The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Leadership in Pygmalion Perception of the Workers

The main objective of the chapter was to examine the effect on the motivations of Pygmalion perception of health workers working in public-private hospitals operating in TRB1 region (Elazığ, Malatya, Tunceli, and Bingöl) and to analyze the mediator role of self-efficacy and leadership in this effect. For this purpose, employees of all public and private sector hospitals in the region were accepted as main mass and data was collected. A total of 12,939 health workers are employed in these hospitals. The sample of the study consisted of 414 health workers. In this study, the quantitative research method has been used and data was obtained through a face-to-face survey technique. The main analyses used in this study were descriptive statistics, validity and reliability, regression and mediating role analyzes. Pygmalion perception can be effective at a rate of 11% on motivation (r = 0.329; r2 = 0.108; p<0.001). In addition, it was found that leadership and self-efficacy had a partial mediating role in the effect of Pygmalion perception on motivation.

The Effects of Health Expenditures to Decrease Infant Mortality Rates in OECD Countries

There is a positive relationship between the health level of the society and its economic development. The main reason is that improving quality of the lives and increasing lifetime has lead to higher economic performance. This evaluates the relationship between health expenditure and infant mortality rate in OECD countries. In the analysis process, 20 different countries in the OECD are selected and annual data of these countries for the years between 1980 and 2017 is evaluated with the help of Kao panel cointegration and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality analysis. The findings show that there is long term relationship between health expenditure and infant mortality rates in OECD countries. Another important conclusion is that there is a causality analysis from health expenditure to the infant mortality rate. While considering these results, it is recommended that OECD countries should take some actions in order to increase health expenditure so that it can be possible to decrease infant mortality rate.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Leadership Characteristics and Motivation and Satisfaction in Health Institutions

This article describes how due to the globalization activities, where competition is very intense and economic, technological and international environmental elements are also very active and uncertain. In the 21st century, the concept “management” stands out so that all institutions, including health institutions, can see their present and future locations, anticipate opportunities and threats, adapt to all the changes that have taken place, make their services more effective and sustain their success. Organizations need leaders who are open to teamwork, encouraging, creative, sociable, energetic, attaching importance to their subordinates' feelings, thoughts, needs and expectations, taking care to develop high quality relations with their subordinates and respecting their subordinates. Within the scope of the study, the understanding of leadership in health institutions and the importance of leadership are emphasized; the effects of leadership on the motivation, satisfaction and performance of the employees

Accessibility for Everyone in Health Communication Mobile Application Usage

With the development of new communication technologies and the change and transformation of mobile applications, communication styles also acquire a different dimension. Currently, individuals can access information about many health-related issues easily and quickly. Mobile applications also provide support to individuals in this area anywhere at any time. However, awareness about mobile applications and their availability is important at this point. While the transformation in the technological field makes life easier for users, not everyone (young, old, disabled, etc.) enjoys the advantages equally. In this study, user-based usability testing will be carried out on the axis of E-nabız application with female users above 65 years selected according to certain criteria. The E-nabız application is a platform for all citizens registered to the E-devlet system to access health information. In this context, besides pointing out the accessibility problems of the application, possible solutions will also be offered.

On Health Expenditure and Income Inequality

This study investigates the relationship between health care expenditure and income inequality empirically. Using data from a large panel of countries covering a sizeable period of time, how level and composition of health care expenditures correlate with income inequality is studied via the panel data fixed effects estimation methodology. These estimations yield several robust findings. First, there is a significant positive correlation between income inequality and reliance on private resources for health care financing. Second, there exists a significant negative correlation between health care expenditure per capita and income inequality. Third, there is a significant negative correlation between income inequality and health care expenditure as a share of GDP. Next, this study analyzes a select group of well-established democracies with developed economies to detect if health expenditure and income inequality variables correlate with public beliefs and preferences. Empirical analyses reveal that indeed belief and preferences accord well with policy choices.

Identifying the Relationship Between Health Expenditures and Life Expectancy at Birth

In this study, 16 countries in the MENA region (United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Malta, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Yemen) were included to the sample and was analyzed, by using a panel data method Pedroni Cointegration test, that relationship between “health expenditures” and “life expectancy at birth” in 2000-2016 period these countries. As a result of the analysis, there was no relationship between health expenditures and life expectancy at birth. Although health expenditures do not have a direct impact on life expectancy at birth, If the MENA region countries take needed measures (such as; to attach importance to institutionalization and functionality in health, focusing on disadvantaged groups, and to encourage investments of hospital and personnel), the inequalities in health outcomes would be reduced.

Evaluating the Impact of Strategic Management and Strategic Thinking on Performance in the Public Health Sector

In the 2000s, change in the business world and pioneering strategies that shape change are becoming the main conditions for superiority in competition. Until recently the traditional management and organization approaches that are in place are inadequate to meet the new expectations coming from change. The aim of this study is to reveal the extent to which the managers of health institutions have adopted the strategic management approach. In this study, it is explained whether the managers have knowledge about strategic management tools which are the basis of strategic management application methods, what strategic management tools they use, their level of satisfaction with these tools and what tools they intend to use in the future. In addition, the changes in the health management managers in the field of strategic management, the priorities in the selection of strategic management tools, the importance of strategic thinking and the effects of strategic management understanding on performance are examined.

Describing Health Ecosystem in NIS

Technological innovation has been a key driving force for economic growth, industrial development, and increasing welfare. Two dominant streams of theories as market-failure and system-failure oriented the domain to reach development economy objectives for countries. In this case, national innovation systems have been recognized by the rising understanding of systems of innovation. National Innovation Systems have been considered as complex and multi-faceted. Therefore, for overcoming this complexity and make it simplified analytically, in this chapter only the healthcare field has been examined by considering University Hospital cases. It is aimed to understand cognitive contribution of university hospitals to health innovation system by examining scientific publications. It is found that regional perspective should be applied to create more applicable policies.

Identifying the Relationship Between Health Investment and Economic Development

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the economic development of countries and the importance they attach to health. In this context, macroeconomic data on the economic development levels and health of 127 countries were included in the study. In the application part of the study, clustering and cross-table analysis were used. As a result of the k-means clustering analysis, a 76.4% similarity was found between the three countries groups and the economic development levels. Therefore, it is possible to talk about significant relationships between health expenditures/investments and economic development. In addition, it is seen that 90% of the country group that attaches importance to health expenditures consists of developed countries.

What Drives the Convergence of Per-Capita Health Expenditures in the EU Member Countries?

One of the most important issues in economic development is the examination of the convergence phenomenon. The convergence analysis has been enhanced with the efforts of various economists and the convergence trends in all areas of the economic system have been determined with the help of applied analysis. As well as income convergence analysis among countries, the convergence dynamics in health expenditures have become popular in recent years. Therefore, the main motivation of this study is to examine the convergence process of health expenditures in the European Union member countries using a geographically weighted regression analysis of the period 1970 to 2017. The results of the analysis indicate that a statistically strong convergence is valid in “the Six” and the Eurozone, while there is not any statistically significant convergence in non-member states of the Eurozone. Also, the findings of the panel cross-country analysis also point out the nonexistence of the convergence. Finally, the analysis is extended to examine convergence by adding some control variables.