scholarly journals Specificity of economic terms in structural, semantic and translation aspects

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Valentyna Ishchenko ◽  
◽  
Sofia Horbunova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Stability ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Component Models ◽  
Productive Model ◽  
Genitive Case

The features of structure, semantics and translation of polycomponent economic terms from English into Ukrainian are analyzed in the article. The study found that English polycomponent economic terms are formed by two-, three- and four-component models, characterized by different degrees of usage in language, depending on extralinguistic factors, namely the need for the specified type of terminological phrases. The most productive model of the syntactic method of term formation is „adjective + noun”, which accounts for about 57% of selected terms. The semantic links between the components of terminological phrases are different – absolutely stable or relatively stable. A relatively stable link between components means that the components retain their direct meaning in English polycomponent economic terms. The meaning of terms with absolute stability is not (or almost not) derived from the meaning of their constituents. The terminology of economics is characterized by terms with a relatively stable relationship. Their share is 68% of the sample. The complexity of translating English multicomponent economic terms into Ukrainian is that some terms are ambiguous. When translating English polycomponent economic terms into Ukrainian, methods of literal translation, permutations, descriptive translation are used. The two-component terms are translated using the following constructions: „adjective + noun”, „noun + noun in the genitive case”, as well as a phrase of two nouns with a preposition. Three-component terms can be translated by a corresponding phrase, the components of which fully or partially coincide with the original English polycomponent economic term in form and meaning. We see further research prospects in the study of the structure, semantics and features of translation of these terminological units in other contexts.

scholarly journals Validity of two-component models for estimating body fat of black men

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale R. Wagner ◽  
Vivian H. Heyward
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Heterogeneous Sample ◽  
Four Component Model ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Model Conversion ◽  
Component Models

Commonly used two-component model conversion formulas that estimate relative body fat (%BF) from body density (Db) were cross-validated on a heterogeneous sample of black men ( n = 30; age = 19–45 yr). A four-component model was used to obtain criterion measures of %BF, and linear regression and analysis of individual residual scores were conducted to assess the predictive accuracy of the formulas under investigation. The two-component formula commonly used to estimate %BF of black men (Schutte JE, Townsend EJ, Hugg J, Shoup RF, Malina RM, and Blomqvist CG. J Appl Physiol 56: 1647–1649, 1984) significantly ( P ≤ 0.01) and systematically (87% of sample) overestimated %BF (−1.28%); thus we developed the following two-component Db conversion formula: %BF = [(4.858/Db) − 4.394] × 100. Because our formula was derived from a four-component model and a larger, more heterogeneous sample than the commonly used two-component formula, we recommend using it to convert Db to %BF for black men. Additionally, there was good agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the four-component model, making this a suitable alternative for estimating the %BF of black men.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pole Position from 1846 to 1970

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Gaposchkin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Component Motion ◽  
Component Models

One- and two-component models for the Chandler motion are investigated with the use of historical data. Evidence for a two-component motion is more convincing from both the data-analysis and the geophysical point of view.

Statistical Analysis of Price Volatility of Agricultural Commodities Traded at the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) Using Multiplicative GARCH-MIDAS Two-component Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215091989562
Author(s):  
Teshome Hailemeskel Abebe ◽  
Emmanuel Gabreyohannes Woldesenbet ◽  
Belaineh Legesse Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Commodity Exchange ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Component Models

We applied multiplicative GARCH-MIDAS two component models for price return volatility of selected commodities traded at the Ethiopian commodity exchange (ECX). Unlike the ‘traditional’ generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) family models, GARCH-MIDAS component model can capture the time-varying conditional as well as unconditional volatilities, and accommodates macroeconomic variables observed at different frequencies through mixed interval data sampling (MIDAS) specification. The results of our specification tests revealed the existence of both time-varying conditional and unconditional variance. The fitted GARCH-MIDAS component models showed that realized volatility, inflation rate and fuel oil price have had an increasing effect on the price volatility of the commodities under consideration, while real effective exchange rate (REER) had the opposite effect. Furthermore, mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Diebold and Mariano (DM) test were used for evaluating and comparing the forecasting ability of GARCH-MIDAS component models against standard GARCH models. The results revealed that GARCH-MIDAS component models outperformed the standard GARCH model for high-frequency data.

