scholarly journals Construction Materials and Dam Foundation While Memve’ele Dam Building in the Craton’s Region of South Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvestre M. Ntomba ◽  
Christelle R. Magnekou Takamte ◽  
Dieudonné Bisso ◽  
Joseph Mvondo Ondoa
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Soil Deposits ◽  
Dam Site ◽  
Dam Building ◽  
Thickness Layer

This chapter mainly focuses on engineering geology for dam construction from the Memve’ele region in Cameroon. Here, it deals with geotechnical and geological proprieties of both construction and dam foundation materials. This study is done at the aim to ensure that these materials need to be improved and how they have been used during dam construction. Field investigations, borehole information, density and seismic velocity measurements have been used, and results indicate that soil deposits have slightly clay content, mechanically well for dam construction and display a weak thickness layer particularly on the dam site. These conditions suggest that soil materials can be used as construction (cushion, transition layers, etc.) and foundation materials after few amendments. Ntem Formations appear weathered and fractured sometimes, though their mechanical behaviors display a good character for civil applications. However, engineering processes have been used to improve it by GIN (Grouting Intensity Number) methods. These formations have been used as construction (rip rap crushing aggregate, etc.) and dam foundation materials. Thus, this chapter contributes to highlight materials and dam foundation conditions which are crucial criteria encountered in the dam with emphasis on both theoretical study and practical application during dam construction.

scholarly journals Application of erosion-control materials and spontaneous vegetation in the protection of reservoirs in southern and eastern Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vjaceslava Matic ◽  
Gordana Djukanovic
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Accredited Laboratories ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Stone Concrete

The quality and stability of erosion-control materials in protection of reservoirs in Southern and Eastern Serbia have been examined both in the field and in accredited laboratories in our country. Field investigations have been carried out over a period of 15 years in Eastern Serbia and for up to 30 years in Southern Serbia, and they are still being conducted by monitoring the state and possible damage of consolidation-retention check dams, walls, and other erosion-control structures. The materials used in protection of the Selova and Grliste Reservoirs are typical construction materials, such as resistant natural stone, concrete of the BI group, i.e., MB 20, aggregate, synthetic elements, etc. Long-term monitoring of their state and minor deformations has shown that the materials were well-chosen and stable, and that there has been no significant damage, except for some minor crumbling and smaller cracks due to negligible scouring. This is all the result of prior thorough empirical and laboratory testing of applied materials, which helped to achieve stability and functionality of structures erected to prevent silting-up of the reservoir. Such a state has contributed to stabilization of erosion processes and reduction of sediment quantities, improvement of water quality, and advancement of the autochthonous vegetation (Salix L., Cornus L., Quercus L.). Vegetation has further mitigated erosion, decreased floods, and consolidated the structures, thereby improving the ecological quality of the catchments as well as the entire study area.

The role of materials science after the Mexico City earthquakes in 1985

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Castaño ◽  
L. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Collapsed Buildings

We review our field investigations of construction materials which were initiated after the 1985 Mexico City earthquakes. We report observations on reinforcing steel samples collected in the ruins of collapsed buildings and describe the experiences in the production and testing of HSLA steel reinforcing bars with mechanical and metallurgical properties suitable for earthquake resistant construction. We review some aspects of the cement and concrete industries of Mexico before 1985 and present a description of the properties of polymer modified cements considering the potential not only for construction but for many other applications.

scholarly journals Analysis the dynamic response of earth dam in free vibration and forced by introducing the effect of the interaction dam foundation

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02066
Author(s):  
Boumaiza Malika ◽  
Mohamadi Sadika ◽  
Ait Ahmed Fatiha
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Forced Vibration ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Boumerdes Earthquake

The present study concerns the analysis of the dynamic response of earth dam, in free and forced vibration (under the effect of earthquake) using the finite element method. The analysis is carried out at the end of dam construction without filling. The behavior of the dam materials and the foundation is linear elastic. In free vibration, to better understand the effect of the dam foundation interaction, we will take into account different site conditions and see their influence on the free vibration characteristics of the dam. In forced vibration, to study the seismic response of the dam, the system is subjected to the acceleration of the Boumerdes earthquake of May 21, 2003 recorded at the station n ° 2 of the dam of Kaddara in the base, with a parametric study taking into account the influence of the main parameters such as the mechanical properties of the soil: rigidity, density.

The Engineering Geological Defect Treatment of Yueliangwan Reservoir Dam Site

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
Shan Lin ◽  
Sheng Guo Cheng ◽  
Xiao Hu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Inhomogeneous Deformation ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Fault Fracture Zone ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Dam Site

Yueliangwan Reservoir dam foundation there is fault fracture zone,silty sand layer geological and so on defects,dam foundation of inhomogeneous deformation and seepage problems is the key of the dam foundation treatment.Basis on conducting detailed geological surveying,to take remove foundation,consolidation grouting and replacement process measures to for engineering geological problems of the dam,effectively solve the inhomogeneous deformation and dam foundation seepage problems.

scholarly journals The influence of clay-sized particles on seismic velocity for Canadian Arctic permafrost

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. King
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Compressional Wave ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Compressional Wave Velocity ◽  
Confining Stress ◽  
Ice Content

