In Silico Prediction and Analysis of Unusual Lantibiotic Resistance Operons in the Genus Corynebacterium

Post-translationally modified, (methyl-)lanthionine-containing peptides are produced by several Gram-positive bacteria. These so-called lantibiotics have potent activity against various bacterial pathogens including multidrug-resistant strains and are thus discussed as alternatives to antibiotics. Several naturally occurring mechanisms of resistance against lantibiotics have been described for bacteria, including cell envelope modifications, ABC-transporters, lipoproteins and peptidases. Corynebacterium species are widespread in nature and comprise important pathogens, commensals as well as environmentally and biotechnologically relevant species. Yet, little is known about lantibiotic biosynthesis and resistance in this genus. Here, we present a comprehensive in silico prediction of lantibiotic resistance traits in this important group of Gram-positive bacteria. Our analyses suggest that enzymes for cell envelope modification, peptidases as well as ABC-transporters involved in peptide resistance are widely distributed in the genus. Based on our predictions, we analyzed the susceptibility of six Corynebacterium species to nisin and found that those without dedicated resistance traits are more susceptible and unable to adapt to higher concentrations. In addition, we were able to identify lantibiotic resistance operons encoding for peptidases, ABC-transporters and two-component systems with an unusual predicted structure that are conserved in the genus Corynebacterium. Heterologous expression shows that these operons indeed confer resistance to the lantibiotic nisin.

Micro-organismos Isolados de Mastite Bovina e em Leite Cru no Brasil

O presente artigo objetivou buscar, organizar e descrever informações sobre micro-organismos causadores de mastite e frequentemente encontrados no leite cru. Buscou-se artigos publicados de 2009 a 2019, nas bases de dados Scielo, Medline e Google acadêmico, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chaves: “mastite”, “bovinos”, “micro-organismos”, “leite cru” e “Brasil”. Após a busca, foram encontrados 46 artigos sobre mastite, dos quais 16 foram selecionados. Já sobre o leite cru, foram encontrados 82 artigos e 11 artigos foram selecionados para revisão. Os 16 artigos selecionados sobre mastite realizaram a detecção de 7 grupos, 1 famílias, 13 gêneros e 19 espécies distintas de micro-organismos caracterizados como agentes causadores de mastite bovina em diferentes regiões do Brasil. O gênero Streptococcus spp. e as espécies S. agalactiae, S. uberis foram descritos com maior frequência como agentes causadores de mastite, seguida pelo gênero Staphylococcus spp. e seus grupos (coagulase positiva e negativa), bem como a espécie S. aureus, gênero Enterococcus spp., além do gênero Corynebacterium spp. e Escherichia coli. Nos 11 artigos que abordavam sobre leite cru, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Staphylococcus spp. e S. aureus, além da espécie Escherichia coli foram detectados com elevada frequência. Na avaliação da mastite e do leite visualiza-se o predomínio do gênero Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp, bem como outras espécies, tais como Escherichia coli, o que reforça a necessidade de monitoramento constante da saúde das glândulas dos animais, do manejo, da ordenha e do acondicionamento do leite obtido, assegurando assim, um produto saudável ao consumidor final do leite e seus derivados. Palavras-chave: Inflamação dos Tetos de Bovinos. Mastite Bovina. Qualidade Microbiológica do Leite. Abstract This article aimed to search, organize and describe information about microorganisms that cause mastitis and are often found in raw milk. We searched for articles published from 2009 to 2019, in the Scielo, Medline and Google academic databases, using in this investigation in the databases the following keywords: “mastitis”, “bovines”, “microorganisms”, “milk raw ”and“ Brazil ”. After the search, 46 articles on mastitis were found, of which 16 were selected. As for raw milk, 82 articles were found and 11 articles were selected for review. The 16 selected articles on mastitis detected 7 groups, 1 families, 13 genera and 19 distinct species of microorganisms characterized as causative agents of bovine mastitis in different regions of Brazil. The genus Streptococcus spp. and the species S. agalactiae, S. uberis were more frequently described as agents that cause mastitis, followed by the genus Staphylococcus spp. and its groups (positive and negative coagulase), as well as the species S. aureus, genus Enterococcus spp., in addition to the genus Corynebacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. In the 11 articles that addressed raw milk, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus, in addition to the species Escherichia coli, were detected with high frequency. In the evaluation of mastitis and milk, the predominance of the genus Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp, as well as other species, such as Escherichia coli, can be seen, which reinforces the need for constant monitoring of the health of animal glands, management, milking and conditioning the milk obtained, thus ensuring a healthy product for the final consumer of milk and milk products. Keywords: Inflammation of Cattle Ceilings. Bovine Mastitis. Microbiological Quality of Milk.

PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI ANTAGONIS LUMPUR SIDOARJO UNTUK MENEKAN Sclerotium rolfsiiSACC. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT REBAH SEMAI PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI

ABSTRACT Soybean plants is a strategic commodity in Indonesia, because soybean is an important crop food after rice and maize. One of the important diseases that attack soybean plants is damping off caused by pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii. One effort to suppress attack from pathogenic fungi it S. rolfsii attack is by using biological agents. Trial of antagonistic bacteria with fungi S. rolfsii stepin vitro is test the artificial media (media NA). The result of the selection of the lumpur Sidoarjo bacterial isolates obtained 15 and 5 bacteria have antagonistic properties against pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii is isolates LUSI 93, LUSI 43, LUSI 16, LUSI 6, and LUSI 54. The identification and characterization of antagonistic bacteria lumpur Sidoarjo is LUSI 93 belongs to the genus Vibrio sp. And for LUSI 54, 16 LUSI, LUSI 43, and LUSI 6 has been identified by previous research in a row belongs to the genus Corynebacterium sp, Vibrio sp, Erwinia sp and Corynebacterium sp.

Corynebacterium pseudodiptheriticum – a dangerous respiratory pathogen. A case report

We believe that an insufficient role is attributed to bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. These strains are treated as contaminants in most cases. Meanwhile, Corynebacterium strains may be a clinically significant pathogenic agent, especially in cases where samples are collected from the lower respiratory tract in symptomatic patients. Corynebacterium strains can survive in the form of biofilms in hospitals and cause multi-resistant infections. We present a rare case of Corynebacterium pseudodiptheriticum infection. The patient was a 10-year-old girl who complained of recurrent rhinitis and sinusitis. Adenoidectomy and functional endoscopic sinus surgery were performed. The patient returned for a consultation after six months due to exacerbation of the disease symptoms lasting for 2 weeks (inflow of thick secretions difficult to expectorate). Corynebacterium pseudodiptheriticum and Staphylococcus epidermidis were cultured from swabs. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin, and her condition improved. The described case points to the need to identify strains of a given species and to pay attention to species commonly considered as commensals that may contribute to serious complications.

Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Nucleic Acid in Canine Sterile Granulomatous and Pyogranulomatous Dermatitis and Panniculitis

Next generation sequencing (NGS) studies are revealing a diverse microbiota on the skin of dogs. The skin microbiota of canine sterile granulomatous and pyogranulomatous dermatitis (SGPD) has yet to be investigated using NGS techniques. NGS targeting the 16S rRNA and ITS-1 region of bacterial and fungal DNA, respectively, were used to investigate if bacterial and fungal DNA were associated with skin lesions in cases of canine SGPD. The study included 20 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin samples and 12 fresh samples from SGPD-affected dogs, and 10 FFPE and 10 fresh samples from healthy dogs. DNA was extracted from deep dermis and panniculus, and microbial DNA was amplified using primers targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA V1-V3 and fungal ITS-1 regions. The amplified DNA was utilized for NGS on an Illumina MiSeq instrument. The sequences were processed using QIIME. No differences in fungal or bacterial alpha diversity were observed between the SGPD and control samples. Beta diversity analysis demonstrated differences in the bacterial communities between SGPD and control, but not in the fungal communities. Compared to controls, the family Erysipelotrichaceae and genus Staphylococcus were significantly more abundant in the SGPD FFPE samples, and genus Corynebacterium were more abundant in fresh samples. The bacteria found to be more abundant in SGPD are common inhabitants of skin surfaces, and likely secondary contaminants in SGPD cases. This study provides additional evidence that SGPD lesions are likely sterile.