scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER SUPPLEMENT OF SUNFLOWER IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  

The purpose of research: improvement of technology of sunflower cultivation, in particular optimization of system of food of culture in zonal conditions of the West of Ukraine. Research methods. Studies of the effectiveness of foliar fertilization in the technology of sunflower cultivation were conducted in the experimental field of the Lviv branch of UkrNDIPVT. L. Pogorily, with a total area of 4.5 hectares, which was divided into nine experimental plots with different schemes of drug application. Sunflower seeds were sown with a Romina 8 seed drill (Gaspardo). The sowing rate is 5 kg / ha. Width between rows - 70 cm. Protection of crops from weeds, pests and diseases was carried out by a chemical method. During the research, the effectiveness of the application of organo-mineral fertilizer Humilin Stimulus (Agrocontour LLC), Nivaton Boron microfertilizer (MM Logistics LLC) and Expert Grove growth stimulant (Adama LLC) was determined. The drugs were applied once in the phase of 3-4 pairs of true leaves and twice - in the phases of 3-4 and 6-8 pairs of true leaves Research results: Plowing to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation to a depth of 10 cm and pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 5 cm were carried out at the experimental sites. Mineral fertilizers Super Agro (200 kg/ha) and lime-ammonium nitrate were applied for spring cultivation. Sunflower seeds were sown with a Romina 8 seed drill (Gaspardo). The sowing rate is 5 kg/ha. Width between rows - 70 cm. Protection of crops from weeds, pests and diseases was carried out by a chemical method. During the research, the effectiveness of the application of organo-mineral fertilizer Humilin Stimulus (Agrocontour LLC), Nivaton Boron microfertilizer (MM Logistics LLC) and Expert Grove growth stimulant (Adama LLC) was determined. The drugs were applied once in the phase of 3-4 pairs of true leaves and twice - in the phases of 3-4 and 6-8 pairs of true leaves Foliar dressing provided an increase in the diameter of the basket, the number of seeds in the basket, the weight of 1000 seeds, a decrease in empty grain and an increase in the seed productivity of one plant. Thus, as a result of the introduction of drugs, the number of full-fledged seeds in baskets increased by 15-85 pieces. or 2,1-11,8% more than in the control area. The number of full-fledged seeds in the basket under control - 718 pcs. The weight of 1000 seeds varied from 54,6 g in the control to 59,1 g in the area where the plants were fed twice. The difference between the largest and smallest mass of 1000 seeds is only 4,5 g or 8,2%. The minimum and maximum productivity of one basket differs by 8,3 g or 21,2%. In areas with different variants of one-time foliar feeding, an increase in yield by 5,7-14,7% compared to the control was recorded, and in the case of double fertilization - by 10,4-26,1%. Seed yield on control was 2,11 t/ha. Conclusions. The use of foliar fertilization of sunflower allowed to improve the structural indicators of yield and weight of 1000 seeds. The economic effect of root fertilization reached from 1022 to 4855 UAH/ha.

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Voldemar Mostovenko

The best variant of the experiment is the application of lime (1 norm per year), mineral fertilizers with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo, foliar fertilization in the budding phase with microfertilizer Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal budding, which provided the density of standing in vegetable varieties Skinado and Somerwood at 1179.8 and 1183.1 thousand / ha. This is higher than the control by 91.3 and 90.8 thousand / ha. Field germination of seeds was higher in the variant, where against the background of mineral fertilizers carried out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo with the introduction of lime (1 norm per year) field germination was in vegetable varieties Skinado and Somerwood - 91.8 %, which is higher than in the control by 3.9 and 3.6%, respectively. The shortest duration of the period of germination-beginning of technical maturity was observed in the variants of the experiment, where against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin was carried out and in pea varieties Skinado - 54 days and Somerwood - 57 days. Carrying out pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Vuxal Extra CoMo microfertilizer against the background of mineral fertilizer N30P60K60 and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin led to prolongation of the period of germination-beginning of technical ripeness in Skinado pea varieties up to 55 days and 58 Somerwood. A longer period of seedlings-beginning of technical maturity was observed in the variants of the experiment, where mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo, foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth, Wuxal and Skinado pea varieties - 58 days and Somerwood - 61 days. Key words: vegetable peas, variety, rhizotorphin, foliar feeding.


