scholarly journals Russian “duboglot” in Charms and Dialectal Vocabulary (towards Investigation of Mytho-Poetic Motivation of Words)

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-337
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Agapkina ◽  
Elena L. Berezovich
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Productive Model

The article considers the word duboglot, which functions in the Russian dialects (mainly South Russian) in the meanings of ‘strong dry cough, usually accompanied by a sore throat,’ ‘angina.’ Semantic and motivational reconstruction of this word is carried out based on its role in the text. The authors conclude that the word got into the dialect system from the folklore (mainly from the charms), where it refers to diseases related to inflammation of the oral cavity, pharynx and lower respiratory tract, and accompanied by a strong cough, pain. It is established that most often the word appeared in the texts as a part of the formula “X (a tree), take your Y (duboglot), otherwise I will eat you / swallow you,” which is initially addressed to an oak tree as a convenient “recipient” of diseases that are expelled from the speaker’s space. The authors suggest that the word duboglot is “induced” by the logic of unfolding the text: this is “the oak glot” (glot is the ability to swallow – from the Russian verb glotat’ ‘to swallow’), which should belong to an oak, not a sick person. The word creation within the framework of a spoken construction is supported by the capabilities that are inherent in the language system. Firstly, it is the image of an oak “mouth” (throat), which is formed on the basis of the natural properties and features of oak. This image could be fixed in the internal form of the word itself, which is a controversial issue, but it certainly is seen in the stable compatibility of dub ‘oak’ ↔ duplo ‘hollow’, and at the synchronous level is also supported by the phonetic proximity of these words. The image of a tree, secondly, has another facet: the image of roots of a tree and its crown is projected on the idea of the growth of a tumour (including one in the throat); roots and crown of a tree simultaneously seem to be a “tool” for clearing the throat. Yet another facet of the image is related to how the native speaker sees the properties of a bark: there is a productive model for the Russian language that fixates the connection between the designations of wood (oak) bark and tumours on the human body (including throat tumours); oak bark itself is generally an “archetype” of a bark, hard, rough, stripped from the surface of a tree (which corresponds to “tearing” sensations with a sore throat).

Linguocognitive Aspects of the Dynamic of Verbalisation the Conceptial Space „Trade“

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-285
Author(s):  
Valentina Kolesnik ◽  
Galina Yarotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Economic Consciousness ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Commercial Trade

The article explores systemic lingual and speech facts objectifying trade, which are fixated in lexicographical sources. Comprehensible, exemplary, and values-based characteristics of trade are established. This establishment allows the discussion of the fact that in the commonplace, economic consciousness of a native speaker of the Russian language and Russian linguaculture, the following notional components of the logico-rational conceptualization of trade are present (evidently or not evidently): 1) entrepreneurship; 2) buying-selling, circulation of products; 3) obtainment of advantages. Figuratively-evaluative components of the conceptualization characterize trade as an activity which entails betrayal and deception, unfair profits and “lucre” (barysh), which allow discussion of the presence of (evidently or not evidently) the following notional components of the logico-rational conceptualization of trade in the commonplace economic consciousness of a native speaker of Russian and linguaculture: 1) entrepreneurship; 2) buying-selling, circulation of products; 3) obtainment of profits.Values-based components are presented in an aphorismic representation, mutually excluding normative judgements related to trade links and theft, truthfulness and lies in a product’s commercial, business and familial ties in bargaining, necessity of obtaining a profit while at the same time retaining moral values. The defining characteristic of the perception of a bargain situation is the presence of mutually exclusive norms of behavior during the buying and selling of products: deceiving is forbidden and allowed, familial ties are taken into account and ignored, there is and there is not a link between trade and theft. These contradictions can be explained with famous cultural dominations in Russian lingual consciousness: the necessity of living according to the laws of higher justice and the resulting maximalism in the evaluation of the reality of life, and thus negative evaluation of the material enrichment of individuals. Logico-rational conceptualizations of trade in lingual consciousness identify the following peculiar qualities: 1) thorough linguocognitive elaboration on the name of the salesperson in the form of several nicknames, given to the salesperson depending on the produced and realized product, 2) conceptual (and associative) connections between the lexeme to sell and resell, buy and bribe, 3) unification of semantic characteristics in the words “producer” and “seller of product” in one nomination, which negates the presence of commercial, trade activity as mediation, 4) negative evaluation of aspiration to unfair advantages (barysh) and 5) presence of mutually exclusive behavior norms during bargaining.

scholarly journals Common problems of teaching russian verbs to persian language students using russian-persian bilingual dictionaries as a teaching tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
M. R. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Ahmadi ◽  
H. Baharloo ◽  
S. S. Ghalebandi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies the Russian verb and its grammatical and semantic information in three dictionaries by Klevtsova S. D., Voskanyan G.A., Ovchinnikova I.K., which are the most relevant diction-aries at present and most often used while learning the Russian language in Iranian universities. In this work the problems with which Iranian students are faced while searching verb forms in these dictionaries are considered. By comparing these dictionaries in terms of the content and information contained in each entry, the author lists the differences between these dictionaries and points out the lack of some information necessary for Iranian students to learn. It seems that updating the content of the mentioned diction-aries will not only help to optimize the Russian language learning process by Iranian students at different educational levels, but also to solve translation problems.

