Keragaman Genetik Klon Lokal Kopi Robusta Asal Temanggung Berdasarkan Marka SSR

<em>Temanggung is one of the centers of Robusta coffee production in Central Java, with a variety of potential local coffee clones. The exploration found that several numbers of local Robusta coffee clones had the potential to have high productivity and were resistant to pests/diseases. However, their level of genetic similarity to the superior clones that have been released has not been clearly identified. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability of Temanggung local Robusta coffee clones based on SSR markers. The study was conducted at the Molecular Laboratory of the Integrated Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute from February to December 2018. A total of 29 local coffee clones derived from Temanggung along with two control coffee clones (BP 42 and BP 358) were used. All the 14 SSR markers used in the present study were polymorphic and could cluster those local coffee clones into 5 major groups at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.57. Four local coffee clones (Putih Daun Lebar, Lokal, Tugusari Hijau and Tugusari Kuning) were in the same group with control clones in group I. One local clone (Tugusari Hijau) had a genetic similarity with the control clone BP 358 at 0.91. Meanwhile, the other 25 local clones were in different groups from the control clones. These local clones, which showed genetic distance far from the control clones, can be selected as candidates for local superior clones in coffee breeding program.</em>

Effect of Planting Time on Growth and Corm Yield of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of time of planting on the performance of Chinese water chestnut in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam over a single investigation. Plants of a local clone were planted in early January, March, May, July, September, or November and grown for four months. During the experiments, the photoperiod ranged from 11.2 to 12.6 h. The average daily mean temperature across the different cropping periods ranged from 27.70C to 29.10C. Information was collected on chlorophyll fluorescence, plant growth, and yield. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was greater than 0.7 in all the treatments (non-stressed), except for the first time of planting and at the end of growing. Corm yield was higher with a planting in May (525 g/plant), November (440 g/plant), and March (325 g/plant), intermediate with a planting in July (196 g/plant), and lower with a planting in January (116 g/plant) and September (55 g/plant). There were strong correlations between yield and the number of stems/plant (r = 0.84), and between yield and stem weight (r = 0.84). These results indicate that acceptable commercial yields can be achieved with water chestnut planted in May in this area.

PENGGUNAAN METODE SAMBUNG SAMPING PADA BEBERAPA KLON KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN TANAM

Side grafting technology, side grafting is a cocoa plant improvement technique that is done by inserting the stem of superior clones. This study aims to determine the effect of Janis entries on the side grafting growth of cocoa plants and the types of good entries in the growth of side grafting cacao plant.The plan used in this study was a randomized block design (RBD) with treatments used were local clone actress (E1), superior clone actress ICCRI 03 (E2), superior clone actress ICCRI 04 (E3), Sulawesi superior clone 01 (E4) ), Superior actress of Sulawesi Clone 02 (E5). The observational variables in this study were the percentage of survival, total plant leaves, plant area. The results of the study aimed that the treatment of superior clone entries had an effect on the observed variables of survival rates, total number of leaves of plants, leaf area. The type of entris that gives the best effect on the side grafting growth of cacao plant seeds is the superior Sulawesi clone actress 02.

INCIDENCE DYNAMIC OF POD ROT DISEASE OF COCOA CLONES IN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

Incidence dynamic of pod rot disease of cocoa clones in Lampung, Indonesia. The declining of production and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia might due to pests and diseases attacks and planting unselected clones. Dynamic of pod rot incidence was important to plan pest controlling. To study dynamic incidence of some cocoa clones, a research was conducting in Pesawaran District, a centre of cocoa production in Lampung. A farmer cocoa plot under agro-forestry system was selected which had been upgrading in 2014 by pruning and side-grafting with national clones including Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 and selected local clone named T1, T2, and T3. The results showed that pod rot incidence occurred along the year of observation. For immature pod, pod rot incidence was dynamic and varied among months and clones. There was high pod rot incidence every months for particular clone. National clone Sul1 and local clone T3 exhibited more tolerant to pod rot disease than other clones. Clones Sul1 and T3 also produced more pod than others. High incidence of pod rot occurred on fruit stage of cherelle (incidence 38.7%) and small pod (incidence 18.8%) that well known as cherelle wilt symptom.