Author(s):  
V. M. Totskyi ◽  
А. І. Len

Sunflower is a crop requiring intensive mineral nutrition, therefore, its cultivation demands reserves of nutrients in the soil, which can be replenished by applying mineral fertilizers. Purpose. Our purpose was to study the effects of fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups (bred at the Institute of Oil Crops) in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Material and methods. The study was conducted at Poltava State Agricultural Research Station named after N.I. Vavilov in 2019–2020 The study object was processes of the growth and development of sunflower plants and formation of sunflower seeds depending on farming techniques. The study subject was sunflower hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok. The following fertilizers were applied: 1) no fertilizers (control); 2) N32Р32К32; 3) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves; 4) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 2–3 pairs of leaves; 5) N32P32K32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves. Results and discussion. The results show that mineral macro- and microfertilizers contributed to more intensive growth and development of plants. Thus, the tallest plants, the largest leaves and calathidiums, and the highest 1000-seed weight were recorded hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok with basic mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with carbamide (10 kg/ha) or with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha). The maximum yields from hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok were achieved with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) – 3.35 t/ha, 3.41 t/ha and 3.15 t/ha respectively. The gain to the control (no fertilizers) was 0.33 t/ha, 0.32 t/ha and 0.22 t/ha, respectively. Fertilization also affected the oil content in seeds. Mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 decreased the oil content in the hybrid seeds by 1.1–1.7% compared to the ‘no fertilizers’ experiment. However, fertilization of plants during the growing period with urea or microfertilizer Novalon Foliar in combination with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 significantly increased the oil content in seeds. With the best yields, the highest output of oil from the hybrids was 1,406 kg/ha, 1,446 kg/ha and 1,356 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Our results mainly confirm the results of other studies. Mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers promote more intensive growth and development of plants and increase the yields of sunflower seeds. However, there are some discrepancies in the oil content in seeds. Some researchers reported that mineral fertilization increased the oil content in seeds compared to the control (no fertilizers). We found that application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32P32K32 caused a decrease in the oil content in seeds, and only supplementary foliar fertilization with urea or microfertilizers increased this indicator


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Galina Chernyakova ◽  
N. Trots ◽  
Ykov Kostin

The aim of the research is increasing the productivity of potatoes via the use of organic fertilizers. Research was carried out on crop rotation fields with potato plantations of Arnica and Arosa breeds. The distance between the ridges is 75 cm, the ridge height is 18-20 cm, and the distance between seats in a row is 24 cm. In the applied crop rotation, potato was planted on fallow steam. The object of study is the soil of the upper farm field (0-30 cm). The results of applying programmed soil fertilizers for potato plants consisting of background mineral fertilizers N120P150K300 and manure in doses of 20 t/ha and 60 t/ha for four experimental plots with an area of 210 ha are pre-sented. Determination of heavy metal content was performed within the certified laboratory of the Federal state Uni-versity «Station of agro-chemical service «Samara» by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on the results of heavy metals mobile forms in the soil, a concentration coefficient was calculated, which showed that the actual av-erage value exceeds the background level. The lead concentration coefficient amounting to 1.6 – indicates the ac-cumulation of the element on the research area. Organo-mineral fertilizer N120P150K300+manure 60 t / ha allows you to restore the balance of mould on the research ordinary Chernozem, get an increase in yield of 4.1-8.9 t / ha, has an effect on reducing the content of gross heavy metals in the soil: Cd – by 1.2-1.4 times; Cu – 1.1-1.2 times, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe – 1.1 times compared to the control area. Within the experiment N120 P150K300 + manure 60 t / ha lead mobility reduces to 3.9%, copper, zinc, iron-less than by 1 %, cadmium mobility increases by 3.4-5.7 %.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
N.A. Shiryaeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Beregovaya ◽  
S.N. Petrova ◽  
◽  
...  

