scholarly journals THE DESTINY OF VISUALIZATIONS IN PUBLIC SCIENCE COMMUNICATION: BETWEEN ACTION AND REPRESENTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Лада Владимировна Шиповалова
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Public Science ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Communication Work ◽  
Professional Science ◽  
The Relationship

Научные визуализации рассматриваются в трех контекстах. Первый контекст – визуального поворота, в ходе которого подчеркивается внимание к двойственной роли образов в общественных взаимодействиях: как представлений и как действующих агентов. Второй контекст – кризиса научных репрезентаций, выходом из которого оказывается внимание к научным визуализациям, связывающим, благодаря своему чувственному характеру, теорию и реальность. Третий контекст – публичной научной коммуникации, в которой визуализации активно действуют, изменяя отношения между общественными субъектами, а также репрезентируют важную научную информацию. На переходе от второго контекста к третьему формируется интересующая автора коллизия судьбы научных визуализаций, которые в публичной научной коммуникации оказываются одновременно и научными, и политическими объектами, представляющими научные исследования и включающимися в процессы принятия общественно значимых решений. В профессиональной научной коммуникации двусмысленный характер научных визуализаций оказывается конструктивным. Они существуют одновременно и как представления, отсылающие к реальности, и как действия, собирающие в единство научное сообщество. Однако в публичной научной коммуникации сборка сообщества посредством научных визуализаций оказывается не менее значимой, но более проблематичной, поскольку интересы участвующих во взаимодействии субъектов различны, соответственно, утрачивается возможность однозначного восприятия визуализаций. Тем не менее визуализации в публичной научной коммуникации действуют достаточно эффективно, способствуя распространению научной грамотности в процессах популяризации, вовлечению граждан в управление и принятие политически значимых решений. При этом возникают условия, препятствующие удержанию конструктивной двусмысленности визуализаций. В качестве таких условий в статье рассматриваются цифровые посредники коммуникации, усиливающие действенный характер визуализаций, а также неопределенность как предмет познания современной науки «пост-нормальной эпохи», который сложно репрезентировать посредством образов. В итоге возникает ситуация уклонения к признанию действенности визуализации в ущерб ее репрезентативной функции и, как следствие, принесения научной объективной стороны визуализаций в жертву их политической и даже идеологической составляющей. В заключение автор предлагает выход из этой ситуации, способствующий удержанию необходимой двойственности визуализаций в публичной научной коммуникации. The article discusses scientific visualizations in three contexts. The context of the visual turn emphasizes attention to the ambiguous character of images in social interactions – as representations and as agents. The context of the crisis of scientific representations concerns scientific visualizations, which are the way out of it due to their linking of theory and reality. The context of public science communication demonstrates visualizations as activity changing the relationship between public actors and as representation of important scientific information. In the transition from the second context to the third, the author finds the collision of the destiny of scientific visualizations. Visualizations in public science communication turn out to be both scientific and political objects that represent scientific research and take part in the processes of decision-making. In professional science communication, the ambiguous nature of scientific visualizations turns out to be constructive. Scientific visualizations exist simultaneously as representations referring to reality and as actions that bring together the scientific community. However, in public science communication, the assembly of a community through scientific visualizations turns out to be no less significant, but more problematic since the interests of the subjects participating in the interaction are different. Nevertheless, visualizations in public science communication work quite effectively, contributing to the dissemination of scientific literacy in the popularization and to the involvement of citizens in decision-making. In this case, conditions arise that prevent the retention of the constructive ambiguity of visualizations. As such conditions, the author examines the emerging digital mediators of communication that enhance the activities of visualizations, as well as uncertainty as a subject of “post-normal” science, which is difficult to represent through images. In conclusion, the author proposes a way out of this situation, contributing to the retention of the necessary ambiguity of visualizations in public science communication.

scholarly journals Why Should Scientists be on YouTube? It’s all About Bamboo, Oil and Ice Cream

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communications Skills ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Diverse Groups

Scientific information is a key ingredient needed to tackle global challenges like climate change, but to do this it must be communicated in ways that are accessible to diverse groups, and that go beyond traditional methods (peer-reviewed publications). For decades there have been calls for scientists to improve their communication skills—with each other and the public—but, this problem persists. During this time there have been astonishing changes in the visual communication tools available to scientists. I see video as the next step in this evolution. In this paper I highlight three major changes in the visual communication tools over the past 100 years, and use three memorable items—bamboo, oil and ice cream—and analogies and metaphors to explain why and how Do-it-Yourself (DIY) videos made by scientists, and shared on YouTube, can radically improve science communication and engagement. I also address practical questions for scientists to consider as they learn to make videos, and organize and manage them on YouTube. DIY videos are not a silver bullet that will automatically improve science communication, but they can help scientists to 1) reflect on and improve their communications skills, 2) tell stories about their research with interesting visuals that augment their peer-reviewed papers, 3) efficiently connect with and inspire broad audiences including future scientists, 4) increase scientific literacy, and 5) reduce misinformation. Becoming a scientist videographer or scientist DIY YouTuber can be an enjoyable, creative, worthwhile and fulfilling activity that can enhance many aspects of a scientist’s career.

On the Sources of Ordinary Science Knowledge and Extraordinary Science Ignorance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan M. Kahan
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Public Science ◽  
Science Of Science

In order to live well—or just to live, period—individuals must make use of much more scientific information than any can comprehend or verify. They achieve this feat not by acquiring expertise in the myriad forms of science essential to their well-being but rather by becoming experts at recognizing what science knows. Cases of persistent controversy over decision-relevance science do not stem from defects in public science comprehension; they are not a result of the failure of scientists to clearly communicate; nor are they convincingly attributable to orchestrated deception, as treacherous as such behavior genuinely is. Rather, such disputes are a consequence of disruptions to the system of conventions that normally enable individuals to recognize valid science despite their inability to understand it. Generating the knowledge needed to pre-empt such disruptions and repair them when they occur is the primary aim of the science of science communication.

