Taraxacum mirabile, an enigmatic sexual halophilous endemic dandelion, represents a new section

Taraxacum mirabile Wagenitz (Asteraceae, Cichorieae, Crepidinae), a remarkable but taxonomically unexplored endemic species of Central Anatolia, is examined in detail. It is shown to be a sexually reproducing diploid (2n=16) species. It used to be included in Taraxacum sect. Orientalia in the literature. However, the nrDNA analysis revealed that T. mirabile is remote from that section. Moreover, it exhibits a number of unique features, such as fleshy leaves with a white, cartilaginous apex, long, dense, bright white tomentum at the plant base, multiple root heads, achenes with an extremely short conical cone and with very few minute spinules, a very narrow involucre with imbricate outer phyllaries, and white, not numerous florets. The most specific feature of T. mirabile is the fine, microscopic sculpture of achene surface, consisting of hair-like protuberances, not known in other Taraxacum species. These attributes, together with the convincing result of the nrDNA analysis, qualify T. mirabile to be recognized as a member of a separate section, T. sect. Echinulata, sect. nov. The habitat and distribution of T. mirabile are described, and the character of its endemism is discussed.

Diagnosis and possible use of Traditional Medicinal Plant to combat COVID-19

: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 has turned into a serious public health concern around the globe. Due to its high adaptability in every environment, this novel virus has outspread like fire as compared to SARS and MERS but the fatality rate is lower. This outbreak has caused illness to many people worldwide. Specially, people with lung problems and other chronic diseases are at high risk. Although there has been a convincing result in the use of chemically synthesis drugs, it has various limitations and needs performance for the treatment of the novel coronavirus. Therefore, a medicinal plant might provide a solution for the novel virus along with the recent advancement in computational methods that have paved a new path to operate complex molecules which will ultimately result in discovering new and advanced drugs. In this review, we have summarized and analyze plant-based natural product which can be used to boost the immune system or act as a remedy for patients suffering from a novel virus. This review also focuses on the structure of COVID-19, various diagnostics tools, preventive measures, and data analysis of the novel Coronavirus of India.

Just an Etymological Note: The Case of Megrelian aӡmax-i, azmax-i ‘puddle, pool, pond’

It is a well-known fact that the stage of etymological research forms a quite slippery floor in particular when dealing with possible loans from tongues beyond the domain of one’s specialization. The present article is concerned with a case where a narrow, i.e. an internal caucasological view on the etymology of a word delivers already a quite plausible and convincing result, which, however, in a wider areal framing, offering a serious alternative, appears to be untenable. This alternative, definitely a preferable view, focusing on the word’s Turkish origin, will be introduced through a thorough discussion highlighting many aspects relevant for robust etymological research. The term in question is, of course, TURKISH azmak ‘marshland, swamp’.

CS_TOTR: A new vertex centrality method for directed signed networks based on status theory

Measuring the importance (or centrality) of vertices in a network is a significant topic in complex network analysis, which has significant applications in diverse domains, for example, disease control, spread of rumors, viral marketing and so on. Existing studies mainly focus on social networks with only positive (or friendship) relations, while signed networks with also negative (or enemy) relations are seldom studied. Various signed networks commonly exist in real world, e.g. a network indicating friendship/enmity, love/hate or trust/mistrust relationships. In this paper, we propose a new centrality method named CS_TOTR to give a ranking of vertices in directed signed networks. To design this new method, we use the “status theory” for signed networks, and also adopt the vertex ranking algorithm for a tournament and the topological sorting algorithm for a general directed graph. We apply this new centrality method on the famous Sampson Monastery dataset and obtain a convincing result which shows its validity.

The Stratified Significance of a Historic Façade as a Basis for a more Durable Conservation Approach

In heritage conservation, a gap is often observed between the theory of conservation as a durable process that aims at the preservation of a historic building and the practice of restoration as a single intervention that aims at a fast and convincing result. This paper describes the proposed approach for the conservation of the main façade of the Shoemakers Chapel (in Dutch: Schoenmakerskapel) in Antwerp (Belgium), a listed monument since 1976. It serves as an example of how to develop a durable and realistic approach for the conservation of a sixteenth century façade. The basis for the conservation approach is the understanding that each intervention should take the stratified significance of the historic façade into account. In this paper, it will be shown how to combine a study of the façade from a technical point of view with an analysis of the façade as a carrier of cultural significance.

Kajian Atmosfir Terkendali untuk Memperlambat Penurunan Mutu Buah Mangga Arumanis selama Penyimpanan

<p>Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv Arumanis) which is one of Indonesia’s tropical fruits having a high potency to be developed as an export commodity. Limited volumes of the fruit have been exported using air cargo and attempts in using sea freights with reefer containers for long distance market had not given convincing result. Therefore, efforts in optimizing the use of a reefer container are essential. Investigations, were performed in order to decelerate the deterioration fruits which involved different combined concentrations of O2 and CO2 gases during storage of Arumanis mango at cold (12+1.5oC) and room (28+2oC) temperatures. Four different combined gases of O2 and CO2, namely 5% O2 and 5 % CO2; 5% O2 and 10% CO2; 10% O2 and 5% CO2; and 10% O2 and 10% CO2 were surged surrounding the fruits stored at the cold and room temperatures. Fruits without treatments with the combined gases were prepared as kontrols. The investigation indicated that the cold temperature of storage was still the best way to slowing down the deterioration of the fruit. There were no significant different effects on the rate of deterioration among the fruits treated with the different combined concentrations of O2 and CO2. The controlled atmospheres, however, were better for storing the fruits compared to those stored without controlled atmosphere.</p><p><br />Key words: controlled atmosphere, Arumanis, mango</p>

The Fully Automatic Radar Plotter in the Context of Some Past Collisions—I

In 196 two papers by Captain Wylie on ‘Legal aspects of radar and collision’ were published in this Journal (18, 203, 402). Captain Wylie here reviews some of these cases, and other similar cases, in the light of the further information that might have been available on the bridge had the vessels concerned been equipped with modern automatic radar plotting equipment.The object of this series is to examine the circumstances of a number of collisions, selected at random, to see whether the various encounters would have been likely to develop adversely had either or both ships been equipped with a fully automatic radar plotter (FARP). The argument could of course have been developed using various devised situations, but it was felt that a more convincing result would be achieved against a background of documented disasters. All the incidents chosen have been the subjects of Court Cases or Official Investigations; only in the Andrea Doria–Stockholm collision was there no conclusion, as the case was withdrawn from the New York District Court after the taking of evidence from the deck officers.