Stability- and Crosstalk-Based Performance of Multi- and Double-walled Mixed CNT Bundles as Interconnect for Next-Generation Technology Nodes

The temperature-dependent modeling technique (in the temperature range of 200–500[Formula: see text]K) for a mixed class of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundle interconnects is proposed. The equivalent single conductor (ESC) transmission line models of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) are combined to develop multiple single conductor (MSC) model of mixed CNT interconnects. Various possible arrangements of densely packed MWCNT and DWCNT bundles (MDCB) are considered to form different types of mixed CNT bundle structures (MDCB-1, MDCB-2, MDCB-3 and MDCB-4). The integrated circuit emphasis simulation is performed and the performances of these mixed CNT bundle interconnects are investigated in terms of propagation delay (with and without crosstalk), power dissipation, power-delay product (PDP). Switching times, overshoot voltages and Nyquist plots are analyzed to check the stability of these mixed CNT structures for global interconnect length for 32-nm, 22-nm and 16-nm technology nodes. It is observed that the MDCB-1 structure yields the most promising result in all aspects for interconnect applications in the near future.

Analysis of Dissipation Power from Multi-State Switchable Damper

A considerable amount of vibration energy in automotive is worth of being harvested through power dissipation using regenerative suspension systems. In this study, the vehicle dynamics and energy dissipated from a Multi-State Switchable Damper (MSSD) based suspension for various vibration dynamic modes are assessed. Quantification of the energy dissipated in a MSSD is achieved through an experimental test at laboratory environment. The test results showed a linear relationship between the dissipated power and the damping modes.

Design of Low Power Adder Cell by XOR & XNOR Gate

In under this research article, neoteric circuits for Exclusive OR gate and Exclusive NOR gate are designed. The designed logic is highly refined in terms of power consummation and speed, which are due to minimum CL at the output and low leakage power. We followed six novel hybrids, one bit one full-adder design based on the new Exclusive OR gate and Exclusive NOR (XOR-XNOR) gates. Many Relevant designed logics carries its advantages within aspect relevant to delay power, dissipation power, speed, as well as all that. Within validate the presentation of the introduced design, major SPICE as well as Tanner EDA simulations function as executed. This simulation outcomes, arrange at a 65-nanometer based on hybrid technique process, reveal for the introduced architecture have the best speed and power in contempt of different Full Adder architectures. The proposed design has a minimum power of 0.8 nw & delay of 9.4 ns, which is very optimized & efficient than the reference design. The previous design has 4.08-microwatt power. We customized the design with 22T and change the design methodology to make the results optimized.

Proposed 3.5 µW CNTFET-MOSFET hybrid CSVCO for power-efficient gigahertz applications

Purpose Several ultra-low power and gigahertz current-starved voltage-controlled oscillator (CSVCO) circuits have been proposed and compared here. The presented structures are based on the three-stage hybrid circuit of the carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) and low-power MOSFETs. The topologies exploit modified and compensated Schmitt trigger comparator parts to demonstrate better consumption power and frequency characteristics. The basic idea in the presented topologies is to compensate the Schmitt trigger comparator part of the basic CSVCO for achieving faster carrier mobility of the holes, reducing transistor leakage current and eliminating dummy transistors. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to propose and compare three different comparator-based VCOs that have been implemented using the CNTFETs. The considered circuits are shown to be capable of delivering the maximum 35 tuning frequency in the order of 1 GHz to 5 GHz. A major power thirsty part of the high-frequency ring VCOs is the Schmitt trigger stage. Here, several fast and low-power Schmitt trigger topologies are exploited to mitigate the dissipation power and enhance the oscillation frequency. Findings As a result of proposed modifications, more than one order of magnitude mitigation in the VCO power consumption with respect to the previously presented three-stage CSVCO is reported here. Thus, a VCO dissipation power of 3.5 µW at the frequency of 1.1 GHz and the tuning range of 26 per cent is observed for the well-established 32 nm technology and the supply voltage of 1 V. Such a low dissipation power is obtained around the operating frequency of the battery-powered cellular phones. In addition, using the p-carrier mobility compensation and enhancing the rise time of the Schmitt trigger part of the CSVCO, a maximum of 2.38 times higher oscillation frequency and 72 per cent wider tuning range with respect to Rahane and Kureshi (2017) are observed. Simultaneously, this topology exhibits an average of 20 per cent reduction in the power consumption. Originality/value Several new VCO topologies are presented here, and it is shown that they can significantly enhance the power dissipation of the GHz CSVCOs.

Mathematical Simulations and On-Road Experimentations of the Vibration Energy Harvesting from Mining Dump Truck Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension

Running on an unpaved road, the truck’s vibration is weakened by the HPS (hydro-pneumatic suspension) and transformed into thermal energy which was finally dissipated in the air. This paper is aimed to discuss the energy harvesting potential from the truck HPS on random road excitation. In this manner, a quarter-truck model was built and the kinetic energy method that can be used to calculate the power of the dissipated energy was proposed. The dissipated instantaneous power (The peak value is 180 kW) and average power (12 kW) were analyzed which showed 15-fold of difference. The different road class analysis results showed that the E-class road excited 4-fold of power than that of D-class road. The influence of damping and stiffness on the dissipation power was analyzed. The results showed that the power excited by the D-class road is less sensitive than the E-class road. Furthermore, it is interesting that the results also show that the value of average dissipated power when running on E-class road is very close to the speed value, respectively. The real road test of the truck was carried out in an open pit mine and verified the simulation results. The final results demonstrated that the vibrational energy that harvested from the HPS could reduce oil consumption by about 4% in theory.