scholarly journals INCIDENCE DYNAMIC OF POD ROT DISEASE OF COCOA CLONES IN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Rusdi Evizal ◽  
Sugiatno , ◽  
Ivayani , ◽  
Hidayat Pujisiswanto ◽  
Lestari Wibowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Wilt Symptom ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Local Clone ◽  
Agro Forestry ◽  
Fruit Stage

Incidence dynamic of pod rot disease of cocoa clones in Lampung, Indonesia. The declining of production and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia might due to pests and diseases attacks and planting unselected clones. Dynamic of pod rot incidence was important to plan pest controlling. To study dynamic incidence of some cocoa clones, a research was conducting in Pesawaran District, a centre of cocoa production in Lampung. A farmer cocoa plot under agro-forestry system was selected which had been upgrading in 2014 by pruning and side-grafting with national clones including Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 and selected local clone named T1, T2, and T3. The results showed that pod rot incidence occurred along the year of observation. For immature pod, pod rot incidence was dynamic and varied among months and clones. There was high pod rot incidence every months for particular clone. National clone Sul1 and local clone T3 exhibited more tolerant to pod rot disease than other clones. Clones Sul1 and T3 also produced more pod than others. High incidence of pod rot occurred on fruit stage of cherelle (incidence 38.7%) and small pod (incidence 18.8%) that well known as cherelle wilt symptom.

scholarly journals Peach Brown Rot: Still in Search of an Ideal Management Option

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Ikechukwu Obi ◽  
Juan José Barriuso ◽  
Yolanda Gogorcena
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The peach is one of the most important global tree crops within the economically important Rosaceae family. The crop is threatened by numerous pests and diseases, especially fungal pathogens, in the field, in transit, and in the store. More than 50% of the global post-harvest loss has been ascribed to brown rot disease, especially in peach late-ripening varieties. In recent years, the disease has been so manifest in the orchards that some stone fruits were abandoned before harvest. In Spain, particularly, the disease has been associated with well over 60% of fruit loss after harvest. The most common management options available for the control of this disease involve agronomical, chemical, biological, and physical approaches. However, the effects of biochemical fungicides (biological and conventional fungicides), on the environment, human health, and strain fungicide resistance, tend to revise these control strategies. This review aims to comprehensively compile the information currently available on the species of the fungus Monilinia, which causes brown rot in peach, and the available options to control the disease. The breeding for brown rot-resistant varieties remains an ideal management option for brown rot disease control, considering the uniqueness of its sustainability in the chain of crop production.

