scholarly journals Effect of Low Temperature on Germination, Growth, and Seed Yield of Four Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Anna Szczerba ◽  
Agnieszka Płażek ◽  
Jakub Pastuszak ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
Marta Hornyák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽  
Thermophilic Species ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Number Of Seeds

During germination at low temperatures, seeds rich in proteins may experience damage to their cytoplasmic membranes. The study aimed to investigate the influence of the germination temperature on growth, development, and yield of four cultivars of soybean, a typical thermophilic species. The seeds were germinated at 10, 15, and 25 °C in the dark. After 48 h, one part of the seeds was analyzed for their amylase and dehydrogenase activity, cell membrane permeability, and germination vigor. The other part was transferred into soil and cultivated up to yielding. Chlorophyll fluorescence, fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of shoots, pod and seed number, and seed DW were analyzed. The plants of cvs. ‘Abelina’, ‘Malaga’, and ‘Merlin’, germinating at low temperature, produced the highest number of seeds. Seed number negatively correlated with their DW and positively with the number of active reaction centers (RC/CSm) in all cultivars. In cvs. ‘Abelina’ and ‘Malaga’, the number of seeds also positively correlated with the index performance of photosystem II (PSII), which was the highest in all plants germinating at low temperature. We suggest cultivating cv. ‘Abelina’ in cooler regions, while cvs. ‘Petrina’ and ‘Malaga’ in warmer areas.

Effect of sink size on the pod and seed characteristics of soya beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the lowland tropics

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe size of the sink on two indeterminate (cv. Hampton and cv. TGM 119) and two determinate (cv. Bossier and cv. TGM 294) cultivars of soya beans were reduced by continuously limiting the number of pods developing at each fruiting node to either one or two, starting from 2 weeks after anthesis, in three field experiments (early 1980, late 1980 and early 1981). Thiswas in order to evaluate the effects of sink size on the development of pod and seed characteristics as well as to quantify the inter-relationships between these characters under humid tropical conditions.Persistently reducing the number of pods developing at each fruiting node consistently significantly reduced the number of pods per plant, the pod and seed dry weights per plant, the total number of seeds per plant and the harvest index (seed weight as a proportion of total dry weight) in all cultivars when compared with the control. On the other hand, the treated plants of all cultivars generally had longer pods, heavier individual pods and seeds, more seeds per podand greater leaf area and leaf dry weight as well as greater specific leaf weight than the control plants. Compensation indices (percentage increases in size over control) were 25–30% for weight per pod and seed weight per pod; 11–16% for weight per seed and number of seeds per pod and 2–5% for pod length in the treated plants.Most of the characters measured (except individual weight of pods and seeds, seed weight per pod and number of seeds per pod) had significant interaction effects of sink size, cultivar and season; season had the highest correlation ratio, followed by cultivar, and sink size had the least. Also, nearly all components of seed yield were positively highly significantly correlated with one another; the number of seeds per pod and the number of pods per plant accounted for 76% of the variation in seed dry weight per plant.It would seem therefore that under the prevailing humid tropical conditions, the most important component of seed yield in soya bean is the number of seeds per pod, as affected by the sink size.

RATE OF ACCUMULATION OF DRY WEIGHT IN SEED OF SOYBEANS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO YIELD

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. EGLI
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

The dry weight accumulation rate in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seed was measured for 2 yr (1971–72), utilizing four cultivars and several planting dates within each year. Rates observed ranged from 3.38 to 8.32 mg/seed/day. There were significant differences among cultivars and planting dates. There was no significant relationship between the rate of accumulation and grain yield, seed weight or final seed number. Grain yield was closely correlated with final seed number both within each year and across both years.

scholarly journals Persilangan 4 varietas kedelai (Glycine max L.) dalam rangka perakitan kedelai tahan kering

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frendi Heri Utomo ◽  
Budi Adi Kristanto ◽  
Florentina Kusmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The purpose of this research was to study dialel crossing of 4 soybean varieties in order to get drought resistant varieties. The research used Completely Randomized Design with six crossing combination : Dering x Grobogan, Grobogan x Dering, Dering x Detam, Detam x Dering, Dering x Devon, and Devon x Dering. Each combination was repeated five times. Parameters observed were percentage of fertilization, number of seeds in pods, long of pods, weight of 10 seeds. Parameters were analyzed descriptively and heterosis was calculated. The research results showed that crossing between dering and devon had the highest percentage of fertilization. Crossing between dering and grobogan improved number of seed in pod, long of pods and weight of 10 seeds. The highest heterosis of seed number in pod, long of pods and weight of 10 seeds were resulted from crossing dering x devon, Dering x Grobogan, Grobogan x Dering, respectively. Keywords : Crossing, genotype soybean, fist population

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

The SCREENING OF HERBICIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Amjed Ali ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low Temperature on Phosphate Esterification and Cell Membrane Permeability in Tomato Fruit and Cabbage Leaf Tissue

