scholarly journals A Formalised Approach to Optimal Adoption of a Complex of Technical Means

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
T. A. Popova ◽  
A. P. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Characteristics

The research relates to the field of automation of technological preparation of production in transport equipment manufacturing sector and proposes the concept of choosing the optimal design model for a complex of technical means within a control system in automated production. The factors characterising the dynamics of the processes have been studied, and the corresponding mathematical models have been drawn up, considering the cost characteristics and the economic feasibility of adopting integratedtechnical means.The main objective of this work is to propose consideration of all parameters that have weight, including the dynamics of technical and economic processes. It is shown that cost characteristics are direct indicators of economic efficiency of the implemented complex of technical means.Methodically, this work was carried out based on economic and mathematical analysis of adoption of a complex of technical means at a transport equipment manufacturing enterprise considering approaches previously suggested by researchers.Thus, for the most accurate determination of the final cost of a certain product option, it is necessary to consider all factors of design decisions. Based on these data, a model of cost characteristics of products is built, analysing which it is possible to select the optimal product design, optimal assemblies and units with specific components and specific quality indicators. This allows obtaining the optimal technological version of the design solution during manufacturing.A method of searching for an optimal production cycle when introducing an automated production system is proposed. It is proposed to consider the losses associated with temporary freezing of funds, including the need to perform a convolution of optimization criteria. To formalise the process of making optimal decisions, it is also proposed to harmonise the products and market needs. Besides, the search methodology should include the search for an optimal group of employees responsible for implementation of specific and narrowly focused tasks, which makes it possible to improve the quality indicators of automated production with an adopted complex of technical means (CTM).To minimise the time spent on entire commissioning of a product from the development stage to receipt of the finished product, it is required to speed up the development work. This can be done by increasing production capacity, as well as by reducing the time of partial cycles of the structure’s existence.Even though the model is becoming excessively redundant, we suppose that introduction of additional elements is necessary to consider all the nuances that help choosing the best solution regarding optimisation issues, which will allow determining of the full economic efficiency of the complex.

scholarly journals Economic feasibility of obtaining wood phytomass through accelerated cultivation of pine wood on postagrogenic lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
Sergey Yanush ◽  
Dmitry Danilov ◽  
Aleksei Kharlanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Break Even Point

Abstract The paper examines economic efficiency of obtaining wood biomass through accelerated cultivation of pine on postagrogenic lands of the Leningrad Region of Northwest Russia. In experimental pine plantations, we selected model trees and calculated the stem wood biomass of 11-year old stands with different stem densities. Assessments of the economic efficiency of the production of wood chips from pine wood grown on postagrogenic lands were based on a set of machines and mechanisms, consumables and wages. A break-even point was determined for the production of wood chips in plantations with different stem densities. In the variant with a stand density of 2900 trees per hectare, it is possible to make a profit, because a break-even point was obtained for the investments made. Pine stands of such density can be taken as a prototype, when creating and growing short rotation plantations. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to predict a further increase in pine wood biomass in a plantation on post-agrogenic soils. On postagrogenic lands, marketable wood pulp can be obtained within a short period of time; thus such lands will be involved in an economic turnover.

scholarly journals Justification of economic performance of processing of grain crops in biogas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Tkach ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Mirzoieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Investment Projects