scholarly journals Strategi Pengembangan Lada (Studi Kasus Kelompok Tani Indatu di Desa Blang Panyang Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Auzan Syahmi ◽  
Irwan Irwan ◽  
Romano Romano
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstrak . Lada merupakan salah satu  tanaman rempah-rempah yang berasal dari tanaman perkebunan yang sangat terkenal dahulu di Aceh. Khususnya Petani lada di Aceh saat ini sudah mulai memperhatikan lada untuk dikembangkan dengan tujuan meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan. Dengan kata lain, Lada menjadi komoditi primadona yang banyak diminati di perdagangan dunia. Karena berbagai negara menggunakan lada ini sebagai bumbu dapur masakan. Disisi lain disebabkan berkembangnya usaha makanan, berkembangnya industri farmasi, kosmetika yang menggunakan lada sebagai salah satu bahan baku, meningkatnya konsumsi dunia, konsumsi dalam negeri semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya produk-produk industri makanan berbasis lada. Akibat permintaan lada yang tinggi menyebabkan terjadinya masalah bagi petani Aceh dalam keterbatasan produksi lada. Salah satunya lahan pertanian dikonversikan menjadi non pertanian seperti perumahan, gedung dan pertokoan. Sehingga lahan pertanian menjadi berkurang dan menjadi masalah bagi petani lada sendiri dalam mengembangkan lada. Penyebab masalah lain juga yang akibat hama dan penyakit terutama penyakit layu, penyakit keriting daun serta penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang diperhatikan pada pengembangan lada, serta mengetahui strategi pengembangan lada yang tepat. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus. Teknik Pengumpulan data digunakan dengan pendekatan wawancara. Hasil analisis  menunjukkan faktor internal yang  mempengaruhi usaha pengembangan lada adalah bibit, pestisida, sumber daya alam, pupuk, dan sumber daya manusia. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhinya adalah pemerintah, pasar, harga, pesaing, hama dan penyakit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT didapatkan nilai IFAS (Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary)  sebesar 1,756 dan EFAS (Eksternal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary)  sebesar 2,773 berada pada kuadran I , maka  strategi pengembangan yang cocok untuk strategi pengembangan lada adalah  strategi agresif  yang artinya usaha tersebut sangat dimungkinkan untuk terus berkembang, meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan meraih kemajuan secara maksimal, dimana strategi agresif ini merupakan kondisi yang sangat menguntungkan, peluang dan kekuatan begitu besar sehingga pelaku usaha bisa memanfaatkan peluang dan kekuatan yang ada secara maksimal.Strategy of pepper development (case study of indatu farmer group in blang panyang village sub-district estuary one, Lhokseumawe City) Abstract. Pepper is one of the most popular herbs from Aceh plantations. Especially pepper farmers in Aceh are now starting to pay attention to pepper to be developed with the aim of increasing income and welfare. In other words, Pepper became the most popular commodity in the world trade. Because various countries use this pepper as a spice cooking kitchen. On the other hand, due to the development of food business, the development of pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics using pepper as one of the raw materials, the increasing of world consumption, domestic consumption is increasing with the increase of pepper based food industry products. As a result of high pepper demand causes problems for Acehnese farmers in the limitations of pepper production. One of them agricultural land converted into non-agricultural such as housing, buildings and shops. So that agricultural land becomes reduced and become a problem for pepper farmers themselves in developing pepper. Other causes of problems are also caused by pests and diseases, especially wilt disease, leaf curling disease and stem rot disease. Research Objectives to determine the factors that are considered in the development of pepper, as well as to know the appropriate pepper development strategy. The research method used is case study method. Technique Data collection is used with interview approach. The results of the analysis show that the internal factors affecting pepper development are seeds, pesticide, natural resources, fertilizer and human resources. While on external factors that include government, markets,prices, competitors,pest and diseases. Based on the result of SWOT analysis, the value of IFAS (Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) of 1.756 and EFAS (External Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) of 2.773 are in quadrant I, then a suitable development strategy for pepper development strategy is aggressive strategy which means the business is very possible To continue to grow, to increase growth and to achieve maximum progress, where aggressive strategy is a very favorable condition, opportunities and strength so large that business actors can take advantage of opportunities and strengths that exist maximally.

scholarly journals Incidence of Pests and Diseases in Tree Nurseries and Plantations in Kimondi Forest, Nandi County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Joseph Atanga Ondieki ◽  
Peter Sirmah ◽  
Joseph Hitimana
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing demand for wood is putting pressure on forest resources that are equally under threat from insect pests and diseases. Reported average annual forest loss stands at 0.2% globally, 0.8% in Africa, and 1.6% in Kenya. To meet the increasing demand for forest products in Kenya, the government and private sector have established plantations of non-native tree species dominated by Eucalyptus species, Cupressus lusitanica, and Pinus patula. To ensure successful forest plantation establishment and management schemes, there is a need for sufficient knowledge and understanding of tree growth conditions and threats including pests and diseases. This study aimed at determining the incidence of plantation and tree nurseries in Kimondi Forest, Kenya. Tree plantations were mapped into 2.5 Ha rectangular portion transects parallel to the forest roads.  In randomly selected portions, observations were carried out for disease and pest signs and symptoms on various tree parts (leaves, stem, roots, fruits, and twigs). In the tree nurseries, 3 m × 1 m rectangular quadrants were placed on seedling beds and similar observations were made. Collected data indicated a high incidence of nursery seedling pests (5.3 % leaves and 5.1%  stems) on Eucalyptus species and least on P. patula (2.4% leaves and 3% stems). Higher incidence of plantation pests (35.0% leaves of Eucalyptus sps.) and least on P. patula stems (1.2%) were recorded. On the other hand, twelve (12.0%) of C. lusitanica and (1.8%) Eucalyptus species plantation twigs were infested by pests. A high incidence of nursery seedling disease (9.8%) was observed on C. lusitanica leaves and least on P. patula stems (3.6%). Higher incidence of plantation diseases (32 %) on leaves of  Eucalyptus sps. and least on C. lusitanica stem (1.4%) was recorded. In both tree nurseries and plantations, roots and fruits remained free from pests and disease. Major tree pests and diseases identified in Kimondi forests include (Human, wildlife, livestock, Cinara cupressi, Gonipterus scutellatus, Pinus pini, and Leptocybe invasa) and (damping-off, Fusarium wilt, Botryosphaeria canker, cypress canker, and Mycosphaerella spp.) respectively. These results suggest a need for regular monitoring and intervention measures to control pest and disease infestation in the Kimondi forest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield and pest and disease resistance of cocoa clones in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubiyo Rubiyo ◽  
Yovita anggita Dewi ◽  
CHANDRA INDRAWANTO ◽  
IMRAN IMRAN ◽  
AGUS SALIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Cocoa Production

