PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION MODEL IN BAZNAS OF WEST JAVA PROVINCE AND RUMAH ZAKAT OF BANDUNG

This study aimed at comparing the productive zakat distribution model of BAZNAS of West Java Province and Rumah Zakat, their constraints, and efforts conducted in optimizing productive zakat distribution. The study used comparative descriptive method. The results proposed that the productive zakat distribution model of BAZNAS was more varied than at Rumah Zakat’s. BAZNAS conducted traditional consumptive, creative consumptive, traditional productive, and creative productive model using the system of in kind, Al-Qardhul Hasan, and Mudharabah (Revolving Fund System). Meanwhile, there was only one program at Rumah Zakat, namely working capital program to MSMEs handed over directly to Mustahiq, including creative productive zakat distribution. The obstacles faced by BAZNAS was limitations of Mustahiq’s condition so that it took a long time to increase them to Muktafi and then Muzakki. Besides mindset and condition, Rumah Zakat faced capital and market obstacles. Mustahiq’s training and assistance programs were efforts made by these agencies.

The impact of forest science in Chile: history, contribution, and challenges

In this article we describe Chile’s transition from an agriculture productive model that originated in the 19th century into a more complex economic model that incorporates forest production, explaining the role of forest sciences in this process. Forest science has made great contributions to the country especially in terms of improving forestation and forest management techniques that have allowed the rapid expansion of the forestry industry and prevented soil erosion on degraded lands. However, native forests have been neglected and vast areas of forest have been replaced with exotic plantations. This process has highlighted the imperative need for developing a new productive model to assure not only a fair distribution of wealth but also the use of science-based sustainable forest management practices to protect native forest ecosystems nationwide. A national strategic plan for managing, conserving, and restoring native forests is needed not only to align the forest industry with sustainable development but also to develop sound climate change strategies to allow the country’s goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2050. Under this scenario forest science can play an important role by producing much needed evidence-based knowledge.

INTERNATIONAL YOUTH CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL DIALOGUE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN “SOFT POWER” (FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF THE COLLECTIVE REASERCH OF THE TAGANROG INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER A.P. CHEKHOV (BRANCH OF ROSTOV STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMY)

The author puts forward the thesis about the need to form a competitive identity of modern Russia in the context of promoting Russian “soft power”. As a component of the “soft power” toolkit, the concept of cultural enlightenment is proposed. As a very productive model of participation of higher education in the international youth cultural and educational dialogue, a description of the partnership experience of TI named after A.P. Chekhov with foreign organizations.

Metagnosis

This book identifies and names the phenomenon of metagnosis: the experience of newly learning in adulthood of a long-standing condition. It can occur when the condition has remained undetected (e.g., colorblindness) and/or when the diagnostic categories themselves have shifted (e.g., ADHD). More broadly, it can occur with unexpected revelations bearing upon selfhood, such as surprising genetic test results. This phenomenon has received relatively scant attention, yet learning of an unknown condition is frequently a significant and bewildering revelation, subverting narrative expectations and customary categories. In addressing the topic this book deploys an evolution of narrative medicine as a robust research methodology comprising interdisciplinarity, narrative attentiveness, and creating a writerly text. Beginning with the author’s own experience of metagnosis, it explores the issues it raises—from communicability to narrative intelligibility to different ways of seeing. Next, it traces the distinctive metagnostic narrative arc through the stages of recognition, subversion, and renegotiation, discussing this trajectory in light of a range of metagnostic experiences, from Blade Runner to real-world midlife diagnoses. Finally, it situates metagnosis in relation to genetic revelations and the broader discourses concerning identity. Proposing that the figure of blindsight—drawn from the author’s metagnostic experience—offers a productive model for negotiating such revelations, the book suggests that better understanding metagnosis will not simply aid those directly affected but will also serve as a bellwether for how we will all navigate advancing biomedical and genomic knowledge, and how we may fruitfully interrogate the very notion of identity.

Returning Faith to Knowledge: Earthlings after the Anthropocene

The technologies of the Anthropocene are based upon Modern certainties. These technologies of a reductive and productive model of science create the worlds in which we live, in the image of a particular human being: the modern, western anthropos (with its raced, sexed, and gendered body). This article explores some of the technologies of the Anthropocene, and the environmental and social problems they give rise to. Finally, this article argues for the development of multiple planetary technologies based in uncertainty about the planetary future, that open humans onto more just and ecologically sound possibilities for planetary becoming.

