue acquisition is best secured if the imitations of virtue in choruses are performed or spectated playfully.

Examining the Reality of Kafā’ah in the Muslim Countries of Jordan, Morocco, and Pakistan in the Contemporary Era

<p dir="ltr"><span>The primary purpose of this research is to investigate and understand the importance of the concept of Kafā’ah in the practice of marriage in Muslim communities in Jordan, Marocco, and Pakistan. Kafā’ah in text or context is understood by the concept of harmony between the two brides to be, both in terms of wealth, nasab, beauty/good looks, especially in religious matters. This research uses a qualitative research approach (library research) to facilitate extracting and analyzing data. The results showed that the concept of Kafā’ah in the Muslim countries of Jordan, Marocco, and Pakistan, in general, is still guided by the view of imam madhhab, especially in Jordan and Pakistan, which is more inclined to the provisions of imam madhhab Hanafi which as the main criteria of Kafā’ah is concerning five basic things, including: religion, descent, hurriyah, the wealth of both brides, as well as the field of work. In contrast, Kafā’ah in the country of Marocco is more inclined to the provisions of the Imam Madzhab Maliki, which emphasizes religious and health aspects, be it a physical or psychic condition of a person. However, in some ways, it has shifted to the standard of Kafā’ah, which includes not only material, nasab, or religion, but on love or affection between the brides and grooms. Thus, the material of family law renewal is expected to be adopted or implemented in legislation, especially related to marriage in Indonesia. </span> </p><p><em>Tujuan utama diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menelisik serta memahami arti penting konsep Kafā’ah dalam praktek perkawinan masyarakat muslim di negara Yordania, Maroko, serta Pakistan. Kafā’ah secara teks ataupun konteks dapat dipahami dengan konsep kesepadanan antara kedua calon mempelai, baik dari segi harta kekayaan, nasab, kecantikan/ketampanan, utamanya dalam permasalahan keagamaan. Penelitian terkait ini penulis lakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif (library research) guna memudahkan proses penggalian dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep Kafā’ah di negara muslim Yordania, Maroko, serta Pakistan secara umum masih berpedoman pada pandangan imam madzhab, utamanya </em><em>di negara Yordania serta Pakistan yang lebih cenderung pada ketentuan Imam madzhab Hanafi </em><em>yang mana </em><em>sebagai kriteria utama Kafā’ah adalah menyangkut 5 hal dasar, meliputi: keagamaan, keturunan, hurriyah, harta kekayaan kedua calon mempelai, serta bidang pekerjaan. </em><em>Secara kontras di negara Maroko lebih condong pada ketentuan Imam madzhab Maliki</em><em> yang menekankan pada aspek </em><em>keagamaan serta kesehatan, baik itu secara fisik atau kondisi psikis seseorang. </em><em>Akan tetapi, dalam beberapa hal telah bergeser pada standar Kafā’ah yang tidak hanya meliputi materi, nasab, ataupun agama saja, melainkan pada rasa cinta atau kasih sayang di antara kedua calon mempelai. Dengan demikian materi pembaruan hukum keluarga yang ada, diharapkan dapat diadopsi atau diimplementasikan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan khususnya terkait perkawinan di Indonesia.</em><em></em></p>

NUANSA HEGEMONIS ASOSIATIF DALAM PENAMAAN KULINER MASYARAKAT URBAN SURABAYA

The purpose of this research is to describe the associative meaning that is formed from the culinary name in Surabaya and to describe the hegemonic nuances inherent in it. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, the data source is the Surabaya urban community and the data is in the form of culinary names that were created. Researchers use a data analyzing corpus. The naming of urban culinary is full of associative meanings that have different connotations from culinary names in the past, representing the psychic condition of the community because naming is a medium of language which is a reflection of the brain and soul of the wearer, the nuances of capital hegemony around class differences, exploitation and oppression. reflected in the names of foods consumed by the urban community in Surabaya in particular. A hegemonic society has not yet reached the point of becoming a survivor, still lamenting the fate and associative baper through the culinary names it created. Efforts to build the community's mentality so as not to continue to feel like a hegomonic victim can be started with the creation of optimistic culinary phrases or terms.

Waldo's Beautiful Things: Possession and Possessing in Otto Preminger's Laura

Despite its highly subjectivised title, Laura – Otto Preminger's dazzling 1944 noir classic – is, according to this article, a film not so much about persons as things. And what spectacularly beautiful things Laura proffers: exquisite objets d'art, chic fashion, striking design. All of which points to a certain psychic condition that underpins Laura: namely, fetishism. Of course, the fetish nonpareil in the film is Laura herself; she is the not so ‘obscure object of desire’ for all and sundry, possessing everyone in the film, and, in turn, being treated by those possessed, as a possession herself. Though the nature of these sorts of possessory regimes differs dramatically, being contingent upon the psychic profile of the possessor: love interest Shelby Carpenter, police detective Mark McPherson and wealthy mentor, Waldo Lydecker. This article will explore Laura's competing possessory regimes, utilising psychoanalytic concepts such as hysteria, repetition compulsion and the death drive, as well as fetishism and sado-masochism to unpack this vivid filmic representation of the ‘Law of Desire’ as a desire for what is, here, law's objet petit a – feminine sexuality itself.

