Female Adnexal Tumour of Wolffian Origin: A Rare Case Report

Female Adnexal Tumour of Wolffian Origin (FATWO) is a rare tumour occurring in adnexal region, arising from the remnants of the mesonephric duct, in places like the broad ligament, fallopian tube, ovarian hilum, peritoneum. Here the authors have reported a case of FATWO in a 47-year-old woman occurring in the wall of fallopian tube and confirmed with immunohistochemistry. Most of these tumours behave in a benign fashion but certain histological features like hypercellularity, cellular pleomorphism and nuclear atypia cause significant confusion in histopathological diagnosis. Multiple differential diagnoses were considered. After careful histopathological examination and thorough investigation with multiple immunohistochemical stains, the diagnosis was ultimately established.

Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Histopathology and Clinical and Prognostic Implications

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinomas are rare kidney tumors with generally indolent behavior. As the name suggests, classic histomorphology reveals bland spindle cells, tubules, and mucinous stroma. Uncommon histologic features include mucin-poor stroma, high nuclear grade, cellular pleomorphism, and presence of necrosis. Rare cases can show aggressive growth and distant metastasis. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma has characteristic chromosomal abnormalities and the molecular signature remains the same, irrespective of the varied histomorphology.

Lacrimal gland adenoma in a sheep

The lacrimal gland is a diamond-shaped, tubuloalveolar gland that secretes the serous component of tears. A four-year-old female crossbreed sheep suffering from left eye protrusion was referred to a Veterinary Hospital. Ophthalmic examination revealed epiphora, superficial ulcerative keratitis, corneal edema and neovascularisation. Moreover, ultrasound examination showed a large heterogeneous mass with variable reflectivity in the intraconal and extraconal spaces. Grossly, a 2.5×1.5×0.5 cm oval firm grayish mass was observed. Histopathologically, the mass was composed mainly by tubules with two cell types including cuboidal luminal epithelial cells and peripheral myoepithelial cells. The tubular structures were separated by proliferating myoepithelial cells. Mitotic figures, cellular pleomorphism and atypia were not seen. Immunohistochemically, most of the luminal epithelial cells showed an immunopositive reaction with a cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) marker. On the basis of these findings, the mass was diagnosed as a lacrimal gland adenoma.

Spinal cord anaplastic meningioma with extra-neural metastasis in a cat

ABSTRACT: Meningiomas are the most frequent neoplasms involving the brain in dogs and cats, and are occasionally observed in the spinal cord. They cause compression of the central nervous system; however, do not infiltrate the neuropile and rarely metastasize to other organs. The present study describes a case of anaplastic spinal meningioma with extra neural metastasis in a 20 years-old cat. Clinically, the feline presented a clinical history of 120 days with paresis of the hind limbs and loss of the tail’s movements, with subsequent death. At necropsy, there was an irregular and soft whitish mass involving the meninges from the lumbar intumescence to the sacral region of the spinal cord. Similar white nodular masses were observed in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Microscopically, both were composed of a poorly limited and infiltrative neoplastic proliferation composed by spindle, round and epithelioid cells, with a high cellular pleomorphism. On IHC, there was a severe immunostaining for vimentin and S100. Histopathologic and IHC analysis are important tools for definitive diagnosis of meningiomas in cats, and differentiation of other common neurologic disorders in these animals.

Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid and cellular atypia: a rare case report

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is always a benign tumor with rare incidence of recurrence while ameloblastoma is the commonest gnathic tumor, which is always aggressive. Although co-occurrence of these lesions has been reported, this paper describes a homogenous combination of <em>atypical</em> AOT and ameloblastomatous proliferation with some malignant microscopic features. To date, A dozen cases or slightly more of this uncommon composite odontogenic tumor have been, quite correctly, reported in the literature under the designation of <em>adenoid ameloblastoma</em>. Of these, neither cellular atypia nor pleomorphism has been revealed. This extremely rare ameloblastomatous variant can pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Moreover, there were some findings of severe nuclear vacuolization, mitotic figures, cellular pleomorphism and nuclear hyperchromatism and chromatin peripheralization. However, the scattered occurrence of these was not sufficient for claiming a malignancy. To confirm, two immunohistochemical markers - Calretinin and p53 - were recruited. Rendering itself to be suspicious, a rapt attention should be paid toward well interrogating this lesion histologically and immunohistochemically.

