Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Chicken De-Feathering Machine

Due to its low fat and calorie content, chicken meat is popular among non-vegetarians all over the world. The design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a chicken de-feathering machine using locally available materials are described in this paper. The design calculations were done correctly to guarantee the right shaft diameter, as this might impact the machine's efficiency. The machine uses rubber fingers to do the actual removal of the feathers. The rubber fingers are attached to a rotating plate against a stationary plucking basin carrying protruding rubber fingers. From the analysis, a 1.0 H.P electric motor is required to drive the machine and this was used to drive the machine. Following the design and fabrication of the machine, three different types of chickens were used to test its performance. The chickens were immersed in hot water between 60 and 90 degrees Celsius and held between the 40s and 60s. The machine removed feathers without any major damage to the chickens. At each trial, the efficiency was calculated. In conclusion, the machine performed efficiently and effectively, leaving behind products that are readily marketable. Keywords: [Chicken, De-feathering, Efficiency. Fingers, Scalding, Rubber.]

Nodule Deformation of PVA Roller Brushes on a Rotating Plate: Optimum Cleaning for Nanosized Particles due to Liquid Absorption and Desorption of Sponge Deformation

It is very difficult to remove extremely small particles from the surface of the wafer. Here, we proposed a new cleaning strategy using brush scrubbing, namely, nodule deformation induced fluid flow. Liquid absorption and desorption due to brush deformation enhance the mixing of liquids containing small particles. In this study, we developed a setup that reproduced the actual movement of PVA roller brushes on a rotating wafer and observed the contact surface of the brush nodule. We modeled the brush nodule deformation for each rotating condition. As a result, three types of nodule deformation were observed. In most cases, the nodule side face, rather than the bottom face was mainly in contact with the wafer surface. Moreover, we compared two types of roller brushes, normal cylindrical nodules, and edge treated nodules and found that the deformation can be significantly changed by chamfering nodule edge.

Spinning Formability of Al-Mg-Si Alloy

Spinning is a type of plastic forming in which a tool such as a roller is pressed against a rotating plate or tube to gradually deform the shape and obtain a product with the same shape as the forming die. This processing method has the advantage that it can be processed seamlessly but has the drawback of causing internal defects due to deformation. In this study, the purpose is to obtain basic knowledge about the internal defect generation mechanism in spinning, and to perform cold and hot spinning with high diameter reduction under various conditions on Al-Mg-Si alloy tube. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that the inner defects increased as the diameter reduction ratio increased. It was considered that the main cause of the occurrence of inner defects was that, at a high diameter reduction ratio, the amount of processing was large, so that the increase of material flow led to increase of wall pressure.

Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Nanofluid Flow Based on Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 over a Moving Rotating Plate and Impact of Various Nanoparticle Shapes

The study of rotating nanofluid flows has a vital role in several applications such as in food processing, rotating machinery, cooling systems, and chemical fluid. The aims of the present work are to improve the thermophysical properties of convective flow and heat transfer for unsteady nanofluid past a moving rotating plate in the presence of ohmic, viscous dissipations, Brownian, and thermophoresis diffusion. The system is strained under the effect of strong magnetic field, and then the Hall current is considered. For this investigation, three different types of the nanoparticles Cu (copper), Al2O3 (aluminium oxide), and TiO2 (titanium dioxide) with various shapes (spherical, cylindrical, and brick) are considered, and water is used as a base nanofluid. The system governing equations are solved semianalytically using homotopy perturbation technique. In order to validate the present work, different comparisons are made under some special cases with previously published results and found an excellent agreement. It is observed that the shape of nanoparticles plays a substantial role to significantly determine the flow behaviour. Also, it can be found that the use of the cylindrical nanoparticle shape has better improvement for heat transfer rate compared with the other nanoparticle shapes.

Effectiveness of exponential heat source, nanoparticle shape factor and Hall current on mixed convective flow of nanoliquids subject to rotating frame

Purpose The study of novel exponential heat source (EHS) phenomena across a flowing fluid with the suspension of nanoparticles over a rotating plate in the presence of Hall current and chemical reaction has been an open question. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of EHS in the transport of nanofluid under the influence of strong magnetic dipole (Hall effect), chemical reaction and temperature-dependent heat source (THS) effects. The Khanafer-Vafai-Lightstone model is used for nanofluid and the thermophysical properties of nanofluid are calculated from mixture theory and phenomenological laws. The simulation of the flow is also carried out using the appropriate values of the empirical shape factor for five different particle shapes (i.e. sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, column and lamina). Design/methodology/approach Using Laplace transform technique, exact solutions are presented for the governing nonlinear equations. Graphical illustrations are pointed out to represent the impact of involved parameters in a comprehensive way. The numeric data of the density, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, specific heat, Prandtl number and Nusselt number for 20 different nanofluids are presented. Findings It is established that the nanofluid enhances the heat transfer rate of the working fluids; the nanoparticles also cause an increase of viscous. The impact of EHS advances the heat transfer characteristics significantly than usual thermal-based heat source (THS). Originality/value The effectiveness of EHS phenomena in the dynamics of nanofluid over a rotating plate with Hall current, chemical reaction and THS effects is first time investigated.

A Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Free Vibration Analysis of a Rotating Plate

A cell-based smoothed finite element method (CS-FEM) is formulated for nonlinear free vibration analysis of a plate attached to a rigid rotating hub. The first-order shear deformation theory which is known as Mindlin plate theory is used to model the plate. In the process of formulating the system stiffness matrix, the discrete shear gap (DSG) method is used to construct the strains to overcome the shear locking issue. The effectiveness of the CS-FEM is first demonstrated in some static cases and then extended for free vibration analysis of a rotating plate considering the nonlinear effects arising from the coupling of vibration of the flexible structure with the undergoing large rotational motions. The nonlinear coupling dynamic equations of the system are derived via employing Lagrange’s equations of the second kind. The effects of different parameters including thickness ratio, aspect ratio, hub radius ratio and rotation speed on dimensionless natural frequencies are investigated. The dimensionless natural frequencies of CS-FEM are compared with those other existing method including the FEM and the assumed modes method (AMM). It is found that the CS-FEM based on Mindlin plate theory provides more accurate and “softer” solution compared with those of other methods even if using coarse meshes. In addition, the frequency loci veering phenomena associated with the mode shape interaction are examined in detail.