Soybean is one of the most valuable protein crops on the modern market of agricultural producers and its production has been constantly growing in recent decades. The level of its productivity, as well as any other crop, depends on the biological productivity potential of the cultivated variety and the degree of implementation of its cultivation techniques. The aim of the research was to study the responses of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Zusha varieties for various mineral nutrition in the conditions of agrocenosis. The research was conducted on the basis of the research and educational production center "Integration" of the Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin. We determined the biological efficiency of fertilizer systems, the productivity and quality of grain under different mineral nutrition conditions .Testing of liquid complex fertilizers on soy has shown high biological and economic efficiency of mineral fertilizers. In conditions of dark gray forest soils with average agrochemical indicators of the soil, as well as with spontaneous inoculation of soybean by native rhizobia strains, the maximum economic effect was demonstrated with the pre-sowing application of complex mineral fertilizer NPK (S)+Ca 5:15:30(5)+7 in a dose of 150 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha of urea, as well as diammofoski NPK(S) 10:26:26 (2) in conjunction with the ZhCU. The use of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in the growth of biomass by an average of 23%, and the area of leaves-by 8.5% compared to the control. Changes in mineral nutrition led to an increase in the content of raw protein in soy grains. Additionally, 4.4-4.6 C/ha of grain was obtained from 1 ha, respectively 4.7 and 5.4 thousand rubles of income due to an increase in soybean productivity by 22-23% compared to the control.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.


Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.


Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.


Author(s):  
V.Y. Bukhalo ◽  
G.I. Sukhova

The article analyzes the current state and improvement of elements of the technology of growing valuable forage and food crops, spring barley in Ukraine. It is noted that in recent years the area under large crops and the yield of this crop have decreased significantly. It is emphasized that further improvement of technologies should be focused on the transition to more use of biological agents to increase yields. Researchers have shown that the effectiveness of the use of humid preparations GK-6M, GK-4MK, GK-MK - on crops of spring barley Dokuchaivsky 15, due to foliar feeding of plants in the tiller ring phase. The main justification of the article is the results of field research conducted in 2015–2019. Maximum indicators, namely: increase in leaf area by 46–38 %, stem height by 8,3 cm; the number of grains in the ear – 4,8 pieces; ear lengths – 1,9 cm; mass of grain in the ear – 0,33 g; masses of 1000 grains – at 12,0 %; nature of grain – 34,9 g – was obtained by treating plants with humid preparation GK-6M. Foliar feeding of plants in the tiller ring phase with the studied drugs provided the largest increase in the yield of spring barley grain – 1,08 t/ha, provided the use of growth stimulant GK-6M. A slightly smaller effect of foliar fertilization of plants on the yield of spring barley was observed from the growth stimulator GK-4MK – the increase in grain yield was 0,83 t/ha and from the growth stimulant GK-MK – the increase in grain yield – 0,66 t/ha. The obtained increments are significant, mathematically proven. Further improvement of agrotechnologies due to wider use of biological means of increase of productivity and quality of production is offered. Keywords: spring barley, plant growth stimulants, foliar feeding, yield.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria BOROVINOVA ◽  
Vilina PETROVA ◽  
Svetla MANEVA

