Analyzing the Relationship between Citizen Report and Local Crime Occurrence Tendency Using Broken Windows Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Eiji Kano ◽  
◽  
Kazuhiko Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Broken Windows ◽  
Broken Windows Theory ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Report System ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship

Municipalities are required to prioritize and solve local problems effectively under human and financial constraints. Preventing local crime is an important challenge among them. One of the major theories of crime prevention is the “broken windows theory,” which states that if a minor crime or a rule infringement is left unaddressed, it may lead to more serious crimes. This theory affected police administrations in some areas, but it was not widely accepted due to problems such as difficulty in verifying its validity and identifying effective measures. There is a possibility that these limitations can be overcome by using data obtained from the citizen report system, which was introduced in municipalities in recent years. This study examines the relationship between local problems and local crimes based on the broken windows theory using citizen report data.

scholarly journals Use of a text mining method for classifying citizen report data and analyzing the occurrence trend of local problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eiji Kano ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Problem Detection ◽  
Report System ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Maintenance And Inspection ◽  
The Relationship

An important task of any municipality is the maintenance and improvement of the street-related living environment and traffic safety for citizens.  For this, their department of street maintenance is expected to efficiently perform the maintenance and inspection of streets according to priority with limited human and budgetary resources.  Recently, municipalities in various countries are adopting “the citizen report system,” which is a system of reporting problems of streets, such as damaged streets, by citizens to their municipality, for citizens to perform part of street maintenance and inspection.  It is possible that the data obtained by municipalities through the citizen report system can be utilized not only for early problem detection but also for prioritizing administrative measures by using it for analyzing the occurrence trend of problems.  Problems reported by citizens, however, are classified by different methods from municipality to municipality, and thus the collection and comparative analysis of such data across municipalities is difficult.  This study presents a method of commonly classifying such data, regardless of different classification standards, by analyzing the contents of citizen reports by using text mining.  We then analyze the relationship between the trend of citizen reports and the occurrence trend of problems concerning the living environment and traffic safety, using the citizen report data of three large municipalities classified by this method, and infer the occurrence trend of problems.  This study has confirmed that citizen report data possibly contributes to municipalities’ prioritization of the maintenance and improvement of the living environment and traffic safety.

Design and Build Reporting Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) for Web-Based BTS Installation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Yanna Maharastri
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Service Testing ◽  
Report System ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Using Data

The general purpose of making an ATP (Acceptance Test Procedure) report is to test whether the system that has been worked on is in accordance with the function specifications (validation). The ATP report used by an agency is infrastructure, equipment installation, etc. The manufacture of ATP for BTS installation on telecommunication subcons is manual which can reduce a lot of work time and data discrepancies. Therefore, a web-based ATP report system was designed to be able to perform reports with proper coordinate validation prior to installation and can also save work time. The web-based ATP report can match the important points of BTS installation. System planning starts from data collection and analysis to be used as a web-based report. Data transmission will be accommodated on the server and will be stored in the data base using My SQL. After the design is complete, it can be seen that with the analysis stage of the system design and system design using Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), input output design, responses from each each user with the function of each form content. for user engineers there are 97.2% agree from some menu functions, for user documentation there are 97.5% agree with the system, for user owners there are 91.65% agree and also QoS (Quality Of Service) testing is carried out for several cellular operators namely Im3 ooredoo , XL, Telkomsel and also the Polynema wifi network.

scholarly journals Examining Banks Profitability and Banks Efficiency of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
chandra setiawan ◽  
Onie Insany Kodratillah
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This research investigates: first, the Return on Assets (ROA) determinants of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia period of 2012Q1 – 2016Q2 using panel least square by adopting Fixed Effect Method (FEM); second, measuring the technical efficiency level using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach; third, the relationship between technical efficiency and Return on Assets (ROA) using simple regression. This research uses time series and quarterly published report data from Central Bank (Bank Indonesia). The results as follows: Size (log total assets), Operational Efficiency Ratio (OER), Net Profit Margin ratio (NPM), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and BI rate have partially and simultaneously significant effect toward Return on Assets (ROA). The average technical efficiency of Islamic commercial banks is 0.919 or 91.9%. This finding indicates that Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah (BNIS) in the research period as the most technical efficiency. It shows that in overall Islamic commercial banks is still inefficient in managing their performance. The finding reveals there is no significant relationship between Technical Efficiency and Return on Asset.

The Effect of 311 Calls for Service on Crime in D.C. at Microplaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (14) ◽  
pp. 1882-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Broken Windows ◽  
Broken Windows Theory ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

This study tests the broken windows theory of crime by examining the relationship between 311 calls for service and crime at the street segment and intersection level in Washington, D.C. Controlling for a set of micro-level covariates as well as unobserved neighborhood-level effects using negative binomial regression models, it is found that detritus- and infrastructure-related calls for service have a positive, but small effect on crime. The results suggest that 311 calls for service are a valid indicator of physical disorder where available, and the findings partially confirm the broken windows theory. Given the small effects though, reducing physical disorder is unlikely to result in appreciable declines in crime.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hang-Yue Ngo ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Wengjuan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pesapane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant.  In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

Electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghazali Ismail ◽  
Arlinah Abd Rashid ◽  
Azlina Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship and causality direction between electricity consumption and economic growth is an important issue in the fields of energy economics and policies towards energy use. Extensive literatures has discussed the issue, but the array of findings provides anything but consensus on either the existence of relations or direction of causality between the variables. This study extends research in this area by studying the long-run and causal relations between economic growth, electricity consumption, labour and capital based on the neo-classical one sector aggregate production technology mode using data of electricity consumption and real GDP for ASEAN from the year 1983 to 2012. The analysis is conducted using advanced panel estimation approaches and found no causality in the short run while in the long-run, the results indicate that there are bidirectional relationship among variables. This study provides supplementary evidences of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

Openness and Self-enhancement are predictors of cultural and economic beliefs: an analysis of European countries across 15 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Czarnek ◽  
Małgorzata Kossowska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we investigate the relationship between values and political beliefs and how it varies as a function of cultural context and time. In particular, we analyzed the effects of Conservation vs. Openness to change and Self-transcendence vs. Self-enhancement for cultural and economic political beliefs using data from nationally representative samples of citizens from 34 European countries from eight rounds of the European Social Survey (data spans the 2002–2016 period). We found that the effects of values on political beliefs are moderated by the Western vs. Eastern cultural context and that there is a modest round-to-round variation in the effects of values on beliefs. The relationship between Openness and cultural beliefs was negative and largely consistent across the Western and Eastern countries. Similarly, the effects of Self-enhancement were positive across these Western and Eastern countries. In contrast, the effects of Openness on economic beliefs were positive for the Eastern countries but largely weak and inconsistent for the Western countries. Finally, the effects of Self-enhancement on cultural beliefs are weak for both cultural contexts.

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