Russian “duboglot” in Charms and Dialectal Vocabulary (towards Investigation of Mytho-Poetic Motivation of Words)

The article considers the word duboglot, which functions in the Russian dialects (mainly South Russian) in the meanings of ‘strong dry cough, usually accompanied by a sore throat,’ ‘angina.’ Semantic and motivational reconstruction of this word is carried out based on its role in the text. The authors conclude that the word got into the dialect system from the folklore (mainly from the charms), where it refers to diseases related to inflammation of the oral cavity, pharynx and lower respiratory tract, and accompanied by a strong cough, pain. It is established that most often the word appeared in the texts as a part of the formula “X (a tree), take your Y (duboglot), otherwise I will eat you / swallow you,” which is initially addressed to an oak tree as a convenient “recipient” of diseases that are expelled from the speaker’s space. The authors suggest that the word duboglot is “induced” by the logic of unfolding the text: this is “the oak glot” (glot is the ability to swallow – from the Russian verb glotat’ ‘to swallow’), which should belong to an oak, not a sick person. The word creation within the framework of a spoken construction is supported by the capabilities that are inherent in the language system. Firstly, it is the image of an oak “mouth” (throat), which is formed on the basis of the natural properties and features of oak. This image could be fixed in the internal form of the word itself, which is a controversial issue, but it certainly is seen in the stable compatibility of dub ‘oak’ ↔ duplo ‘hollow’, and at the synchronous level is also supported by the phonetic proximity of these words. The image of a tree, secondly, has another facet: the image of roots of a tree and its crown is projected on the idea of the growth of a tumour (including one in the throat); roots and crown of a tree simultaneously seem to be a “tool” for clearing the throat. Yet another facet of the image is related to how the native speaker sees the properties of a bark: there is a productive model for the Russian language that fixates the connection between the designations of wood (oak) bark and tumours on the human body (including throat tumours); oak bark itself is generally an “archetype” of a bark, hard, rough, stripped from the surface of a tree (which corresponds to “tearing” sensations with a sore throat).

Specificity of economic terms in structural, semantic and translation aspects

The features of structure, semantics and translation of polycomponent economic terms from English into Ukrainian are analyzed in the article. The study found that English polycomponent economic terms are formed by two-, three- and four-component models, characterized by different degrees of usage in language, depending on extralinguistic factors, namely the need for the specified type of terminological phrases. The most productive model of the syntactic method of term formation is „adjective + noun”, which accounts for about 57% of selected terms. The semantic links between the components of terminological phrases are different – absolutely stable or relatively stable. A relatively stable link between components means that the components retain their direct meaning in English polycomponent economic terms. The meaning of terms with absolute stability is not (or almost not) derived from the meaning of their constituents. The terminology of economics is characterized by terms with a relatively stable relationship. Their share is 68% of the sample. The complexity of translating English multicomponent economic terms into Ukrainian is that some terms are ambiguous. When translating English polycomponent economic terms into Ukrainian, methods of literal translation, permutations, descriptive translation are used. The two-component terms are translated using the following constructions: „adjective + noun”, „noun + noun in the genitive case”, as well as a phrase of two nouns with a preposition. Three-component terms can be translated by a corresponding phrase, the components of which fully or partially coincide with the original English polycomponent economic term in form and meaning. We see further research prospects in the study of the structure, semantics and features of translation of these terminological units in other contexts.

Окказиональное словосложение в русском языке: продуктивность и аналогия

The paper deals with the productivity of several compounding models in Russian. Specifically, we will focus on compounds with agentive and instrumental meanings, aiming to determine the synchronic productivity of different models. We will describe the results of an experiment conducted among Russian native speakers, which consisted in the formation of nonce compounds in Russian translating Italian compounds. The results of the experiment show that the most productive model is the suffixless construction, and that the choice of a certain model depends on the semantics of the compound. The results also show that a seemingly crucial factor affecting productivity is constituted by analogy with existing complex words or compounds.

Unreasoned Care

“Unreasoned Care” returns us to God through a sojourn with Foucault’s archives. This chapter queerly attends to how the Process God as Eros of the Universe might open us to a non-redemptive or counter-salvific and yet ethically attentive theology that sticks with the mad we’ve condemned, confined, and left unredeemed. Reading with Lynne Huffer’s re-engagement with Foucault’s History of Madness, this chapter argues for an ethics of care for the ghosts of those an emphasis on reason, straightness, saneness, health, and wealth have ransomed for the rise of the productive model citizen. Placing Foucault and Whitehead into conversation offers us a theo-ethic of grave attending to those ransomed for our redemption. Such an encounter helps us to acknowledge the past that has caused the world to be thus, and to salvage dreams of a world that can be otherwise.

DETERMINANTS AND DIRECTIONS OF THE TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: THE BULGARIAN CASE

On the basis of a literature review, the directions for transition of agriculture from the productive to the post-productive model are presented. A methodological framework has been developed, including the directions of the transition and the indicators on which it can be assessed. On the basis of this implementation, the passage from quantity to production quality, to the sustainability of agriculture, to new business models based on multifunctionality are assessed. It turns out that the changes in Bulgarian agriculture cannot be assessed unambiguously. The transition to sustainability is accompanied by continued mechanization and digitization of technological processes. There is a simultaneous development of both the productive and the post-productive model of agriculture. Together with the increasing interest in organic production, the implementation of environmentally friendly practices and the implementation of ecosystem services, modernization based on computerization and chemisation continues. The results are part of scientific project DN 15/8 2017 Sustainable multifunctional rural areas: reconsidering agricultural models and systems with increased demands and limited resources funded by the Bulgarian research fund.