Modular component exchange and outcome of DAIR for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection

Aims The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the association between exchange of modular parts in debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) procedure and outcomes for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library from inception until May 2021. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression was used to estimate, on a study level, the success rate of DAIR related to component exchange. Risk of bias was appraised using the (AQUILA) checklist. Results We included 65 studies comprising 6,630 patients. The pooled overall success after DAIR for PJI was 67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 63% to 70%). This was 70% (95% CI 65% to 75%) for DAIR for hip PJI and 63% (95% CI 58% to 69%) for knee PJI. In studies before 2004 (n = 27), our meta-regression analysis showed a 3.5% increase in success rates for each 10% increase in component exchange in DAIR for hip PJI and a 3.1% increase for each 10% increase in component exchange for knee PJI. When restricted to studies after 2004 (n = 37), this association changed: for DAIR for hip PJI a decrease in successful outcome by 0.5% for each 10% increase in component exchange and for DAIR for knee PJI this was a 0.01% increase in successful outcome for each 10% increase in component exchange. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-regression found no benefit of modular component exchange on reduction of PJI failure. This limited effect should be weighed against the risks for the patient and cost on a case-by-case basis. The association between exchange of modular components and outcome changed before and after 2004. This suggests the effect seen after 2004 may reflect a more rigorous, evidence-based, approach to the infected implant compared to the years before. Level of Evidence: Level III Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(10):806–812.

THE ROLE OF THE PENAL SYSTEM IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES

The article is devoted to understanding the place of the penal system in the implementation of certain aspects of national security. Through the analysis of the regulatory framework, the role of the penitentiary system as a modular component of the unified state security system is demonstrated and generalized, including on the basis of its basic tasks and functions. Various aspects of the category "security" in the activities of the penitentiary system are considered." Special attention is paid to various theoretical, legal and applied issues of implementing security functions in the activities of individual divisions of the Federal Penitentiary Service. As a conclusion, it is noted that it is necessary to build a clear algorithm for the activities of the criminal executive system to counteract crime and effectively interact with other elements of the state system of public security.

A Novel Modular Approach for Kinematic Modelling and Analysis of Planar Hybrid Manipulators

For customized design of a hybrid-manipulator for a specific application, selection of an appropriate configuration is always a challenge. To assist in this foremost decision in data-driven synthesis, a novel approach is proposed for modular formation of quick configurations and developing respective kinematic model and differential relations for their performance analyses. This unified modular approach utilizes modular primitives to define a planar hybrid configuration. Three types of primitives are introduced as modular component, and pattern study is detailed. Modelling results from the proposed approach are compared to that with normally used partial differentiation with respect to the computational efforts, streamlined modular implementation and applicability in optimal design approaches. The strategy will help a designer as a tool for analysing several configurations. Two realistic case studies are demonstrated in the paper for application of the methodology in medical robotics field.

Design and Fabrication of a Responsive Carrier Component Envelope

Responsive architecture comprises the creation of buildings or structural elements of buildings that adapt in response to external stimuli or internal conditions. The responsiveness of such structures rests on addressing constraints from multiple domains of expertise. The dynamic integration of geometric, structural, material and electronic subsystems requires innovative design methods and processes. This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a responsive carrier component envelope (RCCE) that responds by changing shape through kinetic motion. The design of the RCCE is based on geometry and structure of carrier surfaces populated with a kinetic structural component that responds to external stimuli. We extend earlier prototypes to design a modular, component-driven bottom-up system assembly exploring full-scale material and electronic subsystems for the expansion and retraction of a symmetric polar array based on the Hobermann sphere. We test the kinetic responsiveness of the RCCE with material constraints and simulate responses by connecting the adaptive components with programmable input and behavior. Finally, a concrete situation from practice is presented where 16 fully-functional components of the adaptive component are assembled and tested as part of an interactive public placemaking installation at the Shenzhen MakerFaire Exhibition. The RCCE experimental prototype provides new results on the design and construction of an adaptive assembly in system design and planning, choice of fabrication and assembly methods and incorporation of dynamic forms. This paper concludes that the design and assembly of an adaptive structural component based on RCCE presents results for designing sensitive, creative, adaptable and sustainable architecture.

Abstract Domains for Bit-Level Machine Integer and Floating-point Operations

We present a few lightweight numeric abstract domains to analyze C programs thatexploit the binary representation of numbers in computers, for instance toperform ``compute-through-overflow'' on machine integers, or to directlymanipulate the exponent and mantissa of floating-point numbers.On integers, we propose an extension of intervals with a modular component,as well as a bitfield domain.On floating-point numbers, we propose a predicate domain to match, infer,and propagate selected expression patterns.These domains are simple, efficient, and extensible.We have included them into the Astree and AstreeA static analyzers tosupplement existing domains. Experimental results show that they can improvethe analysis precision at a reasonable cost.

Electrochemical Behaviour of Titanium Based Biomaterials in Artificial Saliva

In the last decade, new titanium alloys such as Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al7NbN have been developed in different areas of dentistry. It is known that mechanical/electrochemical interactions accelerate corrosion in implant alloys, and these interactions can be reduced by improving the modular component machining tolerances or by improving the corrosion resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al7NbN alloys corrosion resistance in AFNOR artificial saliva. Due to the nitrogen diffusion, the Ti6Al7NbN alloy presents more pronounced grain structure than Ti6Al7Nb. In the electrochemical estimations the polarisation data were converted into instantaneous corrosion rate values (jcorr). The obtained passivation properties were comparable for both alloys. The EIS spectra were best fitted using an equivalent circuit (EC) which was consistent with the model of a two-layer structure for the passive film. The electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al7NbN increased the occurrence of the implant alloy�s electrochemical degradation.

The trial introduction of aggregate modular component parts into the process of developing the hydraulic press and the research results in the modes of briquetting sawdust.

The hydraulic press PRO-60 has been developed at the Gomel State Technical University named after Pavel Sukhoy. It is designed to press fine softwood and hardwood waste into bricks, which might be used for heating dwelling houses, public buildings and working areas. Efficient briquetting modes making it possible to obtain bricks for long-term storage have been established.