scholarly journals Features of teaching Russian as a foreign language to bilingual students (using the example of the Russian verb aspect study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Elena Leonidovna Perkova ◽  
Lubov Pavlovna Shirobokova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper discusses the features of learning Russian by foreign students who speak English at a basic level. A difficult aspect for foreign students is grammar, which is accompanied by an innumerable set of rules and the same number of exceptions. One of the most difficult grammatical topics is Imperfect and Perfect Verbs, since in other languages the grammatical category of the verb aspect does not exist. In this regard, there are difficulties for foreign bilingual students in determining the meaning, methods of education, use and application of imperfect and perfect verbs in speech situations. The explanation of the material is based on the principles of consistency and systematicity, i.e. from the disclosure of the semantics of verbs, their functions in specific communicative situations, further to the methods of forming of aspect pairs of the verb using common prefixes, suffixes, as well as exceptions to the rules, alternating adjacent consonants and vowels in the root, and special cases of formation of aspect pairs of the verb that need to be remembered. The paper presents methods of teaching the grammatical category of the verb aspect in the Russian language to foreign students, successive stages of work on the formation and correct using of perfect and imperfect verbs in order to remove the language barrier in intercultural communication.

scholarly journals Functional Category of Aspectuality in the Russian And English Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Hripsime A. Derdzakyan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Functional Category ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies functional and semantic Tense/Aspect complexes in Russian and English, focusing on their similarities and differences. In Russian, Tense-Aspect meanings of the verb forms correlate with the semantic components of Aktionsart, while in English both Imperfective and Perfective aspects of the verb semantics are realized by the constituent category of Tense/Aspect. The inner asymmetry of the verb forms and meanings is acknowledged for each of the contrastive languages, especially for the two languages compared. The material of the study is retrieved from grammar books and manuals and from literary text samples, principally concerns the use of Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb and the forms of the English Perfect. The novelty impact of the study is determined by focusing on the irregularity of the aspectual meanings of English Perfect forms and Tense/Aspect forms of the Russian verb, whereas they are mostly due to lexical meanings of the verbs influenced by intralinguistic specificities of the semantics of lexical indicators as well as mechanisms of communication on the whole. Aspectual meanings both for the Perfective and Imperfective Aspect in languages under comparison used to make up lexical and grammatical aspectual categorical complexes. In terms of Aspect and Tense, peculiarities are found as functional and semantic ones, highly dependent on the situation and context of communication, thus involving extralinguistic factors which also concern the extralinguistic environment of Tense/Aspect verbal forms in use. The comparison of functions and the semantics of Aspect and Aktionsart in the Russian language with those of English Perfect asymmetry is proved to emerge, being caused by cross-linguistic structural and typological differences, particularly, the existence or not the similar forms, their varying semantic load, analytical or synthetic tendencies and others. The asymmetry is especially vividly seen translation and lexicographic field to compose varying kinds of bilingual dictionaries.

scholarly journals Verbalization of basic emotions on the material of the national corpus of the russian language: comparative analysis of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Goots ◽  
Elena Dmitrievna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

Modern linguistics is characterized by anthropocentrism, in the center of its research attention are questions about a person based on his integrity and exclusivity. This article is devoted to the study of the verbalization of such basic emotions as fear and horror. The subject of the research is the features of the basic emotions of fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The work was carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The purpose of the work is to identify and define the features of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The relevance of the study is due to the inevitable dependence of every sphere of a person's life on his emotional state. Despite the extensive study of emotions by psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics, a number of questions remain in this problem. The materials of the Russian National Corpus provide great opportunities for studying the verbalization of the emotions of a native speaker of the Russian language in various genres and styles, which allows reaching a new level of research. The peculiarity of the study of emotions is found in the variety of linguistic means of their expression, which include the appropriate vocabulary, phraseological constructions and a certain compatibility. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the comparative analysis of the verbalization of the basic emotions of fear and horror is carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language. In the course of the work, the following methods were used: descriptive, involving the analysis of both theoretical and empirical material, generalization and interpretation of the results obtained; component analysis; introspection method; comparative and comparative and statistical methods. The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that its materials and conclusions can be used in university courses in lexicology, lexicography, psycholinguistics.

scholarly journals THE USE OF THE VERB PRINIYAT (TO ACCEPT) IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Moghaddam Mohsen Khademi ◽  
Mousa Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Practice Of Teaching

The object of this paper is the Russian verb priniyat (to accept) which has a wide semantic potential and a wide range of commonly used features in the Russian language. The authors explore various aspects of this verb. At the beginning of the paper, the authors briefly present the etymology of this verb, provide various lexical classifications, restrictions in the use of personal forms of the verb priniyat (to accept), stable combinations and idioms with this verb in the Russian language, and the most common associations with it. Then they give equivalents of this verb in the Persian language. The data presented in the paper can contribute to the theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Persian language environment, primarily in mastering the verbal subsystem due to its connection with other verbs that in some meanings have similar usage.