Exile, Borders, and Poetry: A Study of Fang Xiaobiao's “Miscellaneous Poems on the Eastern Journey”

Exile to Manchuria in the early Qing (1644–1912) is a peculiar historical, political, and cultural phenomenon whose scale and scope are unprecedented in premodern Chinese history. Among the exiles were some very accomplished writers who continued to write in the places of banishment, and their treatment of the trope of exile and exilic experiences in poems and prose writings is worthy of serious study. This article is a study of the exilic writings of the especially important yet understudied poet Fang Xiaobiao (1618–?), who in the wake of the examination scandal of 1657 was exiled to Ningguta 寧古塔, a remote town close to the borders of then Chosŏn Korea. The author conducts close readings of a series of poems titled “Miscellaneous Poems on the Eastern Journey” (Dongzheng zayong), written by Fang on his journey to Ningguta. The author studies not the historicity and historization of the actual exile event per se but, rather, the literary, aesthetic, and psychological representations of the exilic condition, to address the following questions: How is the uncanny psychic condition of the exile embedded in, and therefore reflected by, the literary and aesthetic configurations of the texts? How does the liminality of the exilic world interact with the liminality of exilic language? How do we understand and describe this “inbetweenness” historically, philosophically, and literarily? From these perspectives the author situates and fathoms the figure and voice of the exile turned poet, or poet turned exile. We can also see from these perspectives that the exiles are bound to encounter the “other” in the foreign landscapes, in the cultural and linguistic differences, and no less in the humbling experiences of themselves and their body and in the troubled subjectivity of the self.

Problem Psikis Lansia dan Upaya Mengatasinya Melalui Bimbingan Keagamaan

Penelitian bertujuan untuk : 1) untuk mengetahui keadaan psikis lansia, 2) bimbingan keagamaan, 3) untuk mengetahui hasil bimbingan keagamaan untuk upaya mengatasi problem psikis lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Pertiwi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data bertumpu pada observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan dan menyusun seluruh data yang diperlukan, mengklasifikasikan data-data sesuai dengan jenis masing-masing, setelah itu ditafsirkan dan langkah terakhir di simpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : 1) Keadaan psikis lansia disana kurang baik. 2) Adapun bimbingan keagamaan yang dilakukan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Pertiwi ini benar-benar berperan penting untuk upaya mengatasi problem psikis lansia. 3) Hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam upaya mengatasi problem psikis lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Pertiwi ini sangat berperan penting. Dengan bimbingan keagamaan mereka bisa menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan yang menimpa hidup mereka yang membuat hidup mereka tidak tenang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbingan keagamaan yang berikan kepada lansia untuk mengatasi problem psikisnya yaitu dengan metode ceramah, hapalan dan bed room. Dalam hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwa bimbingan keagamaan cukup baik dan lancar serta berdampak positif bagi lansia. The study aims to: 1) to find out the psychological state of the elderly, 2) religious guidance, 3) to find out the results of religious guidance to overcome the psychological problems of the elderly at the Tresna Werdha Budi Pertiwi Social Institution. This research uses descriptive method with data collection techniques based on observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis is done by collecting and compiling all necessary data, classifying the data according to their respective types, after which they are interpreted and the final step is concluded. The results of the study show that: 1) The psychic condition of the elderly there is not good. 2) The religious guidance carried out at the Tresna Werdha Budi Pertiwi Social Institution really plays an important role in efforts to overcome the psychological problems of the elderly. 3) The results of religious guidance in efforts to overcome the psychological problems of the elderly at the Tresna Werdha Budi Pertiwi Social Institution play an important role. With religious guidance they can solve various problems that befall their lives that make their lives uneasy. It can be concluded that religious guidance is given to the elderly to overcome their psychological problems, namely the lecture method, memorization and bed room. In this case it can be said that religious guidance is quite good and smooth and has a positive impact on the elderly.

Design of Mobile Finger Communications Board for Stroke Patient Using The Five Planes of User Experience

Stroke, in 2014 to mid-2015 is the first cause of death in Indonesia. The condition of stroke patients whose movements are limited is exacerbated by the psychic condition of patients who are unable to communicate pressure will cause obstacles to the healing process of the patient. This research is designed based on the five planes of user experience which are divided into five areas: strategy, scope, structure, skeleton, and surface. This communication board is operated using the patient's fingers so that it is comfortable for everyday activities. The result of Mobile Finger Communication Board implementation shows that application usability level seen from perception and ergonomic point of view shows satisfaction index of the user at the satisfactory level so that it can be said that the system works with the satisfactory result of the users. It is expected that with the Mobile Finger Communication Board which will be used daily to support the healing process of stroke so that the healing rate of stroke is increasing.

Insanity and Social Dangerousness: Philosophical Reflections on Italian Law

According to Italian law 81/2014, social dangerousness derived only from individual personal characteristics, including mental health conditions. As a result, dangerousness is not perceived as related to a specific context, but on the contrary mainly caused by a psychic condition. Although forensic psychiatry and criminology have denied this axiom for a long time now, this ancient and traditional prejudice where a mentally ill person is dangerous as such, seems to have returned formally. Beyond the contingent issues that may have influenced Italian lawmakers in formulating this legislation, there is a question to ask: why does this union between mental illness/social dangerousness reappears in a cyclic and persistent way? Since imputability and social dangerousness are not topics studied exclusively by law and psychiatry, it is possible to express some philosophical considerations regarding the correlation between insanity and deviance and the ancient bond between insanity and evil. In assessing psychiatric social dangerousness, in order to reconcile instances of the rights of individual patients with the need to protect society, the law needs to take into account these hidden and intertwined issues.

Lexilalia: On Translating a Dictionary of Untranslatable Philosophical Terms

Lexilalia, a kind of repetition disorder or form of ‘repeat-after-reading’, is contextualized in this article as a term for continual or interminable translation. Barbara Cassin has emphasized how one definition of the ‘Untranslatable’ is temporal, associated with a symptomatic condition of ‘keeping on translating’. In extending Cassin's ‘time’ of translation to the psychic condition of translating philosophical terms and working with encyclopedic objects, the article concludes with some reflections on anxiety, concept-making and the death drive.