The presented study aimed to determine apples trunk and branch diseases and pests in three growing systems conventional, integrated and biological (organic). The investigations were made on an experimental apple orchard (1 ha) of the Institute of Agriculture at Kyustendil, Southwest Bulgaria in four consecutive years from 2007 to 2010. Three scab resistant cultivars Prima, Florina and Erwin Baur grafted on rootstocks MM106 were planted in 1996. The orchard was divided into four plots. One plot was treated conventionally with a normal pesticide programme, two plots were treated integrated according to the general principles, rules and standards of integrated apple production and one plot for biological (organic). The monitoring of pests and diseases and assessment of their density were done every two weeks. It was established that during the experimental period important disease and pests on apple trees in different growing systems were black rot Botryosphaeria obtusa, apple clearwig moth Synanthedon myopaeformis and shorthole borer Scolytus rugulosus. The damages by trunk and branch diseases and pests on apple were considerable higher in biological growing system. The mean rate of attack of cultivar Erwin Baur by Botryosphaeria obtusa in biological and conventional growing systems was 52.35% and 4.65%, respectively. The percentage of damaged by Scolytus rugulosus trunk and branch area per tree reach to 58.74 in biological and 0.23 in conventional system. Reduced vitality of apple trees growing with out pesticides and mineral fertilizers in biological growing system was the reason for strong infection of Botryosphaeria obtusa and attack of Synanthedon myopaeformis and Scolytus rugulosus.


Author(s):  
Everson Oliveira MACHADO ◽  
Everton Oliveira MACHADO ◽  
Alessandra de Lourdes BALLARIS ◽  
Marcelo Romero Ramos da SILVA

O mamoeiro é umas das plantas frutíferas mais comuns em quase todos os países da América Tropical. Um dos principais problemas na cadeia produtiva da cultura de mamão é obter bom manejo do material propagativo e garantir uniformidade e qualidade de estande, sendo para isso necessária a obtenção de mudas de qualidades fisiológicas e sanitárias adequadas.  A utilização de produtos alternativos vem demonstrando efeitos significativos no desenvolvimento radicular de várias plantas, o que beneficia a formação de um pomar de maneira rápida, homogênea, permitindo assim a antecipação da colheita e maior lucratividade ao produtor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do organomineral em diferentes doses na produção de mudas da cultura do mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, em condições de ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro de mudas do Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul - UNIFUNEC, Campus II. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com seis tratamentos (0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,200; 0,300 e 0,400 kg tratamento de organomineral) e quatro repetições (6X4), utilizando 5 saquinhos por repetição, totalizando 120 saquinhos. Os dados biométricos analisados foram altura da planta (cm); comprimento da raiz (cm); diâmetro do caule (cm); massa úmida e seca da área foliar (g) e massa úmida e seca da raiz (g), aos 60 dias após plantio. Com base nos dados obtidos dos caracteres agronômicos analisados, conclui-se que o uso das doses 0,050; 0,100; 0,200 e 0,300 kg por tratamento de fertilizante organomineral promoveu a obtenção de mudas de mamoeiro com maior qualidade fisiológica que são imprescindíveis na formação de pomares comerciais.   REVIEW OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZERS FOR PAPAYA SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT   ABSTRACT The papaya tree is one of the most common fruit trees in almost all Tropical American countries. One of the main issues in the papaya cultivation production chain is obtaining good management of propagative material and provide uniformity and quality for sales quality assurance, being to this end necessary to obtain physiological and sanitary appropriate seedling. The use of alternative products has demonstrated significant effects on the root development of several plants, benefiting a fast, homogeneous formation of an orchard, resulting in the anticipation of the harvest and higher profitability for the farmers. This paper aims at reviewing the organic mineral in different doses to produce papaya tree seedling from cultivar Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, in environment-protected conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul - UNIFUNEC, Campus II greenhouse. The trial design chosen was the completely randomized blocks, with 6 treatments (0; 0,050; 0,100; 0,200; 0,300, and 0,400 kg organic mineral treatment), and four repetitions (6X4), using 5 small bags per repetition, total 120 small bags. Biometric data analyzed was the plant height (cm); root length (cm); stem diameter (cm); wet and dry mass of the leaf area (g), and wet and dry mass of the root area (g), 60 days after planting. Based on the data obtained from agronomic characters analyzed, it was concluded that the use of 0,050; 0,100; 0,200, and 0,300 kg doses per treatment with organic mineral fertilizer provided papaya tree seedling with higher physiological quality which are vital for the commercial formation of orchards.   Keywords: Carica papaya L. Seedling. Propagation.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document