The low-energy cosmic-ray nuclei and their propagation in interstellar space

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S553-S556 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Comstock
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Interstellar Space ◽  
Loss Measurement ◽  
Depletion Depth ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The University ◽  
Component Models

The differential energy spectra of the cosmic-ray nuclei helium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen above 30 MeV/nucleon, boron, neon, magnesium, and silicon above 50 MeV/nucleon, and the iron group above 100 MeV/nucleon, measured in October–December 1964 and May–June 1965 by the University of Chicago charged-particle telescope on board the OGO-I satellite (Comstock et al. 1966b), have been corrected to take account of the effective depletion depth of the gold–silicon solid-state detectors used for rate-of-energy-loss measurement. Additional data from October to December 1965 are included. The magnitudes and relative shapes of the spectra deduced by extrapolation to nearby interstellar space place important constraints on the allowed modes of interstellar propagation for these nuclei. Two-component models are shown to account for most of the observed properties of the interstellar cosmic-ray nuclei.

scholarly journals A simple two-component description of mass segregation for anisotropic globular clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (S351) ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
S. Torniamenti ◽  
G. Bertin ◽  
P. Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Dynamical Models ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Partial Energy ◽  
Energy Equipartition ◽  
Mass Segregation ◽  
The One ◽  
Component Models

AbstractAs a result of the slow action of two-body encounters, globular clusters develop mass segregation and attain a condition of only partial energy equipartition even in their central, most relaxed regions. Realistic numerical simulations show that, during the process, a radially-biased anisotropy profile slowly builds up, mimicking that resulting from incomplete violent relaxation. Commonly used dynamical models, such as the one-component King models, cannot describe these properties. Here we show that simple two-component models based on a distribution function originally conceived to describe elliptical galaxies, recently truncated and adapted to the context of globular clusters, can describe in detail what is observed in complex and realistic numerical simulations.

COMPARISON OF TWO-COMPONENT AND MULTI-COMPONENT MODELS IN ESTIMATING BODY COMPOSITION OF HISPANIC WOMEN

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Heyward ◽  
J. Goodman ◽  
D. Grant ◽  
K. Kessler ◽  
P. Kocina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Component Models

scholarly journals TWO-SIGMA: a novel TWO-component SInGle cell Model-based Association method for single-cell RNA-seq data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Van Buren ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Chen Weng ◽  
Fulai Jin ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Single Cell Model ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Association Method ◽  
Component Models

AbstractIn this paper, we develop TWO-SIGMA, a TWO-component SInGle cell Model-based Association method for differential expression (DE) analyses in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. The first component models the probability of “drop-out” with a mixed-effects logistic regression model and the second component models the (conditional) mean expression with a mixed-effects negative binomial regression model. TWO-SIGMA is extremely flexible in that it: (i) does not require a log-transformation of the outcome, (ii) allows for overdispersed and zero-inflated counts, (iii) accommodates a correlation structure between cells from the same biological sample via random effect terms, (iv) can analyze unbalanced designs (in which the number of cells does not need to be identical for all samples), (v) can control for additional sample-level and cell-level covariates including batch effects, (vi) provides interpretable effect size estimates, and (vii) enables general tests of DE beyond two-group comparisons. To our knowledge, TWO-SIGMA is the only method for analyzing scRNA-seq data that can simultaneously accomplish each of these features. Simulations studies show that TWO-SIGMA outperforms alternative regression-based approaches in both type-I error control and power enhancement when the data contains even moderate within-sample correlation. A real data analysis using pancreas islet single-cells exhibits the flexibility of TWO-SIGMA and demonstrates that incorrectly failing to include random effect terms can have dramatic impacts on scientific conclusions. TWO-SIGMA is implemented in the R package twosigma available at https://github.com/edvanburen/twosigma.

Notional Synonymy in Ukrainian Syntactic Terminology

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Oksana Vasetska
Keyword(s):  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genitive Case

The article reveals a section of terminological units of the variology, the analysis is given in specialized dictionaries and reference books in linguistics, i.e. it deals with the status of synonyms and variants in general variance theory, in particular, synonymy is recognised as a semantic variation and traditional variation is declared as a formal expression of a broader category of variability. The common phenomenon of describing a concept by several names is variability. It distinguishes into synonymy and doubling by such criterion as the interchangeability of terms in contexts. The way to avoid the terminological coincidence of terms which describe the general features of the language system and refer the indicator of the formal distinction of identical units by the meaning is proposed. Such group of synonymic terms as notional terms, i.e. analytical terms-synonyms with synonymous subordinative dependent components, are analized. This group is represented by simple two-component analytical terms and complex (three-component) terms-phrases. Components of simple phrases terms are formed in such ways “adjective + noun in the nominative case” and “noun in the nominative case + noun in the genitive case”. The peculiarity of presented terminological rows of complex word-combination is that each subsequent dependent synonymic component reduces the meaning of the previous word-combination. This group includes units formed in such ways “dependent word + simple word-combination”, “dependent word (Adj)” + simple word-combination (main word (noun) + dependent word (noun in the genitive case)” and “the main word + dependent from word-combination word” and the rows of units containing synonymous dependent components as word and a simple complex word-combination.

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