Analysis of the corneal endothelium in eyes of chickens using contact specular microscopy

The corneal endothelium is a single layer of polygonal cells essential for corneal transparency. The objective of this study was to assess the parameters corneal endothelial cells in healthy chickens of different ages using a contact specular microscopy. A total 36 eyes of 18 chickens were evaluated in this study. After the humane slaughter of birds and subconjunctival enucleation, the eye bulbs were arranged into three groups according to the age of the chickens. Group 1 consisted of bulbs eyes of 6 chickens with ages ranging from 1 to 3 months old. Group 2 consisted of ocular bulbs 6 chickens with ages ranging from 5 to 12 months old. Group 3 consisted of bulbs eyes of 6 chickens with ages ranging from 24 to 40 months old. The contact specular microscopy was easy to perform and provided data such as endothelial cell density, average cell area and cellular pleomorphism. The results obtained with a contact specular microscopy revealed that the aging causes a decrease in the density of the corneal endothelium healthy chickens. Similarly, increasing the average endothelial cell area as well as the pleomorphism occurs. The present work suggests that the parameters of corneal endothelium of healthy chickens present change with advancing age.

Analysis of the corneal endothelium in eyes of chickens using contact specular microscopy

The corneal endothelium is a single layer of polygonal cells essential for corneal transparency. The objective of this study was to assess the parameters corneal endothelial cells in healthy chickens of different ages using a contact specular microscopy. A total 36 eyes of 18 chickens were evaluated in this study. After the humane slaughter of birds and subconjunctival enucleation, the eye bulbs were arranged into three groups according to the age of the chickens. Group 1 consisted of bulbs eyes of 6 chickens with ages ranging from 1 to 3 months old. Group 2 consisted of ocular bulbs 6 chickens with ages ranging from 5 to 12 months old. Group 3 consisted of bulbs eyes of 6 chickens with ages ranging from 24 to 40 months old. The contact specular microscopy was easy to perform and provided data such as endothelial cell density, average cell area and cellular pleomorphism. The results obtained with a contact specular microscopy revealed that the aging causes a decrease in the density of the corneal endothelium healthy chickens. Similarly, increasing the average endothelial cell area as well as the pleomorphism occurs. The present work suggests that the parameters of corneal endothelium of healthy chickens present change with advancing age.

Epidemiological and morphological analysis of feline injection site sarcomas

Feline injection site sarcomas (FISS) are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin which arise in sites of injections in cats. The prevalence is estimated between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 10 000 vaccinations in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of FISS in Poland and to analyse clinical aspects and histological and cytological features of injection site sarcomas. In our study the prevalence of FISS was 0.16% (16 FISS on 10.000 of cats) in feline patients in one of a veterinary surgery which conducts the general practice and 85 on 10.000 cats in a practice focused on veterinary oncology. The most typical microscopic features of FISS found in the present analysis were: the presence of perilesional scarring and inflammation, aggregates of lymphocytes at the tumour periphery, moderate but usually marked cellular pleomorphism and intralesional necrosis. The most typical cytologic features of FISS found in present study were: the presence of neutrophils, marked cellular pleomorphism, the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, the presence of extremely large nuclei in the neoplastic cells, and high sample cellularity.

Cytomorphometry of canine cutaneous histiocytoma

A morphometric analysis of tumoral Langerhans cells and activated macrophages was conducted using canine cutaneous tumors (65 cases of canine cutaneous histiocytoma and 7 cases of pyogranuloma). The histiocytic origin of the tumor cells was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. The parameters of the morphometric analysis included cellular and nuclear size and shape and the nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio; the variability of these features was calculated separately for each tumor. The canine cutaneous histiocytoma group was divided into four stages of regression depending on the intensity of the lymphocytic infiltration. Statistical analysis revealed that the anisocytosis, anisokaryosis and cellular pleomorphism of tumoral Langerhans cells increased, while the cellular circularity and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio decreased with tumor regression. Activated macrophages of the pyogranuloma were significantly larger, and had larger nuclei, than tumoral Langerhans cells. Furthermore, these activated macrophages showed greater anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and a lower nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio than tumoral Langerhans cells in the first stages of tumor regression. These results indicate that tumoral Langerhans cells undergo morphologic changes during the regression of canine cutaneous histiocytoma, reflecting their maturation and differentiation. Morphometry can be a useful method for distinguishing activated macrophages from tumoral Langerhans cells.

Vaginal leiomyosarcoma in a cow from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings associated with a vaginal leiomyosarcoma in a 12-year-old, Senepol breed of cow from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais are described. The animal had a large ulcerative neoplastic growth that originated between the base and the left-lateral vaginal wall. Histopathology revealed a tumor formed by muscle-like cells that demonstrated cellular pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, prominent and multiple nucleoli, with rare tumor giant cells. The neoplastic growth invaded adjacent adipose tissue, and contained areas of hemorrhage with discrete accumulations of inflammatory cells. By immunohistochemistry, most neoplastic cells expressed actin, while immunoreactivity to desmin was weakly expressed. These findings support a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, and represent the first description of a bovine vaginal leiomyosarcoma from Brazil.