Current state of the problem of soil protection and prospect of using humic acids

The article reviews the literature on the state of the problem of protecting the soil cover of the earth. Today, during the period of strong pollution of the lithosphere by technogenic wastes of various nature, leading to soil degradation and erosion, in measures to improve the physical, chemical, hydrological, agronomic and other properties of soils, preference should be given to the least harmless natural raw materials. These include humic acids (HA) and their derivatives, which are good adsorbents, stabilizers and fixers of dispersed systems. The study of the composition of humic acids with various water-soluble polymers and surfactants is another not fully understood area of interdisciplinary nature. Literary search for the works of Kazakh scientists shows the underdevelopment of both the extraction of humic acids and the formation of HA interpolymer complexes (IPC) with polymers and surfactants, as well as their use as fixers, structure formers of soils subject to wind and water erosion. Having large reserves of coal in the republic, a source of humic acids, it is not forgivable not to develop an integrated approach to research on the extraction of HAs, the formation of IPC on their basis and the use of new structure-forming agents to improve the degraded soils of the republic's structures.

Legal regulation of the use of technogenic waste of a mining enterprises in Ukraine

Purpose. Substantiation of improvement of normative-legal regulation of use of technogenic wastes of mining enterprises for maintenance of requirements of ecological safety of settlements of Ukraine and their conformity to the European standards of realization of economic activity. Methodology. The application of methods of comparative legal research, system and structural-functional analysis, functional method allowed justifying the feasibility of optimizing the regulation of the use of man-made waste from mining enterprises. Findings. The expediency of amending Art. 4 of the Law of Ukraine On Waste, supplementing articles of the Mining Law of Ukraine with provisions that will provide for the competence of public authorities in the field of mining waste management, the procedure for handling all types of mining waste, duties and responsibilities of economic entities for violation of legislation in the field of managing mining waste, and others. Originality. Proposals have been formulated to amend the Law of Ukraine On Waste, articles of the Mining Law of Ukraine, aimed at consolidating the rights and responsibilities of the subjects of the administrative and legal regime of man-made waste of mining enterprises. Practical value. The obtained results can be used to improve the mechanism of utilization and use of man-made waste from mining enterprises.

Obtaining of Granulated Gypsum Anhydrite on the Basis of Technogenic Wastes of Chemical and Metallurgical Complex for Use in Portland Cement Production

The composition and properties of fluorine–anhydrite and steel–refining slag which are wastes of production of hydrogen fluoride and steel were determined. It is established that fluorine–anhydrite of the current output does not meet the requirements to materials for the production of Portland cement. Therefore to improve the technical and consumer properties of fluorine-anhydrite (for increasing the amount of CaSO4 ⋅2H2O and neutralization of H2SO4) the studies of its’ conditioning processes with steel– refining slag were carried out. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient of sulfuric acid through the capillary and the degree of its neutralization by slag depend on the dispersion of fluorine–anhydrite, its porosity and initial acidity. The most effective binding of sulfuric acid occurs with the introduction of slag in stoichiometric amounts, the size of fluorine–anhydrite granules up to 20 mm and a processing time of 60 minutes. After storage in air-humid conditions for 12 hours of fluorine–anhydrite treated with slag the strength of its granules, the amount of dihydrate gypsum and toxicological properties meet the requirements. Keywords: techno–gypsum, refining slag, neutralization, conditioning, gypsum stone, Portland cement

Effective additive for foam concrete

In search of a building material of the XXI-st century, architects, investors and builders are increasingly coming to one recently successfully approved solution - the use of foam concrete in construction, which, due to its exceptional characteristics, meets the multilateral requirements of the construction industry. The article presents the way to use technogenic wastes in the production of non-autoclave foam concrete.

Technogenic wastes and ecological problems

The northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus encompasses the western part of the Republic of Azerbaijan and is characterized with a prevalence of unique flora and fauna and the availability of rich natural resources, particularly metals. It is known that the long-term exploitation of these resources by surface mining has led to technogenic contamination in the area. Exploitation of ore deposits is associated with the origination of huge hills of waste which cause heavy degradation of pastures, forests, and croplands. A significant part of widely degraded areas in the northeastern Lesser Caucasus is found in the territory of the Gedabek administrative district. This paper deals with the problem of restoration for contaminated lands formed due to raw material extraction on territory of valuable mountain forests and meadows over a long historical period as well as the use of collected technogenic wastes for different purposes (e.g. in land reclamation, construction of motorways etc.).

Heat Resistance and Heat-and-Mass Transfer in Road Pavements

The paper presents a fragment of on-going investigations directed on creation of optimal information environment that ensures an access to the R&D publications from the known scientific journals and other scientific serials which are necessary for qualitative execution of scientific and technological activities on priority areas in highway engineering. A citation analysis has been applied while using data of Journal Citation Reports for selection of world scientific publications which are necessary for execution of investigations on heat and mass transfer in road dressings. Their deformations occur under various climatic conditions due to heat and mass transfer processes, interaction of transport flows and road surface that leads to crack formation in depth and on the surface of road dressings. Structure of constructive layers especially which are created with the help of technogenic wastes (asphalt-, reinforced concrete, concrete, brick scrap and products of their recycling, various wastes of production etc.) exerts an influence on heat and mass transfer. The paper presents results of investigations on heat flows, boundary layers according to viscosity, air velocity, geometric characteristics, permeability, capillary pressures in materials. It has been shown that calculations based on principles of complex number usage have specific features in engineering practice: it is required to observe their accuracy in approaches, calculation reduction due to some accuracy degradation as a consequence of transition from complex numbers to their modules with exclusion of phase shift account and related with propagation of thermal waves. In this respect calculations of heat resistance without phase shifts are considered as rather important if they are in agreement with principles based on the fact that a complexity is characterized by thermal absorptivity of the material in a great number of calculations. The investigations have been supported by Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, Grant Number GZS 2018006 (People’s Republic of China, Henan Province).

PRODUCTION OF NON-ROASTING PELLETS FROM THE WASTE OF SHABROVSKY TALCUM COMBINE

Technogenic wastes are by-products of any production. At the same time, they can be a raw material for obtaining useful products. In particular, the waste from the Shabrovsky talcum combine, can be used to produce magnesian fluxes. They are dispersed, so must be agglomerated. Therefore, a method has been proposed for the preparation of non-roasting pellets. As a binder, a mixture of water and peat, treated in a hydropercussion cavitation device, was used. The resulting material is a colloidal system with particle size of less than 10–4 m. To measure the particle size, dynamic light scattering method was used. For comparison, a similar mixture of water and peat treated in a planetary mill was studied. An analysis of the data obtained has shown that particles of micron size occupy up to 90 % of volume in the sample after treatment of the mixture in hydropercussion cavitation device. In a sample that was ground in a planetary mill, most of the particles are characterized by tens or even hundreds of microns. Determination of crushing strength of non-roasting pellets is performed by compressing in a tensile machine of model P-0.5. For this purpose, the granules were used both immediately after granulation and after drying at 105 °C to a moisture content of less than 1.5 %. With an optimum proportion of binders of 15 – 20 %, the strength of raw pellets was 15 N, and the strength of dry pellets was 90 N. With a binder percentage of less than 15 %, both raw and dried pellets had low strength. With a binder content of more than 20 %, the mixture had excessive plasticity and tackiness, which led to the formation of conglomerates of several granules. Despite the fact that the strength parameters of the non-roasting pellet are lower than those of pellets used in blast-furnace production, they are sufficient for use in steelmaking processes.