The article presents a study on the justification of the economic feasibility of processing cereals into biogas. Аt the first stage the sown areas and productivity of separate agricultural crops in the investigated enterprises of Brovarsky district, Kyiv region were analyzed. The tendency to increase the yield of agricultural crops in the studied enterprises was revealed. This was seen as evidence that they could potentially be fully self-sufficient in raw materials for the production of gaseous biofuels. At the second stage of the study, the potential volume of the raw material base for biogas production in the studied enterprises was calculated, potential volume of biogas production and economically feasible volume of biogas production for each enterprise. It is proposed to use part of the grown grain for bioenergy production, and this part should be 10-15% of the gross harvest of grain enterprises in order to prevent the food crisis in the country. At the third stage of the study to determine the economic efficiency of biogas production from wheat and corn, investment costs were calculated, necessary for the implementation of the project to install a biogas plant in the studied enterprises. The authors calculated the investment costs required to implement the project of installing a biogas plant at the studied enterprises. The authors also analyzed the costs of each company for future projects. Finally, the economic efficiency of the proposed project for biogas production in the studied enterprises of Brovary district, Kyiv region is calculated, the economic efficiency of the project in the long run is analyzed with the use of discounted indicators of economic efficiency with a life cycle of 5 years. It was found that the implementation of projects for biogas production may be accompanied by high efficiency, all enterprises will receive profits from the implementation of investment projects for the production of biogas and biofertilizers with the subsequent sale of biogas and the use of biofertilizers for their own needs.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF LIVESTOCK FARMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Babynets ◽  
◽  
Y. Tyutyunnik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The purpose of the work - to conduct a study of economic efficiency developed in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT design solutions for family dairy and fattening farms of cattle and sheep farms of different sizes, adapted to EU requirements. Research methods. During the analytical research, an economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed design solutions of dairy and fattening farms of cattle, as well as sheep farms of different sizes was made. Investments in the creation of livestock facilities were determined by the following components: construction of farms, acquisition of machinery and technological equipment, the cost of purchasing livestock. The estimate for the construction and technical equipment of the farms included the costs of construction materials, machinery, equipment, construction and installation work. The calculated method was determined by the cost of funds per animal place and the output of gross output, taking into account the planned productivity. The need for land for the operation of farms was calculated according to the needs of animals in feed for the production of planned livestock products. Calculations of profitability of production and payback period for the creation of livestock facilities were carried out according to generally accepted methods of determining economic efficiency. Research results. According to the results of research on the economic efficiency of projects of livestock facilities, developed in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT and adapted to EU requirements, the following expected indicators were obtained. To create dairy farms for 10, 15 and 25 cows with young livestock, respectively: the need for total investments is 1535.89 thousand UAH, 2038.78 and 2964.20 thousand UAH; expenditures per animal - UAH 76 thousand, UAH 68 thousand and UAH 59 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 16 hectares, 24 and 40 hectares; the level of profitability of farms, provided that the planned productivity is reached, will be 60, 64 and 61%; payback period -5.2; 4.4 and 4.0 years, respectively. In order to create family farms for fattening young cattle, respectively, by 25, 50, 100 heads: the need for total investment is 489.3 thousand UAH, 764.1 and 1253.0 thousand UAH; expenditures per animal - UAH 19.5 thousand, UAH 15.3 and 19.5 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 10, 20 and 40 hectares; level of profitability - 40%; the payback period for the creation of such farms is 5, 4.5 and 4 years, respectively. To create family sheep farms for 25, 50, 100 heads of fattening and 100 heads of dairy sheep farms, respectively: the need for total investments is UAH 252.20 thousand, UAH 357.81 thousand, UAH 568.39 and 76.47 thousand; expenditures per animal - UAH 10.20 thousand, UAH 7.10 thousand, UAH 5.60 and 10.20 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 3.1, 6.2, 12.3 and 13.8 hectares; level of profitability - 25%; payback period for the creation of farms - 5, 4,5, 4 and 4 years. Conclusions. Studies of the economic efficiency of livestock projects developed in L. Pogorily UkrNDIPVT and adapted to EU requirements, namely different sizes of family dairy and fattening farms of cattle and sheep farms testified to the high economic feasibility of their creation and use. Key words: sheep breeding, economic efficiency, capital investments, estimate, level of profitability, cattle breeding, livestock farms, payback period.

scholarly journals Urban requalification and economic sustainability: the case of the Genoa levante waterfront [Riqualificazione urbana e sostenibilità economica: il caso del waterfront di levante di Genova]

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Paolo Rosasco ◽  
Giampiero Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Urban Impacts ◽  
New Public ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
Urban Waterfront