Abstract. Rubiyo, Dewi YA, Imran, Salim A, Baharudin, Indrawanto C, Ratule MT. 2020. Evaluation of yield and pest and disease resistance of cocoa clones in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5698-5607. Cocoa is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia. It is an important source of foreign exchange and employment. Currently, Indonesian cocoa production and productivity, including in Southeast Sulawesi, are declining due to pests and diseases. In addition, there is a lack of high-quality and high-yielding clones. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of cocoa clones and resistance to cocoa pod borer (CPB) and cocoa pod rot (CPR) disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora. The study tested 12 cocoa clones, which included four high-yielding clones. The research location was in Lambandia Subdistrict, Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Clonal planting material was propagated by grafting in 2010. The study used a randomized block design and the treatments consisted of 20 plants of each cocoa clone with three replications. The clones were evaluated from 2018 to 2019. The observed variables included resistance to CPB and CPR. The results of the study based on the quality component showed that the clones MT, M04, and M01 had the highest average weight per one dry bean of 1.55 g, 1.64 g, and 1.24 g, respectively. Beans produced by clones MT, M01, and M04 had an average fat content of 53.36%, 52.72%, and 50.76%, respectively. Observations of the average number of pods with CPR showed that the lowest rate of attack (about 6%) was in BAL 209 and PT. Ladongi clones, with attack intensities of 20% and 18%, respectively; therefore, these clones were classified as resistant to CPR. Evaluation of the level of resistance to attack by CPB pests found two resistant clones, PT. Ladongi and Sulawesi 2, with light levels of attack on beans.

scholarly journals Aplikasi biokaolin untuk perlindungan buah kakao dari serangan PBK, Helopeltis spp. dan Phytophthora palmivora Application of biokaolin in protecting cocoa pod from cocoa pod borer, Helopeltis spp. and Phytophthora palmivora infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma KRESNAWATY ◽  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
Abdul WAHAB ◽  
T W DARMONO
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Great Expectation ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Plastic Sleeve ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Cacao Plantation ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
Weekly Application

