Households’ Perception of Fruits and Vegetables Consumption in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria

This study assessed respondents’ perception of fruits and vegetables consumption in the study area. Relevant data were collected from one hundred and twenty (120) randomly sampled households. Data were analyzed as appropriate. Results showed that 68.3% of the respondents were females, 96.7% had varying degrees of formal education while means of household size and monthly income were 4±2 persons and ₦57,500±23,300, respectively. Respondents had strong perception for the facts that vegetables can be easily incorporated into meals than fruits, fruits have more nutritional benefits than vegetables and too much consumption of fruits and vegetables lead to running stomach and watery stool ranking 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively but weak perception for the facts that fruits can be easily incorporated into meals than vegetables, excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables can cause stomach ulcer and fruits and vegetables are often costlier than real food items ranked 8th, 9th and 10th, respectively. Seasonality, availability and taste and preference were the major constraints to fruits and vegetables consumption in the study area. The study concluded that there were misperceptions on consumption of fruits and vegetables and recommended value re-orientation on nutritional and health benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption in the study area.

To the question of a possible connection between stomach ulcers and nephrolithiasis

More than a hundred years have passed since he was a French physician and anatomist. Cruvelier gave the first description of a stomach ulcer. The centuries-old path traversed is interesting and diverse.

Research of antiulcer activity of dietary concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples on models of experimental ulcer in rats.

Medicinal plants have been widely used in the treatment of many diseases, especially in the gastroenterology, given that the use of synthetic antiulcer drugs in clinical practice often leads to the development of various kinds of side effects and, accordingly, have a large list of contraindications. The aim of this experimental work was the study of the antiulcer activity of the food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples on the models of experimental ulcers in rats. Materials and methods. The studies included two stages, which were carried out on models: stage I – a model of alcohol–prednisolone stomach ulcer in rats, stage II – a model of indomethacin stomach ulcer in rats in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the SEC of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The studied concentrate was administered in a dose based on the total content of polyphenols – 9 mg per 100 g of weight. Quercetin at a dose of 5 mg / kg and ranitidine at a dose of 20 mg / kg were used as reference drugs. After replicating the models, a macroscopic examination of the gastric mucosa was carried out and the content of TBA-reactants and reduced glutathione in the stomach homogenate was determined. Results. Under pathological conditions, the therapeutic effect of the food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples and reference drugs was comparable in terms of the degree of ulcer defect. It was proved that food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples and reference drugs inhibit the course of lipid peroxidation reactions and support endogenous antioxidant defense systems. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend a further study of the food concentrate of phenolic compounds of apples for the creation of a pharmaceutical preparation on its basis. A promising area of application of this concentrate will be the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer

Study of Development problems dynamics of Ukrainian market of stomach ulcer treatment drugs

This article presents the analysis results of Ukrainian pharmaceutical market segment of stomach ulcer treatment drugs. It was determined that, judging by the quantitative indexes, Ukrainian market of anti-ulcer medication is an actively developing structure that maintains the stability of its development qualitative characteristics nonetheless. For example, during two years (01 June 2016 – 01 June 2018) the quantities of medicinal products and companies that represent these products in Ukraine have both grown: from 396 to 448 names (13.13%) and from 90 companies (25 of them Ukrainian) to 98 (28, correspondingly). On the background of quantity growth of Ukrainian-made drugs from 84 (2016) to 92 (2018), the specified market segment has shown significant dependency on import. For example, the proportion (%) of foreign production drugs has grown from 78.79% (2016) to 79.46% (2018). KRKA is an uncontested leader by the quantity of marketed medicinal products (2016 – 28 products, 2018 – 32 products). The products of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited are presented in the second place (22 and 23 products, corresponding to the years under study). The products of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories take the third place (20 and 21 products, corresponding to the years under study). The said pharmaceutical market segment has kept its monopolistic pattern of distribution as judged by the manufacturing companies whose products are presented in Ukraine, and by international non-proprietary names of products and their pharmacotherapeutic groups. For example, just 8 foreign manufacturing companies were responsible for 40.17% (2016) and 31.92% (2018) of imported assortment of anti-ulcer drugs, and 7 domestic companies were responsible for 64.29% (2016) and 61.54% (2018) of domestic assortment of these drugs. In 2016 75.76% and in 2018 – 71.65% of the whole assortment of anti-ulcer drugs were presented by the drugs from the following groups: A02B-Drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (Gord), A02BC Proton pump inhibitors (55.30% and 50.22%, corresponding to the years under study). Five drugs (A02BC02-Pantoprazole, A02BC01-Omeprazole, A02BC05-Esomeprazole, A02BC03-Lansoprazole, A02BD Combinations for eradication of Helicobacter pylori) presented more than a half of marketed assortment of anti-ulcer products (2016 – 56.57%, and 2018 – 55.14%). Tableted dosage forms (2016 – 58.33%, and 2018 – 55.80%) and drugs of synthetic origin (2016 – 76.26%, and 2018 – 78.13%) have kept their leading positions on the market. Authors have discovered that during 2015-2018 the average retail prices of anti-ulcer drugs have shown the trend of systematic growth. The highest growth of average retail prices was observed for A02BX13-Alginic acid ( avg.=1.37), and the lowest ‒ for A02BC06-Dexlansoprazole ( avg.=1.04). The given above characteristics of the market segment that was studied allow us to state the need to develop and establish the national program of import substitution for the assortment of anti-ulcer drugs in Ukraine.