Five Years Performance of New Introduced Salt Tolerant Hybrid Poplar clones (Mofid and P. × albaeuphratica) In Iran (West Azar-Bayjan)

Summary In order to introduce new hybrids poplar clones (“Mofide” and P. × albaeuphratica) for commercial wood production in different part of country, ecological range of productivity have to be determined. Therefore, adaptability of two hybrid clones “Mofide”and its reciprocal crosses hybrid (P. × albaeuphratica), along with Populus alba L. as local clone (Kaboodeh) were tested in Rasol Abad Salty-soil Research station during 2004-2009. The experiment was conducted through randomized complete block design (RCBD). Twenty five individual cuttings of three clones (two hybrids and one local clone) planted in 100 square m as an experimental plot at spacing (2 × 2 m distance) and replicated three. Analyses of collected data have been done based on quantities and qualitative characters during five years. The results indicated that there were highly significant differences between clones at the 0.01 level. Populus euphratica Oliv. × P. alba L. hybrid (Mofid) showed highest diameter at breast height (11.30 cm), and total height (10 m) than the others two. Low level of breast diameter height (4.15 cm) and total height (5.5 m) were observed for Populus alba L. (Kaboodeh) clone as a local poplar clone.

Use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the Analysis of Amino Acid of Sulawesi and Local Clone Cocoa Bean Fermentation

<p>Fermentation is a very vital stage of processing mechanism to ensure the chocolate products have good taste. This study was conducted to obtain an optimal result of chocolate fermentation by determining the concentration and types of amino acid of Sulawesi and local clone cacao beans using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method. A <em>Randomized Completely Design </em>was used in this study. Two types of cocoa clones, Sulawesi clone and Local clone, were divided into 5 groups of treatment: without fermentation (control), fermentation for 3 days, 4 days, 5 days and 6 days. The analysis of amino acids was conducted using HPLC separation method based on the procedure at Marino et al. (2010), Nollet (1996). The measurement of amino acid performed in two phases, liquid hydrolysis, and derivatization proceeded by chromatographic analysis. Condition of HPLC was measured at 37 °C. Mobile phase contains of 60% acetonitril - AccqTag Eluent A, gradient system and the flow rate was 1.0 ml per minute. Fluorescence detector has 250 nm excitation and 395 nm emission. Injecting volume was 5 uL. The results of this study show that cocoa beans of Sulawesi clone with 6-days fermentation has higher products of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, hydrophobic amino acids (Alanine, leucine, proline, valine, isoleucine) and amino acids such as serine, glysine, histidine, treonine and lysine, while local clones of cocoa beans with 3-days fermentation produce more amino acids such as aspartic, glutamic, hydrophobic (isoleucine, leucine, valine) and amino acids such as histidine, threonine, glysine, serine and lysine.</p>

Biochemical and agro-biological diversity of Viburnum opulus genotypes

Interest in the biochemical composition of Viburnum opulus fruit has intensified due to the food industry’s demand for natural vitamins, pigments and other substances that enhance the value of different foods. The present study was conducted to determine the agro-biological and biochemical variability of V. opulus and to select the genotypes that could best serve as sources of health promoting substances. Twelve selected genotypes were evaluated. ‘Leningradskaya Otbornaya’, V. opulus var. americanum, ‘Zarnitsa’, and local clone P2 were determined to be the best genotypes for growth in commercial plantations. Fruits of the local clone P3 were characterised by large amounts of total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and reducing sugars. V. opulus var. sargentii and V. opulus var. americanum contained exceptionally large amounts of total phenolics, 1460.0 and 1400.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The amount of ascorbic acid varied from 12.4 to 41.4 mg/100 g, the amount of carotenoids varied from 1.4 to 2.8 mg/100 g, the amount of anthocyanins varied from 23.2 to 44.6 mg/100 g, and the amount of total phenolics varied from 753.0 to 1460.0 mg/100 g. The presence of these large amounts of biologically active compounds enables their use as potent antioxidants. The data describing agro-biological characteristics, biochemical components, and health promoting activities of V. opulus fruits will increase the understanding of this plant and facilitate its use in the food and pharmaceuticals industry.