scholarly journals Teaching russian phraseology with the component of color term “black” to philology foreign students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chernova ◽  
Elena Lelis ◽  
Svetlana Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Regional Geography ◽  
Color Term ◽  
The Russian Language

The study of phraseology is an advanced direction of teaching methods of Russian as a foreign language. Any non-native speaker embarking on a study of Russian is faced with the problems of understanding the phraseological units that the Russian language is replete with. Language learners experience particular difficulties when using phraseological units with the color designation component “black” in a real-life communicative situation. The problem of understanding the phraseology of the Russian language is associated with the fact that representatives of different countries have knowledge of the phraseology of their native language that encompasses regional geography, linguoculturological, national concepts, which often do not coincide with similar phenomena in the Russian environment. This paper scientifically substantiates the methodological system for working with phraseological units in the study of Russian as a foreign language. It presents a system of scientifically grounded assignments for foreigners to learn Russian as a foreign language.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of carrying out exam for the status of native speaker of the Russian language for foreign citizens and stateless persons

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Darya Nikolaevna Polyarush ◽  
Elena Anatolevna Chelak
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Cultural Worldview ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is psycholinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of the procedures carrying out an exam for the status of “Russian native speaker”. Relevance of this work is substantiated by the need to develop a unified strategy for commissioners in decision-making procedure of recognition of foreign citizens in all regions of the Russian Federation. The research objective is to accelerate unification of the procedure by specifying the requirements for the status of “Russian native speaker”. In substantiation of the term that has descriptive character and is not codified in reference literature, emphasis is placed on the notional, content-related component. An attempt is made to set a requirement that the tasks must correspond to the content of modern representations on history, culture and national values. The examples of tasks with high though-provoking potential that can demonstrate the commonality of cultural and axiological worldview with the Russian society among the applicants for the status of “Russian native speaker”. The examples of practical application of such types of tasks by the authors of this article in terms of sitting of the commission on designation of the status of “Russian native speaker” to foreign citizens or stateless persons in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug –Yugra. The novelty lies in consideration of the concept from the perspective of axiology. The article is first to raise the question on correspondence of not only the level of command of grammatical rules of the language, but also the level of congeniality of the content of answers to the cultural worldview of the Russian society. This research authors can serve as the materials for formation of tasks in all regions of the Russian Federation, and help the applicants to prepare for the procedure.

POLYSUBJECT IN CONSTRUCTIONS WITH AN ADVERBIAL PARTICIPLES: HISTORY AND THE PRESENT (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (102) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
ANNA P. VIALSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper considers polysubject clauses with adverbial participles and their comparison with construction “dative absolute” characteristic of the Old Russian narrative texts. By hagiographic texts and General Internet Corpus of Russian, it has been found that the objective narration of the Old Russian texts required pointing to the subject as it changed according to the scribe’s focus. On the contrary, developing a subjective type of narrative which is focused on the narrator’s modus allows a native speaker to avoid ambiguity of abnormal constructions with adverbial participles and use them as means of actual division of the sentence.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ORAL SPEECH WITH SIGNS OF INTERLINGUAL INTERFERENCE, VERNACULAR WITH FOREIGN LANGUAGE ELEMENTS, IMITATION OF SPEECH IN NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 691-711
Author(s):  
A. Ovannisian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The need to write this article is due to the linguistic situation, that has developed, in particular, in Ukraine, when, as a result of the activation of migration processes, the object of forensic research is increasingly becoming speech with foreign language elements. Based on this, an acute problem arises of developing methodological approaches to the forensic study of speech material with signs of interlingual interference, its distinction from common speech using foreign language elements (pidgin in Ukrainian realities), and, if necessary, the appearance of signs of imitation of speech in a non-native language. The article deals with the universal basic criteria for establishing signs of interlingual interference: consistency, complexity, predictability, stability of their manifestation, which makes it possible to distinguish them from signs of speech in the native language, and, no less important, from signs of pidgin or imitation, which do not have the above properties. The possibilities of obtaining useful information in the process of studying speech with signs of interlingual interference are also analyzed, which concerns, in particular: 1) establishing whether the speaker is a native speaker of the language in which he speaks; 2) establishing the native language of the speaker (provided that the expert is fluent in this language); 3) establishing whether the participants in the polylogue or dialogue are speakers of one or different languages; 4) conducting an identification study of speech in a non-native language of two speakers of the same language, etc. Proceeding from the fact that interlingual interference is, in fact, a complex feature that can be unambiguously established only if its manifestations are recorded at different linguistic levels, the article discusses possible forms of its implementation in phonetic, prosodic, morphological, lexical, syntactic, ethnolinguistic levels. As specific examples of a comprehensive study of the signs of interlanguage interference, the article sets out the systems of the main signs of interlanguage interference that can be recorded in the speech in Russian of the native speakers of the Ukrainian language and in the speech in the Ukrainian language of the native speakers of the Russian language.

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