scholarly journals Application of precision farming technologies for chemical protection of grain crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032083
Author(s):  
F A Kipriyanov ◽  
D V Shemnyakov ◽  
P A Savinykh ◽  
V A Smelik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Gps Navigation ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chemical Materials

Abstract The current trend of development of agricultural production brings heightened requirements to the quality and safety of products forcing the producers to change the technologies profoundly with providing balance between gross output of production and its safety, and maintaining the stability of agro-ecosystem. The main directions of implementation of this trend is application of technologies of precision farming which constitutes in pre-dosed and addressed fertilizing and application of chemical materials to protect plants. One of the directions of efficiency improvement in the sphere of plant protection is the application of GPS-navigation which monitors the quantity of applied liquid and moving aggregates used for herbicide application. While carrying out the study of efficiency of application of the parallel driving system with the use of GPS-navigation during the chemical weeding of barley seeds of the sort “Otra” in conditions of the Vologda region it was found out that application of the system of parallel driving allowed reducing the amount of sections with the repeated herbicide treatment. This leads to the lowering of quantity of applied herbicides and positively affects the grain crop yield providing the reduction of costs for dilution to treat more than 1, 2 times.

scholarly journals The use of automatic and parallel driving systems in agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the efficiency of their use

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Yuriy Polischuk ◽  
Nikolay Laptev ◽  
Artem Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Gps Navigation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Indices

Abstract. Precision farming systems are being intensively introduced into the agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the data of development firms and dealerships centers, precision farming allows the cost of fertilizing, seeds, plant protection products and fuels and lubricants to be reduced by an average of 20 %. In doing so, the possibilities of obtaining efficiency from the use of precision farming systems under certain conditions of their use have not been fully studied. The aim of the work was to determine the impact of parallel and automatic driving systems on the technical and operational as well as economic indices during comparative tests in the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research methods. During process of conducting comparative tests, the test conditions, agrotechnical, energy, operational and technological as well as economic indices of aggregates equipped with parallel and automatic driving systems and without systems were determined. All indices were determined in accordance with the requirements of current state standards. Results. In the article are presented the results of comparative tests of a self-moving sprayer on chemical weeding of wheat and flax crops, as well as a combine harvester for wheat harvesting in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The use of GPS navigation and automatic control on the chemical weeding of grain and oilseeds crops contributes to an increase in productivity by 14.6 %, reduction in specific energy consumption by 8 %, fuel consumption by 17.0 %, and working fluid consumption by 14.5 %. In doing so, the total cost of money is reduced by 9 %, the annual savings of the total cost of money is 6562.6 thousand tenge (1093.7 thousand rubles). Using a parallel driving system (GPS-navigation with a course indicator) for harvesting wheat leads to an increase productivity by 2.1 %, reduction of total cost of money by 3 %, labor costs and specific fuel consumption by 1.4 %, while the annual savings of total cost of money is 233.4 thousand tenge (38.9 thousand rubles). The scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the influence of parallel and automatic driving systems on the technical, operational and economic performance of machine-tractor units was studied for the first time.

Organizational and Economic Aspects of Increasing the Efficiency of Agricultural Production Based on Precision Farming Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
V. Neyfel'd ◽  
M. Kadomceva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
State Management ◽  
Level Of Use

The article shows various aspects of increasing the efficiency of production of products of the plant growing sub-sector based on the introduction of precision farming technologies. An economic model for determining the potential for the introduction of precise technologies is presented, including the analysis of variable factors of production and the determination of the marginal product of labor in crop production, taking into account the acreage, yield, variable and fixed costs, the level of fertilization, plant protection products, profit and other factors. A significant regional differentiation in the level of use of precision farming technologies is revealed. The key factors that determine regional differentiation in the size of areas where elements of precision farming are used and the level of use of digitalization means in agricultural production have been identified. On the example of the Saratov region, the economic efficiency of the introduction of a precision farming system, including systems of parallel driving, differentiated sowing, differentiated fertilization, and harvesting logistics, has been proved. The directions of improving the system of state management of crop production using precision farming technologies based on the geographic information system of the region, including natural and cost indicators of crop production, distributed by geographic coordinates and aggregated with databases of commodity producers and cadastral land registration, have been developed.

Improving the methods to improve the stability of hydrotechnical structures in Yakutia

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
M LOSKIN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Agricultural Water Supply ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
The Stability

Problems of providing the population and agricultural production by qualitative potable and process water in the Central Yakutia are covered. This territory belongs to the region with acute shortage of water resources which is always a limiting factor of development of agricultural production. For the solution of this burning issue in the 80th years of the last century along the small rivers the systems of hydraulic engineering constructions providing requirements with process water practically of all settlements of the Central Yakutia were constructed. At a construction of all hydraulic engineering buildings the method of construction with preservation of soils of the basis of constructions in a frozen state was applied. When warming the climate which is observed in recent years hydraulic engineering constructions built in regions of a wide spread occurance of breeds of an ice complex and with the considerable volume of water weight, were especially vulnerable. On character and a design they experience continuous threat of damage and demand very attentive relation from the operating organizations. Taking this into account, safe operation of hydraulic engineering constructions in a zone of distribution of permafrost breeds demands new approaches. The article examines features of hydraulic engineering constructions’ operation of agricultural water supply objects in the Central Yakutia. Distinctiveness of hydraulic engineering constructions’ operation is that stability of constructions is intimately bound to temperature impact of a reservoir on ground dams’ body and the basis of constructions. The possibility of inclusion of ways for an intensification of a freezing of constructions in the structure of operational actions is studied. The new method on safe operation of hydraulic engineering constructions as prewinter abatement of the water level in a reservoir accounting volumes and norms of water consumption of the settlement is offered.