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Lewis ◽  
M Workman
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Exposure to O�C for 4 weeks caused a threefold increase in cell membrnno permeability of mature-green tomato fruits (susceptible to chilling injury) hut had no effect on that of cabbage leaves (not susceptible). While tomato fruits chilled for 12 days lost two-thirds of their capacity to esterify phosphate at 20�0, a steady rise in this capacity occurred during chilling of cabbage leaves for 5 weeks. In tomato fruits the rate of phosphate esterification at the chilling temperature fell in 12 days to about one-half of the rate at the commencement of chilling .. It is suggested that the characteristic symptoms of chilling injury in mature-green tomato fruits, viz. increased susceptibility to fungal attack and loss of the capacity to ripen normally. may result from an energy deficit caused by a chilling. induced reduction in the phosphorylative capacity of the tissue.

scholarly journals Action of growth regulators on production of soybean cultivar Davis

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
Roberto S. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on production of soybean plant (Glycine max cv.. Davis) under greenhouse conditions, At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TiBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Before flowering, Agrostemin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. It was observed that CCC and TIBA reduced stem dry weight. Soybean plants treated with TIBA reduced weight of pods without seeds , seed number and seed weight.

scholarly journals Keragaman Fenotipe dan Heritabilitas Kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merril) Generasi F6 Hasil Persilangan Wilis X Mlg2521

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridwan Kusuma ◽  
Nyimas Sa’diyah ◽  
Yayuk Nurmiaty
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Made In

Soybean consumption here in Indonesia continues to increase each year that is notaccompanied by an increase in soybean production. One way to increase soybeanproduction by using improved varieties. The purpose of this study were (1) Estimating thevalue of the diversity of phenotypes soy F6 generations from crosses between Wilis x Mlg2521,(2) Estimating the heritability estimates soybean F6 generations from crosses Wilis x Mlg2521,(3) Know the numbers expectation of F6 generation crosses Wilis x Mlg2521. The researchwas conducted from March 2014 until June 2014 at the Land Lab Lampung StatePolytechnic and observations made in Laboratory of Seed and Plant Breeding, University ofLampung. Soybean seeds used were F6 generation zuriat from Wilis x Mlg2521, Wilis andMlg2521. The treatment laid out in a randomized block design, 2 replications. The resultsshowed that (1) The diversity of phenotypes population F6 for characters date of flowering,harvesting age, plant height, number of productive branches, total number of pods plant,weight of 100 grains, grain weight plant and number of seeds plant including all the broadcriteria, (2) The value of heritability estimates the population F6 for characters date offlowering, harvesting age, plant height, number of productive branches, total number ofpods plant, weight of 100 grains, grain weight per plant and number of seeds plantbelonging to the high criteria, (3) Number expectations of the population F6 is 7-64-1-8 and7-64-1-3.Keywords: heritability, phenotypic variance, soybean

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN BENTUK DAN UKURAN BENIH DUA KULTIVAR KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) DI JATINANGOR DAN CIKAJANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Rodiah ◽  
Zulfatunnisa Zulfatunnisa ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Size Heterogeneity

The variation of the seed size in each species and individuals might be from of difference species adaptation for  a difference environment. This difference may also arise from the constraints of limited formation of seed size. The use of adaptive ciltivars on the growth environment is very influential on the succes in the farm field. This research was aimed to find the adaptation of phase and size seed of two cultivars of soybeans in Jatinangor and Cikajang. This research was held in Jatinangor (Sumedang regency) and Cikajang (Garut regency) from April to July 2016. The design that used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) and Duncan at 5% rate. Improved cultivars that tested in this research were placed at Grobogan and Anjasmoro which were repeated 5 times. The results of experiment showed that adaptation of size seed showed of 100 grains and large seeds. The low temperature condition can increase of variability of seed size. Heterogeneity of environment can not sustain the size of soybean seed. Genetic and environment factors influence significantly for weight of 100 grains and seed size Grobogan in Jatinangor. The weight of 100 grains Grobogan in Jatinangor and Cikajang haved a greater than Anjasmoro. Environmental factors influence yield of soybean, weight of 100 grains of cultivars in Cikajang haved a greater than Jatinangor caused by the seed size.

Investigations of growth-promoting factors in conditioned soybean root cells and in the liquid medium in which they grow: ammonium, glutamine, and amino acids

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Sargent ◽  
J. King
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Haplopappus Gracilis ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Cells Cultured

Cells cultured in sterile, liquid media from a number of Phaseolus spp., soybean cotyledons, shoots, and roots and from rice explants grew, in terms of dry-weight increase, much better in the presence of NH4+ and NO3− as sources of nitrogen than with NO3− alone. Other cultures tested, including other legumes, either did not respond positively to added NH4+ or, as in the case of Haplopappus gracilis cells, grew better in its absence.Earlier it had been shown that soybean (Glycine max. L. cv. Mandarin) root cells grew better in the presence of NH4+ than in its absence and that 'conditioning' substances were produced by cells and excreted into the medium between about the 15th and 35th h of incubation. These observations and those above with other cell cultures led to the initiation of an investigation of why some cells respond to NH4+ while others do not.This investigation has so far taken the form of an analysis of nitrogenous compounds in soybean root cells and in the NH4+-containing medium in which they were grown during 120 h of incubation and especially after 24 h of incubation, the time of maximum production of growth-enhancing ability in both cells and medium.Growth enhancement can be accounted for, apparently, by the occurrence of residual NH4+ in conditioned medium and by the presumed occurrence of NH4+ in cells. However, glutamine and its derivatives are implicated in the conditioning process.

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