AbstractMain constraints of cacao cultivation are infestations of cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen), Helopeltis spp., and cocoa pod rot disease (palmivora). So far there is no technology that could efficiently controlthese important pests. This research was aimed to develop environmentally friendly new technology to protect pod surfaces of cacao. The experiment was performed in heavily infested cacao plantation in Konawe, South-East Sulawesi.The use of kaolin particle film enriched with entomopathogenic microbe was contrasted againts the use of currently recommended plastic sleeve. Cacao pods were sprayed at one week and two week intervals. The observed parameters were the number of pods infested with cocoa pod borer, pod rot and Helopeltis spp. at 4th - 14th weeks after first spray. From the observation, weekly biokaolin application showed the highest amount pods free from cocoa pod borer (33.97 %), followed by biweekly application (27.96 %), and plastic sleeving (19 %). Ten weeks after first spray, cocoa pod borer incidence was significantly reduced especially in weekly application. The percentage of pods free from pod rot were 81.92 %, 62.96 %, and 72.20 % for weekly spray, biweekly spray, and plastic sleeving, respectively. Pods being kept for 12 weeks in plastic sleeve endured the highest intensity of pod rot incidence. Biweekly biokaolin treatment was better in handling Helopeltis spp. attack. Besides reducing infestation of the main pests and diseases, biokaolin application also reduced the incidence of cherelle wilt to almost 40%. Those results gave the great expectation that biokaolin usage would significantly increase cacao yield, resulting in the increase of cacao farmer income. AbstrakKendala utama dalam upaya budidaya kakao adalah adanya serangan hama penggerek buah kakao (PBK), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) dan hama kepik Helopeltis spp., serta serangan patogen penyebab busuk buah (Phythophtora palmivora). Sampai saat ini belum tersedia teknologi yang secara efisien mengendalikan ketiga-tiganya sekaligus. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan untuk melindungi permukaan buah kakao. Percobaan dilakukan pada perkebunan kakao dengan tingkat serangan yang berat di Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara. Dalam penelitian ini, penggunaan lapisan partikel kaolin yang diperkaya dengan mikroba entomopatogenik dibandingkan efektifitasnya dengan penyarungan menggunakan kantung plastik yang direkomendasikan selama ini. Buah kakao disemprot setiap interval satu minggu dan dua minggu sekali. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah buah terserang PBK, jumlah serangan busuk buah dan jumlah serangan Helopeltis spp. pada minggu keempat sampai dengan minggu ke-14 setelah penyemprotan pertama. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa persentase tertinggi (33,97 %) buah kakao yang terbebas dari serangan PBK diperoleh pada plot dengan penyemprotan biokaolin setiap minggu, diikuti dengan penyemprotan setiap dua minggu (27,96 %), dan penyelubungan dengan kantung plastik (19,00 %). Pada minggu ke- 10 setelah penyemprotan pertama terjadi penurunan intensitas serangan PBK secara signifikan khususnya pada perlakuan setiap minggu. Persentase buah kakao yang terbebas dari penyakit busuk buah 81,92 %, 62,96 %, dan 72,20 %, secara berturutan untuk perlakuan penyemprotan setiap satu minggu,setiap dua minggu, dan penyarungan plastik. Pada minggu ke-12 buah kakao yang diberi perlakuan penyarungan mengalami peningkatan serangan busuk buah paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan penyemprotan setiap dua minggu memberikan perlindungan terbaik dari serangan Helopeltis spp. Hasil ini memberikan harapan besar bahwa aplikasi biokaolin sangat berpotensi meningkatan hasil panen petani kakao sehingga akan meningkatkan pendapatan petani.

scholarly journals Keragaan Hama, Penyakit, dan Musuh Alami pada Budidaya Padi Organik

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/1335 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliani ◽  
Sudir Sudir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rot Disease

Organic rice cultivation intents to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides, but in fact not apart from the disruption of pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the pests, diseases, and natural enemies on organic rice cultivation. The research was conducted at Screen Field of ICRR at WS 2015/2016 and DS 2016, using Split Plot research design with three replications. The main plot was varieties of: 1). Inpari 25, 2). Inpari 33, and 3). Sintanur. The sub-plot was application of leaf extract of: 1). Mindi, 2). Soursop, 3). Mahogany, and 4). Control. Applications were performed on 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after planting (WAP). Observations of pests, diseases, and natural enemies on 5, 7, 9, and 11 WAP as many as 20 clumps/plots. The results showed that varieties and leaf extract applications significantly affected on severity of stem rot disease at 5 and 7 WAP in WS 2015/2016. In the rainy season found Yellowing on Inpari 25 and Inpari 33 varieties. However, Sintanur was more resistant to Yellowing with LCC value on two growing seasons was highest compared to the other varieties. Sintanur had the lowest Cercospora Leaf Spot disease severity compared to the other varieties. The severity of disease generally increased with the age of rice increase, while the pest population density and natural enemies were fluctuate. The density of the pest was quite high in the control plot, while the natural enemy density was high enough in the application plots of Mindi, Mahogany, and Soursop extracts.

scholarly journals WEEDS DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE EXISTENCE OF MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES IN THEOBROMA CACAO IN TABANAN DISTRICT, BALI PROVINCE INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widnyana ◽  
Ni Gst. Ag. Gde EkaMartiningsih ◽  
I Made Suryana ◽  
Cokorda Javandira ◽  
Ni Nyoman Yudiarini
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Observation Method

Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities which in the last decade has become a source of income for Balinese farmers. However, the current condition of farmers' income from cocoa cultivation has decreased due to several factors including weeds, pest and diseases. This study aims to determine the type and dominance of weeds on cocoa plantations, their impact on cocoa main pests and diseases. The research was carried out by the observation method, namely direct observation of the farmers' cocoa gardens. Weed samples were calculated using the quadratic method, observing the attack of pests was determined by diagonal methods before and after the maintenance of cocoa plants. The results of the study found that there were 10 species of weeds that disrupted cocoa plants in Tabanan regency namely, Cyperusrotundus L, Imperatacylindrica L, Arachniodesaristata (G. Forst) Tindale, Brachiariamutica, Colocasia esculenta L Schott, Crassocephalumcrepidioides, Axonopuscompressus (Swartz) Beauv , Mikania micrantha Kunt, Ageratum conyzoides L, Synedrellanodiflora L. The highest density was found in the S. nodiflora L. type which was 5.73 units / m2, followed by A. conyzoides L. 4.86 units / m2, and C. crepidioideswhich was 4.0 units / m2. The lowest density is found in I. cylindrica L which is 0.86 units / m2. The poorly maintained cocoa plantations, only 30.14% of the potential results that should have been obtained, 31.37% were damaged by Phytophthora palmivora, 21.16% damaged by Helopeltis sp. and 17.33% were damaged by Conophomorpacramerella. Technical improvement in cultivation canincrease potential the results by 62.86% of total cocoa production. Besides that, there was a decrease in the attack of P. palmivora to only 7.84%, Helopeltis sp. 5.70% and C. cramerella 12.5%.

scholarly journals Challenges to Cocoa Production in the Face of Climate Change and the Spread of Pests and Diseases

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Christian Cilas ◽  
Philippe Bastide
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Additional Constraint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Face

The evolution of cocoa farming was quickly confronted with the development of pests and diseases. These sanitary constraints have shaped the geographical distribution of production over the centuries. Current climate change adds an additional constraint to the plant health constraints, making the future of cocoa farming more uncertain. Climate change is not only affecting the areas where cocoa is grown for physiological reasons, particularly in relation to changes in water regimes, but also affects the distribution of pests and diseases affecting this crop. These different points are discussed in the light of the trajectories observed in the different cocoa-growing areas. The breeding programs of cocoa trees for sustainable resistance to plant health constraints and climate change are therefore particularly important challenges for cocoa farming, with the other management practices of plantations.

scholarly journals Application of Expert System for Diagnosing Diseases Cocoa Plants Using the Forward Chaining Algorithm Method

SinkrOn ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Omar Pahlevi ◽  
Muhamad Kusumo Atmojo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Rot Disease

Cacao plants originated from South America, then spread to North America, Africa and Asia. In Indonesia, cocoa has been known since 1560, but has become an important commodity since 1951. Cacao commodity plays an important role in the national economy and is a national mainstay commodity. This shows that cocoa is one of the results of plantation commodities that have a high economic value and play an important role as a source of foreign exchange through exports, as well as encouraging the regional economy, especially in rural areas. But behind the high value of cocoa production, there are problems faced, including the low quality of cocoa in Indonesia because cocoa plantations in Indonesia are threatened by pests and plant diseases. Lack of information that is known by the plantation and cocoa farmers about the types of diseases that attack cocoa plants, causing many cocoa plants that are not handled properly. If this is allowed to continue it will impact on the declining quality and production of cocoa plants. Current advances in information technology, especially cellular phones, can be used as a means to improve public services, one of the results of the development of cellular technology is the birth of cellular phones with the android operating system. In this research produced if the symptoms data entered could not find the type of cocoa plant disease because the input data did not match any disease data in the database, the system would display the word "Can not find the disease you are looking for because it is not related to fruit rot disease, stem cancer, vascular antraknosem, streak dieback, upas fungus and root fungus ". From the data of symptoms, diseases and relations above, the algorithm is depicted using a decision tree. Decision tree is a picture of tracking symptoms, determining the disease and concluding results in the form of a solution. In this application, using the Forward Chaining method so that tracking begins with the selection of symptoms experienced then the results of the diagnosis in the form of cocoa plant diseases.

scholarly journals Current and Emerging Pests and Diseases of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olawale Arogundade ◽  
Titilayo Ajose ◽  
Joshua Olumide Matthew ◽  
Itunu Adeyemi Osijo
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Tropics

The place of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Africa was considered insignificant for years due to its previously assumed limited uses. However, it has now gained recognition as one of the important market vegetables in the tropics because of the continued awareness of the numerous health benefits attached to its consumption. This has progressively affected its cultivation and thereby, increased outbreak of diseases and insect pests of the crop. High incidence of insect and disease infestations occur in Cucumis sativus L. due to extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall and high humid condition resulting there from, causing huge losses through reduction in yield, lowered quality of harvested produce and increased cost of production. More than 30 pests and diseases are known to contribute to the losses recorded on the crop in Africa, some of which will be discussed in this chapter.

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