Territorial Features of Application of Precision Farming Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
E.A. Skvortsov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Gusev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Production Growth

The article discusses the issues of territorial patterns in the implementation of precision farming technologies, which are insufficiently studied and constitute a significant scientific problem. The purpose of the study is to identify the territorial patterns of the introduction of precision farming technologies in conjunction with the indicators of agricultural development in the regions. The number of applied precision farming technologies was clarified, 37 regions took part in the study, 24 of them provided information on the application of these technologies. The results of correlation of regional development indicators (12 indicators in three blocks) and the amount of equipment with precision farming elements are presented. The greatest positive correlation is observed between the introduction of precision farming technologies and the agricultural production index at comparable prices (0.51) and the level of subsidies (0.37). The greatest negative correlation is observed between the introduction of these technologies and the change in the registered unemployment rate (-0.3). Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that in regions with high values of agricultural production growth and subsidies, precision farming technologies will be most intensively introduced.

An extended optimal velocity difference model in a cooperative driving system

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550054
Author(s):  
Jinliang Cao ◽  
Zhongke Shi ◽  
Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Linear Stability Theory ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
De Vries ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Theoretical Results

An extended optimal velocity (OV) difference model is proposed in a cooperative driving system by considering multiple OV differences. The stability condition of the proposed model is obtained by applying the linear stability theory. The results show that the increase in number of cars that precede and their OV differences lead to the more stable traffic flow. The Burgers, Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equations are derived to describe the density waves in the stable, metastable and unstable regions, respectively. To verify these theoretical results, the numerical simulation is carried out. The theoretical and numerical results show that the stabilization of traffic flow is enhanced by considering multiple OV differences. The traffic jams can be suppressed by taking more information of cars ahead.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of climate change on Mongolia’s plant protection status quo

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Batkhuyag B ◽  
Batnaran Kh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Wide Range

Mongolia’s 2030 Sustainable Development Vision set a goal to be a self-sufficient in grain, potatoes and vegetables by 2030. However, Mongolia’s pastoral animal husbandry and rain-fed agriculture are extremely sensitive to climate change. The Asian migratory locust is considered as the most harmful grasshopper in the world. Until 1970th, these locust’s distribution areas in Mongolia were confined to oasis of Gobi deserts. A study on Asian migratory locust in Russia predicts distribution and formation of new permanent habitats of the locust in Chita oblast, Krasnoyarsk territory and Republic of Tyva. The Colorado beetle is one of the world’s most infamous invasive species due to its rapid adaptation to a wide range of ecological conditions and ability to disperse long distances. The climate modeling of Colorado beetle showed that with current trend, the beetle will expand its distribution into the most eastern and north-eastern regions of the Russian Federation. In China, the Colorado beetle was first detected in Xinjiang in 1993 and subsequently spread eastward. In China the Colorado beetle is currently expanding its areas at rate of 25 kms year (12-45 kms/year). Both species’ distribution patterns in neighboring countries show eventual establishment of permanent habitats around Mongolia. Their invasion to Mongolia will threaten country’s food security due to direct destruction of cereal and potato crops, and increased application of highly toxic pesticides. In light of these threats, Mongolia should start taking serious preventive measures by increasing surveillance and dedicated risk assessment studies for potential agricultural pests and diseases.

The Global Competitiveness and Comparative Advantages of Agri-Food Sectors

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Balance

In this chapter the emphasis was put on the analysis of indicators of Agri-food sector at the global level, aimed to point out readers to the level of global competitiveness and comparative advantage of Agri-food sector. After reading this chapter readers will be informed on the current structure of agricultural production. They will be able to understand the connection between changes in arable land in the world with the current trend in agricultural production. Readers will be able to understand the role and significance of agricultural and food products production, as the potential for the performance on international market. Indicators of trade of agri-food products, volume of export/import, balance and the coverage of import by export will be analysed. Readers will be able to evaluate the role of some products in turnover globally. They will understand which products are the carriers of export/import in the world and whether such position is in correlation with the existence of a positive comparative advantage of export and intra-industrial exchange. Readers will find out that the foreign exchange of food has a negative balance, which affects the existence of a negative comparative advantage of agri-food products export. They will be introduced also to other authors' attitudes. Special contribution of this chapter is in defining the directives for future research.

scholarly journals Organic versus Conventional Farming—A Paradigm for the Sustainable Development of the European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia-Elena Cristache ◽  
Mariana Vuță ◽  
Erika Marin ◽  
Sorin-Iulian Cioacă ◽  
Mihai Vuţă
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Level ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
The Impact

Although organic farming is an important topic for society, at the European level there have been few achievements so far. Despite its constant increase, the demand for organic food in Europe is outweighing the development of this sector. As such, we aim to assess the interaction between conventional and organic agriculture, as well as their impact on the value of agricultural production at the European level. The main objective of this article is the assessment of the impact of organic farming, as compared with conventional agriculture, on sustainable development of European countries. Therefore, we used panel models based on data collected from the Eurostat database. We found that an increase of 1% of the organic farming areas will generate a contraction in agricultural production of 0.278%, whereas a 1% increase in the production of fertilizers would generate an increase of 0.260% in agriculture production. Moreover, an increase of 1% in the production of plant protection substances and in gross capital formation would generate increases of 0.1190% and 0.0933%, respectively, in agriculture production. The obtained results depend mainly on the characteristics of work on land, as some agricultural engineering methods (crop rotation, pest control, use of fertilizers etc.) influence productivity and production.

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