Seismic-wave velocities have been measured on 37 unconsolidated permafrost samples as a function of temperature in the range -16 to +5 °C. The samples, taken from a number of locations in the Canadian Arctic islands, the Beaufort Sea, and the Mackenzie River valley, were tighty sealed immediately upon recovery in several layers of polyethylene film and maintained in their frozen state during storage, specimen preparation, and until they were tested under controlled environmental conditions. During testing, the specimens were subjected to a constant hydrostatic confining stress of 0.35 MPa (50 psi) under drained conditions. At no stage was a deviatoric stress applied to the permafrost specimens. The fraction of clay-sized particles in the test specimens varied from almost zero to approximately 65%. At temperatures below -2 °C the compressional-wave velocity was observed to be a strong function of the fraction of clay-sized particles, but only a weak function of porosity. At temperatures above 0 °C the compressional-wave velocity was observed to be a function only of porosity, with virtually no dependence upon the fraction of clay-sized particles. Calculation of the fractional ice content of the permafrost pore space from the Kuster and Toksöz theory showed that for a given fraction of clay-sized particles the ice content increases with an increase in porosity. It is concluded that the compressional-wave velocity for unconsolidated permafrost from the Canadian Arctic is a function of the water-filled porosity, irrespective of the original porosity, clay content, or temperature.

scholarly journals VECTOR-SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GIS APPLICATION LAYERS FOR PLACING STRATEGIC POINTS IN DAM DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
S. Rodríguez Vázquez ◽  
N. V. Makrova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Thematic Information ◽  
Point Line

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) is widespread in water resources management. One of the development stages in this area was the use of GIS information not only for matching and executing queries, but also for analyzing trends and making decisions using applications that provide spatial analysis. GIS provides the ability to process spatial information and represent it using a similar reality model that represents spatial features from a point, line, and polygon, and thematic information. Spatial analysis in GIS includes a set of procedures used to study the structure and territorial relations based on knowledge of the position and characteristics of geographical features of the corresponding variables. Subject: delineation of areas for potential location of dams with the use of geospatial algorithms for distance. The research is based on the hypothesis that from geospatial analysis of the distances between peaks extracted from the .shp layers of rivers and areas of great importance for protection, it is possible to delineate potential areas for dam construction. Materials and methods: literature sources and results of preliminary experimental studies are analyzed, experimental planning is carried out. Results: This study examines the use of algorithms for processing distances between points used in the field of service geography, in connection with the use of localization and distribution models. To do this, algorithms are compared using criteria such as processing time, the ability to create new layers, and creating tables of distances between objects belonging to different layers. Conclusions: This evaluation is performed in order to select the most appropriate algorithm for selecting suitable points that can be evaluated in future analysis of localization and dam construction.

On: “Effects of porosity and clay content on wave velocities in sandstones” by D. Han, A. Nur, and D. Morgan (GEOPHYSICS, 51, 2093–2107, November 1986”.

Geophysics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1439-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nobes ◽  
George Schneider ◽  
Stephen Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Related Question ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Physical Principles

At the outset, we must declare our philosophical bias: we believe that, if at all possible, equations relating one physical property to another should be based on some physical model. If there are two equations that can be said to relate one property to another equally well, within statistical bounds, then the equation that is based on physical principles is preferable. We acknowledge that the relationships among in this case, porosity, clay content, and seismic velocity are not always clear or easily tested, and we appreciate the efforts of Han et al. However, we have a comment and a related question regarding the statistical significance of their results.

Calculation and Control of Seepage of Hardfill Dam with Different Foundation

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3666-3670
Author(s):  
Yun Feng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Seepage Discharge ◽  
Seepage Field ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dam Foundations ◽  
Geologic Condition

As a new dam type, Hardfill dam has been arisen recently. The suitable geologic condition of t Hardfill dam construction was analyzed based on considering its characteristics in this paper; it was also studied how to choose the reasonable impervious and drainage system to control the dam body and foundation’s seepage on a given geologic condition to make sure the safety of the project. On the basis of analyzing the foundation geologic conditions of many common dam types, two kinds of typical Hardfill dam foundation were put forward. The seepage field law of dam foundation was analyzed by dam foundation seepage discharge, uplift pressure and seepage gradient of some typical positions after setting reasonable impervious and drainage measures on the two kinds of dam foundations. It is indicated by the calculation results that the adaptability of Hardfill dam foundation is comparatively nice, and the safety of dam foundation can be ensured if appropriate impervious and drainage measures are adopted.

The accuracy of estimating Q from seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1508-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. White
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Seismic Interpretation ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Seismic Parameters ◽  
Reservoir Rocks

A major aim of seismic interpretation is the inference of petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks. Because the inversion from seismic to petrophysical characteristics is far from unique, this task requires a range of seismic parameters, prominent among which are seismic velocity, impedance, and Poisson’s ratio. The inclusion of seismic absorption in this list could add desirable complementary information. For example, absorption may be more sensitive to clay content than seismic velocity (Klimento and McCann, 1990). However seismic absorption is difficult to measure, particularly over depth intervals as short as most reservoir intervals.

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