«Low-Invasive» A Way Of Surgical Treatment Ulcer Pyloric-Duodenal Stenosis

The pyloric-duodenal stenosis (PDS) concerns frequent complications of stomach ulcer and takes the third place after such life-threatening complications duodenal ulcers as punching and ulcer gastrointestinal bleedings. Frequency of occurrence ulcer PDS makes, according to different researchers, 10-18 % and are diagnosed mainly for patients with is long proceeding duodenal an ulcer. Quite often there is simultaneous combination PDS to other complications of stomach ulcer of a duodenal gut that by all means complicates treatment tactics.

Antiulcer Effects of Methanol Extract of Euphorbia hirta and Honey Combination in Rats

Stomach ulcer is an endemic gastrointestinal disorder which constitutes a major public health problem all over the world. Stomach ulcer results when there is an imbalance between the protective factors (mucus and bicarbonate) and aggressive factors (acid and pepsin) in the stomach. Dried powdered leaves and stem of the phytomedicine Euphorbia hirta (E. hirta) (1000 g) was extracted with methanol using a soxhlet apparatus. The evaluation of the phytochemical constituents of E. hirta and acute toxicity (to ascertain the safety of using the phytomedicine over a short period of time) was carried out. The antiulcer and gastroprotective effects of crude extract of E. hirta combined with honey in rats were evaluated. The study model using 0.6 M HCl model of ulceration was used to evaluate the antiulcer and gastroprotective activities of the phytomedicine. The soxhlet extraction of E. hirta gave a yield of 54.5 g of crude extract (5.45%). Phytochemical screening of E. hirta showed that the extract contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, and unsaturated steroids. Acute toxicity studies showed that LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The study showed that the crude extract of E. hirta at 200 mg/kg when administered alone had 54% inhibition of ulceration while when administered together with honey increased to 94% inhibition of ulceration, but honey alone had 89.47% inhibition of ulceration. This implied that E. hirta when combined with honey had a synergistic effect and enhanced the inhibition of ulceration, and this could be seen by the protection of the gastric mucosa. The study of the phytomedicine E. hirta combined with honey revealed that the phytomedicine has antiulcer activities against 0.6 M HCl-induced gastric ulcer in rats. This therefore validates usage and claim by the Igbo people of the southeastern part of Nigeria that the phytomedicine of E. hirta combined with honey has good antiulcer potential.

Radioiodination and biological evaluation of Cimetidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection

One of the most famous techniques for stomach ulcer imaging is the nuclear imaging technique. We aim to focus on the synthesis of 125I-cimetidine (125I-cim) as an agent for peptic ulcer imaging. Cimetidine was labeled with Iodine-125 using a different oxidizing agent (Ch-T, NBS). All factors affecting the labeling yield were optimized. The radiochemical yield of 125I-cim was 98 ± 0.22% at optimum conditions. In vitro stability, in vivo biodistribution of 125I-cimetidine was studied in three groups: control group, pretreated group, and ulcer bearing group. In vivo biodistribution studies of 125I-cim revealed high uptake in the stomach ulcer, reaching about 75.4 ± 1.2% ID/g at 15 min post-injection, than pretreated groups compared to the control. The results showed the suitability of using 125I-cimetidine for stomach ulcer imaging.