A Educação como um Instrumento de Transformação Social à Luz da Teoria das Janelas Quebradas / Education as an Instrument of Social Transformation in Light of the Broken Windows Theory

Resumo: Este artigo resulta de reflexões teóricas sobre o papel da educação na transformação social. O objetivo principal se expõe na busca, sintética e mais abrangente de compreender a função da educação emancipatória como um instrumento de transformação social à luz da Teoria das Janelas quebradas. Tendo como objetivos específicos: analisar a pobreza e criminalidade na sociedade capitalista do século XXI; analisar a pobreza e a criminalidade à luz da teoria das janelas quebradas e refletir sobre a Educação emancipatória e sobre a sua função na sociedade capitalista à luz da teoria das janelas quebradas. Inova-se por trazer essa teoria norte-americana sob outra perspectiva relacionada a educação, e não ao âmbito do direito e da criminalidade como os pesquisadores já o fizeram. Partiu-se de uma abordagem mais teórica e reflexiva, acessando fontes bibliográficas de autores clássicos em que suas ideias permanecem e autores contemporâneos que buscam compreender a sociedade capitalista, a pobreza, a criminalidade e a educação nesta sociedade capitalista. A revisão literária procurou seguir uma linha de pensamento apoiada na teoria social crítica, ponderando as análises sob um viés crítico e analítico. Com principal pressuposto, entendemos a partir do estudo que a teoria das janelas quebradas mostra a importância da presença do Estado no investimento em segurança pública mais rígida, prevenindo situações de desordem para não se transformar em criminalidade. No entanto, essa teoria apresenta algumas lacunas, não trata da ressocialização dessas pessoas punidas, não considera quão importante também são as demais políticas públicas, especialmente de forma equitativa. Sendo que o investimento na Política Pública de Educação, é instrumento que não só preveni a criminalidade, mas a partir de uma educação emancipatória possibilita compreender a complexidade das relações sociais, econômicas e políticas vigentes e encontrar estratégias e formas de organização para transformar a sociedade em prol do bem-comum.

A review of crime prevention activities in a Japanese local government area since 2008: Beautiful Windows Movement in Adachi Ward

There have been limited reports on crime prevention policies by local governments in Japan, which is one of the safest countries in the world. This article reviews crime prevention policies in Adachi Ward, which used to have the highest crime rates in Tokyo. The government of Adachi Ward introduced the “Beautiful Windows Movement” (BWM) in 2008. Based on BWM, Adachi Ward implemented various programs and interventions based on two different aspects: the aspect of preventing minor crimes and disorder in partnership with the police referring to the Broken Windows Theory and the aspect of literally making the Ward beautiful in cooperation with citizen volunteers. After 11 years of implementing BWM, the number of recorded crimes in Adachi Ward declined the most in Tokyo and residents’ sense of security improved significantly. This case study highlights the advantage of the duality of BWM to both reduce crimes and improve residents’ sense of security.

Analyzing the Relationship between Citizen Report and Local Crime Occurrence Tendency Using Broken Windows Theory

Municipalities are required to prioritize and solve local problems effectively under human and financial constraints. Preventing local crime is an important challenge among them. One of the major theories of crime prevention is the “broken windows theory,” which states that if a minor crime or a rule infringement is left unaddressed, it may lead to more serious crimes. This theory affected police administrations in some areas, but it was not widely accepted due to problems such as difficulty in verifying its validity and identifying effective measures. There is a possibility that these limitations can be overcome by using data obtained from the citizen report system, which was introduced in municipalities in recent years. This study examines the relationship between local problems and local crimes based on the broken windows theory using citizen report data.

Assessing Influence Mechanism of Green Utilization of Agricultural Wastes in Five Provinces of China through Farmers’ Motivation-Cognition-Behavior

Using the theory of motivation, and the theory of planned behavior, this study establishes the “motivation-cognition-behavior” model of green utilization of agricultural waste from the perspective of farmers. In the motivational dimension, eight motivational factors were determined in three sub-dimensions of extrinsic motivation. In the cognitive dimension, three sub-dimensions of subjective norms, behavioral attitude, and perceived behavioral control are also determined. In the behavioral dimension, two sub-dimensions of utilization intention and utilization behavior are specified. Methodologically, a questionnaire on the green utilization of agricultural waste of 704 peasant households in five provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan was administered. With the help of the structural equation model, the influence path and the internal mechanism was then analyzed. It is shown that: (1) in relation to the “motivational dimension → cognitive dimension,” extrinsic motivation significantly promotes the cultivation of farmers’ subjective norms, in which positive broken windows theory has a positive effect. In contrast, negative broken windows theory has a negative one. In intrinsic motivation, the behavior attitude of farmers is negative. In the response analysis, farmers can realize that their ability, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost all have a positive impact on farmers’ perceived behavioral control. (2) In relation of the “cognitive dimension → behavioral dimension,” behavioral attitude slightly hinders utilization intention, while subjective norms and perceived behavioral control all contribute to a stronger utilization intention; the utilization intention maintains a positive correlation with the utilization behavior.

A violência de gênero no Brasil numa perspectiva da Broken Windows Theory

O presente artigo científico tem como objetivo precípuo cotejar a violência de gênero no Brasil numa perspectiva da broken windows theory. Para tanto buscaremos apoio nos mapas da violência no Brasil apresentados por agência especializada em monitorar as estatísticas anuais. Num primeiro momento abordaremos questões conceituais sobre a “teoria das janelas quebradas”. Em seguida apresentaremos os índices da violência de gênero. Por fim enlaçaremos os números objetivos da violência com os argumentos teóricos. O trabalho, portanto, parte de uma metodologia experimental e uma revisão bibliográfica para dar suporte ao aviamento estrutural. O tema é relevante, pois os números estudados têm sido constantemente debatidos nas principais agendas de combate a violência, sobretudo de gênero.

Evaluation of the Broken Windows Theory in Terms of Patient Safety

The broken windows theory introduces an approach applicable to different fields of discipline insofar as it explains how disorder (crime, etc.) occurs in a community and provides a basis from which solutions can be developed to prevent it. Considering the complexity of healthcare systems, irregularities, and rule violations that commonly mark them and put human health at risk, it is important to produce more effective solutions by taking advantage of different perspectives. This study evaluates the applicability of the broken windows theory to patient safety. As this theory can be an effective solution to the medical errors, neglect and rule violations that commonly occur in the delivery of health services, it is important that further research on this subject be performed.