After the season of major projects and major urban maintenance, completed with the event of Genoa, European Capital of Culture of the now distant 2004, the urban redevelopment project of the Genoese urban waterfront in the Levante sector (ie the area that physically connects the Expo area with the Fiera del Mare complex) is the largest project involving the Genoese urban structure of the last few years. The complex vicissitudes linked to a highly complex design process (on the area in question overlook very different functions ranging from the naval industry to the yachting port, up to the fair pavilions), create a scenario in which differentiated interests arise and where the balance between costs and benefits is important to the success of the operation. The Municipality of Genoa has started the process for the redevelopment of the area through a design competition for the selection of the best proposal to be made to an interested party to be selected in a subsequent public selection. The urban impacts on the infrastructural system, on the allocation of new public spaces, on the location of new “valuable” functions, as well as the overall urban redevelopment effect will affect a large area in which the patrimonial benefits deriving from the post project operation will undoubtedly be relevant. The amount of public finances in the operation and the complexity of the design choices that must be made require careful assessment not only of the quality of the proposal but also of its economic and financial sustainability. Considering the high costs of demolition of existing buildings and structures, it must guarantee adequate margins of profitability for the investor, otherwise the operation will be unsuccessful. The economic evaluation therefore assumes a strategic role in identifying the best design solution. This contribution deals with the case study of the urban redevelopment project of the area of the former Genoa Fair started by the Municipality of Genoa in 2016 through a design competition called “BluePrint”. In addition to the analysis of the urban aspects, a verification of the economic feasibility of the intervention has been developed, starting from the checks presented by the participants in the competition. The objective is to determine - for some significant variables (cost of the areas) - what are the conditions of sustainability for the operator who will carry out the intervention

scholarly journals STATIC AND DYNAMIC PRINCIPLES FOR ASSESSING ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF MODERNIZATION OF VESSELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Sergey Sergeevich Marchenko ◽  
Alexander Nikolaevich Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Positive Results

The article deals with the problem of the economic feasibility of continuing the operation of obsolete vessels, their modernization and acquisition of new modern vessels. There have been analyzed the economic issues of modernization of obsolete vessels, content of work on the modernization of vessels, as well as fundamental differences between the modernization of existing vessels and their replacement with new ones. Static principles of determining the economic efficiency of the vessels modernization are formed, which allows a preliminary assessment of the economic feasibility of work on the modernization of vessels. Methodological guidelines for determining the economically viable payback period of a modernized vessel have been developed. It is recommended to evaluate the economic feasibility of modernizing an outdated vessel compared to replacing it with a new competitive vessel by comparing operating costs for an existing vessel after upgrading it with operating costs for a new vessel, as well as comparing capital investments in upgrading and purchasing a new vessel. Inequality is constructed, expressing the economic feasibility of the early replacement of obsolete vessels with new modern ones compared to the modernization. The dynamic principles of the economic evaluation of the modernization of vessels are formed, taking into account the change in the value of money over time during the investment stages of the project on the modernization of the vessel and the subsequent periods of operation of the upgraded vessel. Calculations were made of the economic efficiency of the modernization of the Volzhsky vessel of the project 05074, the purpose of which was to upgrade the power plant and reduce operating costs. The positive results of the modernization of vessels of the river fleet are considered. The negative aspects of the modernization of vessels that should be taken into account when choosing the direction of updating the fleet of the Russian shipping companies are identified.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the ratio of biofuel and kerosin in the mixture for its application as aviation fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoylenko ◽  
K. I. Gryadunov ◽  
A. N. Timoshenko ◽  
S. Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fuel Prices

