Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Background Understanding the habitat characteristics of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans is the first step in conserving and managing the forests it requires for nesting, gliding, and feeding. Therefore, in the present study, we characterized the habitats of P. volans using GIS analysis of 411 forest sites in South Korea where fecal droppings were found. Results Fecal signs of P. volans were found in various regions in South Korea, including the Baekdudaegan Mountains. GIS analysis with six environmental layers (vegetation type, wood-age class, diameter at breast height [DBH], crown density, elevation, and distance from stream) revealed that fecal signs of P. volans were more frequently found in broad-leaved deciduous forests (42%) located 200–399 m above sea level (43.1%) and 0–199 m from the nearest stream (53%), with 5th class wood-age (35.3%), middle size class DBH (51.1%), and high crown density (71%). Conclusions The present study provides information on the biotic and abiotic characteristics of P. volans habitats. In South Korea, the fecal droppings of P. volans were found predominantly old deciduous broadleaf forests. Further studies are needed to reveal whether the more frequent occurrence of P. volans dropping in broadleaf forests may be due to a particular preference of this species for the forests or to a simple reflection of the area of the broadleaf forests occupying a much larger area than other forest types in Korea.

Hygienic Perspectives of Wood in Healthcare Buildings

Wood materials are being adopted as nature-based architectural themes inside the healthcare buildings. Concern is raised that the organic and porous character of wood might support microbial survival. Therefore, this review discusses the hygienic properties of wood including the antimicrobial potential and its cleanability in comparison to smooth surface materials. In general, wood has antimicrobial properties owing to its chemical composition and physical structure. However, the hygienic potential of wood is influenced by the type of wood, age of wood, the cleaning method, surface treatment, and its moisture content. This information is intended to guide decision-makers regarding the use of wood in hygienically sensitive places and researchers to help them identify the variables for better utilizing the hygienic potential of this material.

Variations in Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir), a Lesser-Used Species in West Africa

This study investigates the properties of Lonchocarpus sericeus to determine its potential use for timber. Three matured trees of L. sericeus were selected from a forest located in Longe Village, Oluyole Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria. Discs from the harvested trees were collected at the base (10%), middle (50%), and top (90%) and further partitioned into inner wood, center wood, and outer wood. An investigation was carried out to characterize the wood age, density, shrinkage, impact strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, compressive, and shear strength. The ages were 28, 29 and 32 years. The mean wood density at 12 percent moisture content was 836.63 kg/m3, which shows that it belongs to the high-density wood category. The mean shrinkage values in the radial, tangential, and longitudinal directions were 2.50, 3.99, and 0.78 percent respectively; the volumetric shrinkage was 6.36 percent. These shrinkage values were indicative of good dimensional stability. The mean impact bending strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, maximum shear strength parallel to grain, and maximum compression strength parallel to the grain were 24.14, 114.18, 11,276, 12.76, and 47.16 N/mm2, respectively. End-use assessments suggest that the wood species can be used in similar applications as well-known timbers. The study found L. sericeus to be very dense with high strength in comparison to well-known timbers. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the species decrease from the base to the top and also increase from the outer wood to the core wood.

AHP Method for Selecting Wood As Furniture Raw Material

Wood is an important element determining the quality of a product on furniture. The lack of knowledge of the furniture industry in this industry causes problems to choose a decision in determining the wood material to produce quality and quality furniture products. Development of a decision support system using the Analytichal Hierarchy Process method uses wood quality feasibility parameters consisting of five criteria, namely Physical Physical Properties, Mechanical Mechanical Properties of Wood, Wood Grade, Wood Age and Wood Substance from several samples. The results of this study were to produce a decision from the data to determine a decision, a decision support system for the purchase of wood materials for a furniture industry company using the Analytichal Hierarchy Process method. After testing, it can be concluded that the decision obtained is appropriate for use by staff and superiors and is ready to be implemented.

PENERAPAN SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGTHING PEMILIHAN KAYU UNTUK PEMBUATAN GITAR

Wood is the main material for making guitars, if the wood selected is not suitable, then the guitars produced may not be perfect wood selection is not yet optimal if it only relies on one criterion, there must be a systematic and accurate calculation when selecting wood in order that the guitar produced can be perfect, when the guitar was sold, there would be no more complaints about it, such as inferior sound, fragile body, etc. One of the means to assist calculation is the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method,which can calculation the value of wood, criteria of wood, and value of each sub-criteria of wood, so that the wood chosen after the calculation would be suitable for marketing. After going through the stages of wood data testing from’fajar musik’, and the calculation also used predetermined criteria, namely sound quality, wood age, wood physique, and wood texture/pattern. Keywords - guitar, wood, selection decision support, simple additive weighting

Bayesian Modeling of Wood-Age Offsets in Cremated Bone

ABSTRACTExperimental studies have shown that significant carbon exchange occurs between bone-apatite and the pyre atmosphere during cremation, which can cause a calendar date offset between the radiocarbon (14C) event and the date of cremation. There are limited empirical data available to assess the magnitude of such wood-age offsets, but the aim of this paper is to test if they can be modeled statistically. We present new 14C dates on modern bone cremated in realistic open-air experiments and on archaeological samples of cremated bone and associated organic material. Experimental results demonstrate a wide range of carbon exchange with a mean of 58.6 ± 14.8%. Archaeological results indicate that the wood-age offsets have an approximately exponential distribution. We test whether the default Charcoal Outlier_Model in OxCal v4.3, developed to reduce the impact of wood-age offsets in dates of charcoal, is appropriate for cremated bone, but find that it slightly underestimates apparent offsets. To counter the intrinsic age of both pyre fuel and unburned bio-apatite, we instead propose a bespoke Cremation Outlier_Model, which combines an exponential distribution of calendar age offsets with a minimum offset, and provides better estimates of the actual dates of cremations.

A Quick Walkthrough untuk Pengenalan Teknologi IC

Technology brought by human race has been evolving from known stone age, axe age, wood age and until we now reach the point where semiconductor or integrated circuit (IC) technology support human life. Its implicitly important to us to know, how current technology developed and what possible next technology look like. In this paper, we emphasize the quick walkthrough how our scientist and practical engineer made IC. Furthermore, a cheat sheet provided for a very basic equation we use when we made IC. Experiment on this research performed by using open source software which allow others to redo the same experiment. The outcome of this paper is well-structured introduction about IC technology and global discussion regarding next generation technology.

Assimilation and transport of organic bound tritium in an irrigated pine forest

After 2 decades of irrigation with groundwater from a holding pond: OBT and 14C are retained in the recent wood growth whereas HTO levels remained constant with wood age.