‘Bending the Rules’: The Space between HQ Policy and Local Action in UN Civilian Peacekeeping

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Felix da Costa ◽  
John Karlsrud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Institutional Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

Recent literature has argued that a ‘dominant peacebuilding culture’ has precluded the contextualisation of peacebuilding to local dynamics. The article explores the ‘peacekeeping-peacebuilding nexus’ in practice, where civilian peacekeepers are increasingly considered to be early peacebuilders. Drawing on examples from United Nations (UN) civilian peacekeeping involvement in local peacebuilding in South Sudan, this article argues for a less reductionist and more nuanced view of local peacebuilding and the social interactions and dynamics which take place. It recognises the discrepancies between official UN Headquarters (HQ) policy and action in the “field”, and thus explores the relationship between policy and practice and the location of agency and authority in civilian peacekeeping. The article argues that the critique levelled against peacekeeping and peacebuilding for being focused on actors in host country capitals does not sufficiently take into consideration the relationship between capitals and the “field”. Rather, local peacebuilding outcomes depend as much or more on negotiations, bargains and compromises between different actors at the “field” level, than on institutional policy decision-making deriving from headquarters.

scholarly journals O QUE PENSAM ESTUDANTES E PROFESSORES SOBRE O PAPEL DO CIENTISTA NA DIVULGAÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA? WHAT DO STUDENTS AND TEACHERS THINK ABOUT THE SCIENTIST'S ROLE IN THE DISCLOSURE OF SCIENCE?

RevistAleph ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Borges Rocha ◽  
Marana Marana Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
University Students ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Technology And Society ◽  
Attitude Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Science ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Recent Graduates

A divulgação do conhecimento tem sido uma importante maneira da população ter acesso à informação científica. A questão 40131 do Projeto Ibero-Americano de Avaliação de Atitudes relacionada a Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade trata aresponsabilidade do cientista de informar sobre suas descobertas ao público. O presente estudo envolveu 104 participantes da área de humanas. Os dados sobrealfabetização e divulgação científica foram analisados entre pré-universitários, universitários, recém formados e professores. Os primeiros apresentaram os menoresíndices de concordância às categorias adequadas e ingênuas. Assim, possibilitou-se estabelecer relações entre a divulgação e alfabetização científica e gerar uma discussão acerca da importância da escolarização na tomada de decisões. The dissemination of knowledge has been an important way for the population to have access to scientific information. Question 40131 of the Ibero-American Science, Technology and Society Attitude Assessment Project addresses the scientist's responsibility to inform his or her findings to the public. The present study involved 104 participants from the human area. The data on literacy and scientific dissemination were analyzed among pre-university students, university students, recent graduates and teachers. The former presented the lowest indices of agreement to the appropriate and naive categories. Thus, it was possible to establish relationshipsbetween dissemination and scientific literacy and generate a discussion about theimportance of schooling in decision making.

scholarly journals Imagining GMOs: The Chinese public's scientific perception in the digital age

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Zijing Xu ◽  
Ye Lu
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

This exploratory study, which is based on the basic concepts of science communication, conducted in-depth interviews to examine the Chinese public's perceptions of and attitudes towards genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We found that, while scientific knowledge may to some extent be a differentiating factor in attitudes to GMOs, people are subject to significant influence from other information sources. Besides scientific knowledge and scientific literacy, the perception of risks in three dimensions—scientific uncertainty, food safety and conspiracy theories—forms an individual's affective framework for understanding GMOs. The trust framework, which is the regulating mechanism of perception and attitude, plays different roles through institutional trust and interpersonal trust. These tentative conclusions shed new light on how science communication should build the relationship between science and the public in the age of globalization and digitalization.

Scientific information literacy, attitude and persuasiveness in decision making among Nigerian university students

2021 ◽  
pp. 026666692110286
Author(s):  
Adeola O. Opesade ◽  
Mutawakilu A. Tiamiyu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cultural Belief ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
The Public ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Nigerian University ◽  
Science Methodology

Acceptance and and use of scientific findings have been reported to face challenges that are attributable to inadequacies of science and/or society’s inadequate scientific literacy and attitude. In view of the dearth of studies on these issues in Nigeria, this study explored the levels and variations in the scientific literacy, attitude to science, and persuasiveness of scientific compared to cultural knowledge in some personal decision making contexts of postgraduate students in a Nigerian university. The study collected data through a designed and validated questionnaire administered on 315 postgraduate students in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Findings among others are that attitude to science was very highly positive, religious information had slightly stronger persuasiveness in decision making for the students than scientific information, and much more than cultural information. Knowledge of scientific methodology, and critical thinking behavior have positive influence on students’ persuasiveness of science while cultural belief has negative predictive influence on their persuasiveness of science. The study concludes, amongst others, that students’ attitude to science and their persuasiveness of science can be influenced by their levels of knowledge of science methodology and cultural belief, though in an opposing manner. This implies that publics’ understandanding of the persuasiveness of science could be improved by variations in their levels of knowledge of science methodology and cultural belief, amongst other variables. The study therefore, recommends that scientists should begin to communicate science methods to the public through public-friendly and informal means while also subjecting some of the cultural beliefs to scientific tests and communicating their outcomes to the public.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

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