Today, technologies for the production of alternative fuels and for the development of engines on different operating principles are actively developing, due to both the tightening of the environmental requirements of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) for harmful emissions into the atmosphere and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and the interests of the oil importing countries. Strict requirements are imposed on the quality of aviation fuels related to ensuring the reliability of aviation technology and flight safety. Requirement toughening for quality indicators will inevitably lead to higher fuel prices, so today we can observe some concessions in domestic and foreign regulatory documents to certain quality indicators of aviation fuels, for example, to indicators of low-temperature properties. It follows that the use of petroleum fuels will sooner or later become inappropriate. Technologies to produce synthetic and biological fuels from various types of raw materials make it possible to obtain fuel with close quality indicators to traditional kerosene, but it has not yet been completely replaced. Therefore, today we are considering the use of alternative fuels in a mixture with petroleum kerosene in various proportions. The question remains open: in what proportion is it possible to use mixtures of alternative fuel with kerosene on the aircraft without any negative consequences for their operation. Based on the known dependencies, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating some operational indicators of fuel, engine and aircraft depending on the proportion of mixing alternative fuel and kerosene. In accordance with the calculations, the most rational ratio of petroleum kerosene and SPK fuel is substantiated both from the point of view of the necessary operational properties and from the point of view of economic feasibility.

scholarly journals Environmental Footprints of High-Speed Railway Construction in China: A Case Study of the Beijing–Tianjin Line

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyi Lin ◽  
Shihui Cheng ◽  
Huimei Li ◽  
Dewei Yang ◽  
Tao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Rolling Industry ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing

The environmental footprints of China’s high-speed railway (HSR) have attracted much attention nationally and internationally. Although there is some research focusing on CO2 emissions, a comprehensive environmental impacts assessment of HSR construction is still lacking. In this study, the emissions of the Beijing–Tianjin intercity HSR line was calculated using a hybrid input–output life cycle assessment method to quantify the environmental impacts of HSR throughout its construction. The environmental footprints during the construction stage were analyzed in terms of different subsystems and sectors. The results showed that bridges contribute the largest environmental footprints at approximately 60%, followed by rail and electric multiple unit (EMU) systems. The top three sectors that contribute to pollutant emissions are the metal smelting and rolling industry, transport equipment manufacturing, and non-metallic mineral production. CO2 and NOx are the major pollutants directly emitted by site equipment operation. More chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and petroleum are emitted in EMU production than in rail construction, while NH3-N is emitted more in rails instead. Cd, Pb, As, and Hg are the significant pollutants in the metal smelting and rolling industry, whereas Cr, Cu, and Zn are the main heavy metal emissions in the transport equipment manufacturing sector. Heavy metals are the main types of environmental footprints in bridges, stations, and electric systems. Water pollutants are the main environmental impacts for rail and EMU systems, and the emissions of air pollutants are significant in subgrades. The production efficiency of upstream materials, desulfurization and denitration in fossil combustion, and the length of the bridge construction should be considered for an HSR under construction, in order to become environmentally friendly and sustainable.

scholarly journals Calculation of livestock products cost in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
K. Zh. Sholpanbaeva ◽  
◽  
N. K. Shaikhanova ◽  
A. A. Apysheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Livestock Products

The goal is to develop recommendations on the optimal system for the formation of cost of production, since calculation methods currently existing at the enterprises of meat and dairy industry do not allow for a sufficiently accurate determination of the actual cost of individual types of products of a large assortment, which makes it difficult to assess its economic feasibility. In this regard, the tasks are set improving production cost management system and development in practice of new non-traditional mechanisms for obtaining information about the costs and results of production activities. Results – it is shown that one of the backbone sectors of economy is agriculture. Regardless of soil and climatic conditions, even developed industrial countries are investing heavily in the development of domestic agricultural sector. It is noted that the important aspect of the activity of agricultural entity is income generation and business activities. In this context, the application of new approaches to the methods of accounting, analysis and cost control will make it possible to manage production cost and solve the problems of effective functioning of meat and dairy production enterprises. The article discusses methods of calculation in meat and fat industry, issues of anchor cooperation with the involvement of investors. Conclusions – in production of meat and dairy products, a reasonable calculation of products costs plays a special role, which is important when checking the costs associated directly with its sale and provides an opportunity to expand access for all segments of the population.

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