Central Asian States: Difficulties on the Path of Rapprochement

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the new independent states of Central Asia had faced serious problems, such as the lack of experience in building state system, border demarcation, severe economic situation, threat of interethnic conflicts. However, that period was appropriate for integration initiatives in Central Asia. The economies of the post-Soviet republics in the region had been formed by the common Soviet system, the states depended from each other. In addition, the geopolitical situation in the region was favorable for rapprochement; Russia, China, the United States were not actively involved in regional processes. In the period from 1994 to 2005, the Central Asian republics initiated several integration projects, such as the Common economic space (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan), the Central Asian Economic Community (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), the Central Asian Cooperation Organization (all republics of Central Asia, except Turkmenistan). It should be noted that the integration process in the region implied all republics of Central Asia, except Turkmenistan, which had been ignoring any initiatives of neighbor countries. These structures did not achieve their goal, such as the creation of a free trade zone as well as customs, currency and payment unions. After a prolonged period of integration initiatives, there were no real close relationships between the countries. The states still prefer to build their relations in a bilateral format. The article considers the reasons that prevent the Central Asian states from effectively pursuing a multilateral format of cooperation in the region. The main reasons that determine the unpreparedness of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan for cooperation in a multilateral format are identified. Attention has been paid to such factors as the collision of interests of outside players, leadership issues between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, water distribution policy and cross-border cooperation. The steps that Central Asian countries need to take to establish effective multilateral cooperation in the region are analyzed.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION STRATEGY IN CREATIVE ECONOMY IN FACING ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES IN KELURAHAN NORTH MERUYA JAKARTA BARAT

The application of the Asian Economic Community will cause changes in business patterns in ASEAN countries, including Indonesia. The existence of public understanding related to small business strategies, especially Production Strategies to improve business competitiveness is very much needed. Community service activities carried out in the North Meruya District of West Jakarta were attended by 20 participants, the activity took place with an explanation relating to the Socialization & Training of Implementation of Production Strategies in the Creative Economy to the community. Material is related to resources, product quality, product prices, production processes and the use of appropriate technology

NEEDS ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH LEARNING FOR STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC DAN BUSINESS UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

To face the Asian Economic Community, active mastery of English is very important so that people can compete with good workers from their own area or workers from other Asian countries. This study aims to find out (1) whether the problems faced by the students of the Faculty of Economics, Udayana University in learning English and (2) whether the English language needs needed by economic students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University to design the correct syllabus and effective in teaching English. Analysis of English language needs is done by giving questionnaires to students for their answers, those questions concerning the field of English what they are very proficient (speaking, listening, reading and writing) and which areas of English they find difficult to learn, and choose what lessons they think are necessary that have not been provided in the current syllabus. The answers from these students will be analyzed according to the need analysis by Hutchinson and Waters (1994) and Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998). From this research, it is expected that students can improve their English language skills in economics majors and also can design a new syllabus that is more effective in accordance with the needs of students at the Faculty of Economics, Udayana University. Key words: Needs analysis, english language, english for economic, ESP.

Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Keberhasilan Usaha UMKM Pengolahan Buah dan Pengolahan Susu

Micro, small and medium enterprises are able to safe the economy, especially in Indonesia. On the other hand, Indonesia has to face the Asian Economic Community in 2025, that is why micro small and medium enterprises need to understand the factors of business success to compete in to participate in Asian Economic Community. The aims of this research are to know the business characteristics and businessmen characteristics of micro small and medium enterprises fruit and milk processing and to analyze factors affecting business success. Questionnaire surveys have been conducted to 31 respondents for each clusters, milk processing and fruit processing. Data were analyzed by descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. Multiple linear regression has been conducted in order to examine the relative impact of the identified factors on business success. The factor that affecting business success in fruit and milk processing was entrepreneurial marketing and government policies. The results of this research can be beneficial to relevant agencies.

Will Natural-dying Batik SMEs Compete in Asian Economic Community?

Being claimed as playing vital role for economic development in Indonesia, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) still has many challenges to be aware of. Some of them are the the free market of Asean Economic Community and the competitiveness of the SME compared to other similar products. One of the outstanding SMEs is Batik SME in Central Java. Recently, Batik has been becoming popular due to its natural dying used. As people have been discussing a lot about this kind of Batik, this research focuses on analysing its competitiveness to ensure whether the natural-dying Batik can compete with other similar products in this very competitive world, especiall ASEAN market. To understand their position of competitiveness, this study elaborated its profile so that it can be better known its existence to inform other related stakeholders. To find their competitiveness, the research collected primary data using primary and secondary data. Questionnaires distribution and interview to ten Batik makers were conducted. The the data were analysed using SWOT descriptive analysis and Internal and External (IE) Matrix after IFAS was used. From the data analysis, it was found that the natural dying Batik is very potential to develop by using certain strategis. Based on the formulation of alternative strategy using Internal and External (IE) Matrix, natural dying Batik SMEs in Semarang city is at the position of Quadrant 1. The strategies that are recommended to use are Strength-Opportunities (S-O). These strategies suggest natural dying Batik SMEs to take all available opportunities by expanding their market and developing the products.